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All Journal DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Morality :Jurnal Ilmu Hukum NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Ekspose: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum dan Pendidikan JUSTISI Jurnal Ilmu Hukum KYADIREN Al-Muamalat: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Syari'ah Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Electoral Governance : Jurnal Tata Kelola Pemilu Indonesia Journal of Law, Administration, and Social Science USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Jurnal Bawaslu Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Journal of Business, Management and Social Studies Journal of Mutidisciplinary Issues Journal of Accounting Law Communication and Technology Federalisme : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Ilmu Komunikasi Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia
Silalahi, Wilma
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Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Tantangan Regulasi Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Data Pribadi di Indonesia Kirana, Kimmy Baby; Silalahi, Wilma
Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/cerdika.v5i6.2711

Abstract

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have had a wide and significant impact on various sectors of life, ranging from public services, finance, health, education, to law enforcement. These technologies enable process automation, service efficiency, and fast, data-driven decision-making. However, behind its benefits, the use of AI brings serious challenges to the protection of the right to privacy and personal data. AI works by collecting, processing, and analyzing data at scale, including personal and sensitive data, thereby creating a risk of abuse and violation of the fundamental rights of individuals. In Indonesia, even though Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) has been passed as an important milestone in the protection of digital rights, its application and regulation of the use of AI is still not comprehensive and detailed. Existing regulations do not explicitly regulate the principles of algorithm transparency, supervision of the decision-making automation process, and legal accountability mechanisms in the event of losses due to AI system decisions. Therefore, this article aims to analyze these regulatory challenges through a normative juridical approach based on legislative studies and academic literature in order to provide constructive recommendations for strengthening personal data protection in the era of artificial intelligence.
The Lawfulness of Using Copyrighted Works for Generative AI Training : A Case Study of a US Lawsuit against OpenAI and Perplexity AI Ismantara, Stefany; Silalahi, Wilma
JUSTISI Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): JUSTISI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/js.v11i1.3871

Abstract

Copyright protection in Indonesia is governed by Law No. 28 of 2014 (Law 28/2014), encompassing moral and economic rights. This law imposes limitations on the use of works for education, law enforcement, or technological development as long as such use does not harm the legitimate interests of the rightholder. The development of generative AI (GAI) poses challenges in determining the legality of using copyrighted works for GAI training. This study examines copyright regulations concerning GAI through normative, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches, including case studies on lawsuits against OpenAI and Perplexity AI. The findings indicate that the legality of using copyrighted works depends on the data input process and output (responses). Data scraping is considered an economic right of the rightholder, classified as reproduction under Article 9 of Law 28/2014. If such acts are conducted without the rightholder’s consent and for commercial purposes, they are deemed unlawful under Indonesia’s current copyright law. GAI outputs may also infringe copyright if: (1) the source is not cited, violating Article 7 on copyright management information; (2) substantial portions of the work are reproduced, violating the rightholder's economic rights under Article 9; or (3) the work is distorted in a way that harms the rightholder’s honor, infringing on moral rights under Article 5. To accommodate AI development, specific regulations integrating AI transparency principles outlined in SE Kominfo 9/2023 are required. These regulations could include obligations for AI companies to release summaries of training datasets, include Uni EropaLAs that define the responsibilities of AI developers and users, and provide disclaimers regarding AI's limitations. Regarding the fulfillment of rightholders’ economic rights, a non-exclusive blanket license through Collective Management Organizations (CMOs) as stipulated in Permenkumham 15/2024 is necessary. These regulations should be synchronized with related policies to establish legal certainty that adapts to technological advancements.
Pembatasan Hak Ekslusif terhadap Penggunaan Kata Umum dalam Sebuah Merek Sanjaya, Aqila Herdiyanto; Silalahi, Wilma
Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Mei-Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/ls.v9i2.11773

Abstract

Technological advances drive the importance of brands as trade identities. Based on Law No. 20 of 2016, brands with generic words are prohibited, but the lack of clarity in the rules creates legal uncertainty. This study examines the legal issue and evaluates the regulations to support fair trademark law in Indonesia. This study applies a normative legal approach method with analytical descriptive research specifications. This approach aims to explain and describe the events that are the focus of the study, which are then analyzed by referring to primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study are the Restriction of exclusive rights to generic words in brands, as regulated in Article 16 letter f of the Permenkumham Merek 12/2021, preventing monopoly of widely known terms to protect the public interest and support business competition. However, the lack of a clear classification in Law No. 20 of 2016 creates the potential for legal conflicts. Distinctive power remains a key element, which can be obtained through fantasy words, generic words unrelated to the product, or secondary meanings. Clearer guidelines and evaluation of the mechanism of distinctive power are needed for fair and effective application of the law.
EFEKTIVITAS LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, DAN JUDICIAL REVIEW DALAM MENJAGA SUPREMASI KONSTITUSI DAN HAK WARGA DI ERA DIGITAL Naomy Christian Yulianty Simanjuntak1, Indah; Silalahi, Wilma
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 12, No 11 (2025): NUSANTARA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v12i11.2025.4313-4327

Abstract

Supremasi konstitusi merupakan prinsip utama negara hukum yang menjamin seluruh tindakan penyelenggara negara tunduk pada norma konstitusional, namun perkembangan teknologi digital telah memunculkan tantangan baru terhadap efektivitas mekanisme pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan. Transformasi digital menimbulkan kompleksitas hukum yang memperluas ruang potensi pelanggaran hak warga negara serta memperlemah fungsi kontrol lembaga-lembaga konstitusional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas legislative review, executive review, dan judicial review dalam menjaga supremasi konstitusi dan hak konstitusional warga negara di era digital. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa legislative review kerap terdistorsi oleh kepentingan politik dan kurang menerapkan mekanisme constitutional pre-screening dalam proses legislasi. Sementara itu, executive review kehilangan daya efektivitas akibat lemahnya koordinasi dan tumpang tindih kewenangan antarinstansi dalam mengoreksi kebijakan administratif yang inkonstitusional. Di sisi lain, judicial review memiliki kekuatan korektif, namun akses publik yang terbatas dan pelaksanaan putusan yang belum optimal menghambat peran Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai penjaga konstitusi. Fragmentasi ketiga mekanisme tersebut mengakibatkan lemahnya sinergi kelembagaan dan menciptakan constitutional gap dalam perlindungan hak warga di ruang digital. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan integrasi sistem pengujian norma melalui integrated constitutional control yang menekankan sinergi antara lembaga legislatif, eksekutif, dan yudikatif untuk menjaga supremasi konstitusi yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap perkembangan era digital.
IMPLEMENTASI SELECTIVE POLICY DALAM HUKUM KEIMIGRASIAN INDONESIA TERHADAP MIGRAN ILEGAL JALUR LAUT: PERSPEKTIF HUKUM NASIONAL DAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Silalahi, Wilma; Linda Antonio, Michelle
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 12, No 11 (2025): NUSANTARA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v12i11.2025.4271-4280

Abstract

Fenomena migrasi ilegal melalui jalur laut merupakan salah satu isu global yang menimbulkan tantangan serius bagi negara kepulauan seperti Indonesia. Sebagai negara transit dan tujuan migran, Indonesia menghadapi dilema antara menjaga kedaulatan dan memenuhi kewajiban moral kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi selective policy dalam hukum keimigrasian Indonesia terhadap migran ilegal jalur laut, baik dari perspektif hukum nasional maupun hukum internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selective policy ditegaskan dalam UU Keimigrasian sebagai prinsip kedaulatan negara untuk hanya menerima orang asing yang memberikan manfaat dan menolak yang berpotensi menimbulkan ancaman. Namun, dalam praktiknya, penerapan kebijakan ini sering menghadapi tekanan internasional, khususnya ketika berhadapan dengan pengungsi Rohingya yang membutuhkan perlindungan darurat. Keterbatasan regulasi nasional terkait status pengungsi membuat Indonesia bergantung pada kerja sama dengan UNHCR dan IOM dalam penanganannya. Di sisi lain, selective policy efektif sebagai instrumen administratif untuk mencegah migrasi ilegal, tetapi menimbulkan potensi pelanggaran prinsip non-refoulement yang telah menjadi norma hukum kebiasaan internasional. Kondisi ini memperlihatkan adanya ketegangan antara kepentingan kedaulatan negara dan pemenuhan kewajiban kemanusiaan global. Oleh karena itu, selective policy perlu diharmonisasikan dengan instrumen perlindungan hak asasi manusia internasional agar tetap relevan dan sejalan dengan komitmen Indonesia di tingkat global.
KONSEP EKSTRATERITORIALITAS KAPAL BERBENDERA INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNCLOS 1982: IMPLIKASI TERHADAP WILAYAH NEGARA, PERTAHANAN, DAN KEIMIGRASIAN Silalahi, Wilma; Putri, Mutiara
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 12, No 10 (2025): NUSANTARA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v12i10.2025.3927-3937

Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki wilayah maritim yang luas dan strategis, sehingga memerlukan perangkat hukum yang kuat untuk menjaga kedaulatan, keamanan, dan kepentingan nasional di laut. Salah satu prinsip penting dalam hukum laut internasional adalah konsep ekstrateritorialitas kapal berbendera, yang menegaskan bahwa kapal dipandang sebagai perpanjangan wilayah yurisdiksi negara benderanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar hukum, implementasi, serta implikasi konsep ekstrateritorialitas kapal berbendera Indonesia dalam perspektif UNCLOS 1982 terhadap aspek wilayah negara, pertahanan, dan keimigrasian. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum nasional Indonesia, khususnya UU Pelayaran dan peraturan turunannya, telah mengadopsi ketentuan UNCLOS 1982 mengenai yurisdiksi negara bendera. Namun, implementasinya masih menghadapi tantangan berupa lemahnya pengawasan, praktik flag of convenience, serta keterbatasan koordinasi antar lembaga maritim. Dari sisi pertahanan dan keamanan, ekstrateritorialitas memberikan legitimasi bagi Indonesia untuk menindak berbagai tindak pidana lintas negara seperti penyelundupan, perikanan ilegal, dan perdagangan orang di atas kapal berbenderanya. Sementara itu, dalam aspek keimigrasian, awak dan penumpang asing di atas kapal berbendera Indonesia tunduk pada hukum nasional, sehingga yurisdiksi negara tetap berlaku meski kapal berada di luar wilayah teritorial. Oleh karena itu, penegakan konsep ekstrateritorialitas yang konsisten merupakan instrumen strategis untuk memperkuat kedaulatan maritim Indonesia sekaligus menjaga kepastian hukum di era globalisasi.
Tanggung Jawab Administrasi Pemerintah dalam Era Digital: Analisis Implementasi Sistem OSS-RBA dalam Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berbasis Risiko Silalahi, Wilma; Putri, Mutiara
Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November : Majelis : Jurnal Hukum Indonesia
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/majelis.v2i4.1284

Abstract

The digital transformation of public administration in recent decades has reshaped government service delivery, particularly through the adoption of technology as a tool to enhance transparency, efficiency, and accountability. The implementation of the Online Single Submission–Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) represents Indonesia’s strategic effort to create an integrated licensing framework aligned with the principles of good governance. This study aims to analyze the forms of administrative responsibility in digital-based licensing services under OSS-RBA and examine the accountability mechanisms applicable when system failures affect legal certainty for business actors. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches through the examination of regulations, doctrines, and administrative court decisions. The findings indicate that digitalization does not alter the core of governmental responsibility, as every decision generated by the system is legally attributed to the competent administrative authority. The implementation of OSS-RBA still faces obstacles such as system errors, data inconsistencies between institutions, and delays in technical verification, all of which directly affect legal certainty and the quality of public services. Furthermore, internal and external oversight mechanisms are not yet fully effective in preventing maladministration, including unreasonable delays and inaccuracies in automated decision-making. The study also shows that business actors require more responsive administrative remedies to prevent technological risks from shifting entirely onto them. Therefore, this research concludes that the effectiveness of OSS-RBA depends on strengthening institutional capacity, harmonizing regulations, and ensuring the consistent application of good governance principles throughout all stages of digital licensing administration.
Reformasi Hukum Acara Penyidikan di Era Digital: Analisis Kesesuaian KUHAP dan KUHP Baru terhadap Kebutuhan Teknologi Informasi dalam Perspektif Ketatanegaraan Silalahi, Wilma; Antonio, Michelle Linda
Federalisme: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): November: Federalisme : Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/federalisme.v2i4.1286

Abstract

The reform of criminal investigation procedures has become a crucial aspect of Indonesia’s criminal justice system renewal, particularly following the enactment of the new Criminal Code, which introduces significant shifts regarding the rights of suspects, investigative authority, and the implementation of due process of law. In an era of rapid digital development, investigative practices must also incorporate the principles of good governance and human rights protection to ensure that state authority is exercised proportionally. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the principles of good governance in modern investigative processes, assess the adequacy of due process guarantees under the current Code of Criminal Procedureand the new Criminal Code, and identify practical challenges in application. Using a normative legal research method through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study finds that criminal investigations in Indonesia continue to face issues such as normative inconsistency, regulatory disharmony, and weak accountability mechanisms. The integration of the principles of good governance has the potential to strengthen the quality and fairness of investigations, yet requires clearer normative foundations and consistent implementation. Moreover, the new Criminal Code does not fully resolve harmonization issues with Code of Criminal Procedure, making procedural reform an urgent necessity. The findings contribute to the enhancement of suspect protection, professionalism among investigators, and the overall improvement of Indonesia’s criminal justice system.
Judicial Inconsistency and Its Implications for Trademark Protection in Indonesia Purba, Jeremy Exaudi; Silalahi, Wilma
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.369

Abstract

The issue of legal certainty and trademark protection for relevant parties arises from the inconsistency between the decisions of the Judex Facti and Judex Juris in trademark cancellation cases. This study aims to identify the nature of this inconsistency and its implications for trademark legal protection in Indonesia. Drawing on statutory regulations, Medan Commercial Court Decision No. 6/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Merek/2022, and Supreme Court Decision No. 989 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2024, this normative legal research employs both case-based and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the Commercial Court adopts a narrow interpretation of “interested parties” and does not recognize first use as a legal basis, resulting in the dismissal of the trademark cancellation claim. In contrast, the Supreme Court applies a broader and more progressive interpretation by acknowledging historical use and identifying indications of bad faith in the trademark registration process. These divergent interpretations generate legal uncertainty, underscoring the need for harmonization between courts to ensure equitable trademark protection.
Algorithmic Maladministration: Rekonseptualisasi Peran Ombudsman dalam Pengawasan Pelayanan Publik Berbasis AI dan Big Data di Indonesia Silalahi, Wilma; Maharwani, Gesta Sebysesa
Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai, Riau, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jptam.v9i3.33794

Abstract

Perkembangan pelayanan publik berbasis digital telah mengubah cara pemerintah membuat keputusan, mulai dari sistem informasi kependudukan, seleksi ASN, penyaluran bantuan sosial, hingga sistem perizinan otomatis. Penggunaan artificial intelligence (AI), algoritma, dan big data menghadirkan efisiensi baru, tetapi juga melahirkan bentuk-bentuk maladministrasi yang tidak terakomodasi dalam kerangka hukum Ombudsman saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk maladministrasi digital, mengevaluasi kecukupan norma dalam UU No.37/2008 tentang Ombudsman, serta menawarkan model pengawasan baru yang relevan dengan era digital governance. Menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan studi literatur mutakhir, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa maladministrasi di era digital memiliki karakteristik baru seperti bias algoritmik, ketidaktransparanan logika sistem (algorithmic opacity), kesalahan otomatis (automated error), dan diskriminasi berbasis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ombudsman perlu mengembangkan standar baru berupa Algorithmic Transparency Standard, Digital Audit Framework, dan unit khusus untuk pengawasan sistem AI dalam pelayanan publik. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa reformulasi kewenangan Ombudsman merupakan urgensi untuk memastikan akuntabilitas, keadilan, dan kepastian hukum dalam pelayanan publik berbasis digital.
Co-Authors Adeputri, Gesta Subysesa Maharwani Aditya Pradana, Yudha Akhirudin Antonio, Michelle Linda Darmansyah, Erick Djaja, Benny Djayanti Djayanti, Djayanti Evelina, Shane Fadhli, Rifqi Naufal Fudianto, Mahfudz Hafendi, Doni Hamonangan, Marcellius Kirana Helmi, Teofilus Titus Ichsandi, Muhammad Wildan Ismantara, Stefany Jonathan, Michael Kirana, Kimmy Baby Linda Antonio, Michelle Maharwani, Gesta Sebysesa Manurung, Rachel Wahyunita Theodor Marsanti, Aliyah Marsela Berliana Mutiara Putri, Mutiara Naomy Christian Yulianty Simanjuntak1, Indah Natassya, Meily Ngabut, Rupertus Arvinci Permatasari, Yofi Princes, Elfindah Priyono, Muhammad Yogi Septiyan Purba, Jeremy Exaudi Ranadi, Gladys Felicia Sanjaya, Aqila Herdiyanto Saraswati, Dita Satriyo Mandiri, Muhammad Sudirman Taufano, Martinus Al Ibrani Giga William Chandra William, Joseph