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All Journal Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Buletin Agrohorti Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
. Giyanto
Department Of Plant Protection, Faculty Of Agriculture, IPB University Jln. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Economics, Econometrics & Finance Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Kajian pemanfaatan limbah organik cair untuk pembiakan masal agens antagonis pseudomonas flourescens serta uji potensinya sebagai bio-pestisida . Giyanto; Efi Toding Tondok
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1989.032 KB)

Abstract

Pseudomonas fluorescens has been well known as biological control agent for plant diseases control. The ;:>roblem to apply the agents widely in the field or in the level of farmer is limited technology of mass production Nith low cost, due to the simple technology of propagation has not been yet available. The objective of this research is to study the potency of liquid organic wastes as media for mass production of P. f/uorescens and to formulate them as bio-pesticide. The results showed that modification of coconut water to pH of 7.0 could be used as media for growing P. flourescens. The P. fluorescens also could grow well in livestock liquid waste by adding 10% meat extract. On the other hand, the liquid tofu waste and liquid compost waste became good media for growing of P. fluorescens by addition of 10°/o meat extract and 1.2S0/o sugar. Tetes tebu will be very good media for P. f/uorescens at S% final concentration and by adding of 10°/o meat extract and 2.S0/o of sugar. The P. fluorescens showed high antagonistic effect to Ralstonia solanacearum and Sclerotium rolfsii in all of modified liquid organic wastes media. Survival and antagonisctic activity of P. fluorescens in modified organic liquid wastes stored at S°C or room temperature were 12 weeks. In vivo antagonistic and plant growth promoting activity showed that P. fluorescens grown in liquid organic waste suppressed the incidence of stem rot diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and increased the vigor of plant growth on watermelon. Formulation of the P. Fluorescens grown in modified coconut water gave the best performance of P. fluorescens in supppressing of plant diseases and inducing plant growth. The product of BeMOR(e) (beneficial microorganism) from the result of this research will be proposed to be patented.
EVALUASI KEMURNIAN GENETIK DENGAN MARKA MIKROSATELIT DAN APLIKASI RIZOBAKTERIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI DAN MUTU BENIH JAGUNG HIBRIDA Memen Surahman; . Giyanto; Andi Takdir; Awaludin Hipi
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Abstract

One effort to improve of high-quality of maize seed were the development and application of methods for genetic quality testing, such as SSR marker. Another effort was used of rhizobacteria for increased the availability of nutrients, especially P in the soil. The aim of this study were: 1) Microsatellite markers specific to male and female parents of maize hybrid; 2) Seed genetic purity by using molecular marker; 3) Rhizobacteria that could increase the physiological quality of maize hybrid seed; and 4) Rhizobacteria that could increase the growth of plant and efficiency of fertilizer P. The result showed that: 1) From five markers tested, three markers namely phi96100, phi328175 and phi072 produced polymorphic bands and capable to distinguish parental lines of two maize hybrids. Microsatellite marker phi96100 was specific used for testing genetic purity of cv.Bima-4 and phi072 for cv.Bima-3. While phi328175 was specific markers to both hybrids maize. The test of cv. Bima-3 and Bima-4 indicated that genetic purity of both varieties were 97.5% and 80% respectivelly; 2) Isolates B28 and B46 could increase IV 19% and 22% respectively, and had a high speed of growth compared controls; 3). Isolates B46, B42, B13, P14, P31, AB2, AB3, AB11, ATS4, and ATS5 could increased of germination compared to control; 4) Treatment of rhizobacteri significantly affects on plant height 2, 4 and 6 week after planting (WAP); 5) P fertilizer dosage were not significantly influenced on the number of leaves at 2 and 4 WAP, but significant at 6 WAP. Isolate of B28, B42 and ATS4 were potential for increased of plant growth. 
Pengaturan Arsitektur Tanaman untuk Menyeimbangkan Sink dan Source serta Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Koro Pedang Abdullah Sarijan; Memen Surahman; Asep Setiawan; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 25 No. 1 (2020): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (580.181 KB) | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.25.1.43

Abstract

The research to improve the growth, production, and seed quality of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) through pruning, which was carried out from May to October 2016 in Purwasari Village, Dramaga, Bogor Regency and continued by seed testing at the Seed Testing Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University in December 2016. The research was designed in a randomized block design (RBD) with eight treatment of stem and branch pruning and one treatment without pruning as a control, i.e. without pruning of branches and stems (P1), pruning on the 10th stem nodes (P2 ), pruning on the 11th stem nodes (P3), pruning on the 5th branch nodes (P4), pruning on the five branch nodes and the 10th stem nodes (P5), pruning on the 5th branch nodes and stem nodes to -11 (P6), pruning on the 6th branch nodes (P7), pruning on the 6th branch nodes and 10th stem nodes (P8), and pruning on the 6th branch nodes and 11th stem nodes (P9). The results showed that pruning affected some of the results of the study, but was not able to increase the production of Jack Bean. Pruning treatment on the 5th branch nodes and 10th stem nodes (P5) produced the highest seed production (3.4 tons ha-1), the physical quality of the seeds produced was classified as moderate with a weight of 1000 seeds between 1273.3-1291.7 g. The physiological quality of the seed is moderate with maximum growth potential 84.0-90.7%, germination percentage 73.3-82.7%, germination speed 9.1-116.1% / etmal, germination uniformity 40.0-49 , 3% and vigor index of 14.0-20.0%. Keywords: germination rate, inflorescence, oas bakol, pod
Bacillus endophyticus: Symbiotic Bacterium in Subterranean Termites Intestine (Blattodea: Termitoidae) from Bogor, Indonesia Nadzirum Mubin; Giyanto Giyanto; Idham Sakti Harahap
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 27 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.27.2.191

Abstract

Rayap merupakan serangga sosial yang berperan penting dalam perputaran siklus nutrisi. Di dalam sistem pencernaan rayap, terdapat simbion yang membantu proses degradasi selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri simbion yang terdapat di dalam saluran cerna rayap tanah. Penelitian diawali dengan koleksi rayap tanah di Kampus IPB University, diikuti isolasi bakteri simbion dari saluran cerna belakang (proktodeum) yang kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi, fisiologi, dan molekuler menggunakan gen 16S rRNA. Enam rayap tanah yang diperoleh adalah Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus, Microtermes insperatus, dan Capritermes mohri (Famili Termitidae); Schedorhinotermes javanicus dan Coptotermes curvignathus (Famili Rhinotermitidae). Dari enam rayap diperoleh 43 isolat dan satu isolat yang memiliki karakter umum. Isolat bakteri kode 8A_27F berwarna putih, elevasi seperti tombol dengan tepian licin. Dari uji fisiologis, isolat ini termasuk ke dalam bakteri Gram positif, berspora, dan bersifat aerob. Identifikasi dengan gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri tersebut memiliki tingkat kemiripan sebesar 98% dengan spesies Bacillus endophyticus. Kata kunci: bakteri, rayap, 16S rRNA, simbion, proktodeum
Uji In Vitro Asap Cair terhadap Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis Penyebab Penyakit Darah pada Pisang Aisyah Imas; Giyanto Giyanto; Meity Suradji Sinaga; Abdjad Asih Nawangsih; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 14 No 4 (2018)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (600.062 KB) | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.14.4.145

Abstract

In Vitro Test of Liquid Smoke against Ralstonia syzygii subsp. Celebesensis, the Cause of Blood Disease in Bananas Blood disease, caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis, is an important disease of banana plants in Indonesia. Several control methods have been done, but the result were not effective.  Liquid smoke from wood waste is reported to be antimicrobial, but its use for controlling R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis has never been reported. Research was conducted to examine the ability of liquid smoke produced from coconut shell (CS-LS), pinecone (P-LS), and oil palm branch (OPB-LS) in inhibiting the growth of R. syzygii subsp. celebensensis in vitro and its effect on bacterial cell morphology. Efficacy test of liquid smoke was carried out by agar diffusion method and measurement of bacterial density by spectrophotometry with ʎ 600 nm. Observation of bacterial cell morphology was carried out by electron microscopy. The CS-LS, P-LS, and OPB-LS starting from 0.5% concentration showed inhibitory activity against R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis both on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium and luria bertani broth. Liquid smoke also caused damage to cell walls and cell membranes. Therefore, liquid smoke has the potential to be used as component in control method for R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis.
The Potential Biological Agent Bacteria Against for Controling Important Pathogens on Rice Ratna Sari Dewi; Giyanto Giyanto; Meity Suradji Sinaga; Dadang Dadang; Bambang Nuryanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 16 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (608.052 KB) | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.16.1.37-48

Abstract

Saat ini teknologi pengendalian hayati penyakit utama padi terus berkembang. Dalam pengembangan teknologi pengendalian hayati, mekanisme penghambatan patogen dalam perkembangan penyakit pada suatu populasi tumbuhan dalam area tertentu menjadi hal yang penting. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan bakteri agens hayati potensial dalam pengendalian penyakit penting padi di antaranya yang disebabkan Pyricularia oryzae, Xanthomnas oryzae pv. oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Burkholderia glumae, dan Drechlera oryzae, berdasarkan mekanisme antagonisme, kemampuan menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman, serta kompatibilitas antaragens hayati. Ralstonia pickettii TT47, Pseudomonas fluorescens P12, Chromobacterium sp. T51118, Bacillus subtilis 451 dan 154, serta Streptomyces sp. T51105 dibuktikan memiliki mekanisme antibiosis dengan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder dan senyawa volatil. Berdasarkan uji produksi enzim kitinolitik Chromobacterium sp. dan Streptomyces sp. memiliki mekanisme lisis. Aktivitas antibiotik R. pickettii dan P. fluorescens tergolong kuat terhadap P. oryzae dengan penekanan secara berurutan sebesar 79.68% dan 77.59% pada uji biakan ganda. Penekanan pertumbuhan miselium P. oryzae dan R. solani pada uji volatil mencapai 100% oleh Chromobacterium sp. Semua agens hayati umumnya mampu menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman. Uji kompatibilitas menunjukan R. pickettii, P. fluorescens, dan Chromobacterium sp. bersifat kompatibel. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh tiga bakteri agens hayati dengan kategori unggul, yaitu P. fluorescens P12, R. pickettii TT47, dan Chromobacterium sp. T51118. Ketiganya mampu menekan pertumbuhan patogen, menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman, memiliki patogen sasaran yang lebih beragam, serta bersifat kompatibel.
Pengendalian Burkholderia glumae pada Benih Padi dengan Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Minyak Cengkeh Kresnamurti Kurniasih; Giyanto Giyanto; Meity Suradji Sinaga; Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin; Eny Widajati
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.16.3.123-134

Abstract

Control of Burkholderia glumae in Rice Seed by Dry Heat and Clove Oil Treatments Burkholderia glumae is a seed-borne pathogen that causes bacterial grain rot (BGR) ​disease in rice. This study aims to obtain ​disease in rice. This study aims to obtain B. glumae control techniques in rice seeds using a combination of dry heat and clove oil treatment without reducing the quality of rice seeds. This research consisted of several stages, namely: 1) preparation of healthy and infected seeds of B. glumae, 2) determination of the temperature and duration range of treatment that effectively reduced of the B. glumae population without reducing the viability of healthy seeds, 3) the effect of dry heat treatment on population B. glumae and seed viability of infected seed, 4) determination concentration of clove oil that decreases B. glumae population without decreasing seed viability of healthy seed, 5) the effect of clove oil treatment on B. glumae population and seed viability of infected seed and 6) combination of dry heat and clove oil treatment to control B. glumae in infected seed. The study showed that B. glumae population in rice seeds reduced as much as 97.68%, 98.00% dan 99.38% by dry heat treatment at 55 °C for 3, 4, and 5 hours without decreasing seed germination (seeds germination respectively 92%, 94% dan 93%). Application of clove oil 0.5% and 0.75% were able to reduce the bacterial population of 86.61% and 98.26% with the seed germination of 90.25% and 90.00%. The combination of 0.75% clove oil treatment followed by dry heat treatment at 55 °C for 5 hours eliminated all B. glumae in rice seeds without reducing the seed germination
The Keefektifan Bakteri Asal Lahan Gambut sebagai Agens Pengendalian Penyakit Kresek dan Pupuk Hayati pada Tanaman Padi Giyanto Giyanto; Ali Nurmansyah
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.2.67-75

Abstract

Penggunaan mikrob untuk pengendalian penyakit dan pupuk hayati telah dikembangkan sebagai alternatif bagi pengembangan pertanian ramah lingkungan. Upaya mendapatkan mikrob tersebut terus dilakukan dengan eksplorasi mikrob dari berbagai tipe habitat ekologi untuk mendapatkan yang diinginkan. Lahan gambut diduga mengandung banyak jenis mikrob khususnya bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai agens antagonis sekaligus pupuk hayati yang bermanfaat bagi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan galur bakteri yang berpotensi mengendalikan penyakit kresek atau hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae sekaligus sebagai pupuk hayati. Tahapan penelitian mencakup pengambilan sampel, isolasi bakteri asal lahan gambut serta uji potensinya sebagai agens hayati terhadap X. oryzae pv. oryzae, uji keamanan hayati, karakterisasi galur potensial, uji keefektifan bakteri sebagai agens antagonis sekaligus pupuk hayati in planta. Bakteri yang diisolasi dari tanah hutan gambut dan sawah bekas lahan gambut ialah sebanyak 134 isolat bakteri dan 40 di antaranya memiliki karakteristik morfologi yang berbeda. Sebanyak 14 galur bakteri asal tanah gambut mampu menekan perkembangan X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Karakterisasi 14 galur bakteri terhadap uji hypersensitive response, hemolisis agar-agar darah, kemampuan menambat nitrogen, siderofor yang dihasilkan, pelarut fosfat serta degradasi selulosa menghasilkan empat galur bakteri potensial. Keempat galur ini tidak berpotensi sebagai patogen terhadap tanaman maupun mamalia serta memiliki karakter sebagai pupuk hayati. Uji in planta empat galur bakteri ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri tersebut mampu menekan keparahan penyakit hawar daun pada padi serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan padi pada fase vegetatif.
Asap Cair Sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Ketahanan Tanaman Pisang terhadap Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis Muhammad Evan Nurrahmawan; Giyanto; Abdjad Asih Nawangsih; Erina Sulistiani
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 5 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.5.183-194

Abstract

Bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan diketahui rentan terhadap cekaman pada awal pertumbuhan di lapangan. Pra-pengondisian bibit menggunakan agens priming dilaporkan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman. Asap cair tempurung kelapa dilaporkan mampu memacu pertumbuhan dan menginduksi ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi pengaruh asap cair asal tempurung kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan dan aktivitas enzim ketahanan pada plantlet pisang Cavendish pada fase induksi perakaran serta penekanan R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis secara in vitro. Tahapan penelitian mencakup uji fitotoksisitas asap cair, analisis pertumbuhan plantlet, analisis aktivitas enzim peroksidase dan polifenol oksidase, isolasi R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis, dan uji toksisitas asap cair terhadap R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan asap cair pada konsentrasi ≥ 1.5% bersifat fitotoksik dengan gejala meliputi klorosis, nekrosis, terbentuk lendir dan kematian plantlet. Perlakuan asap cair pada konsentrasi ≤ 1% tidak bersifat fitotoksik, bahkan peningkatan pertumbuhan plantlet optimum ditunjukkan pada perlakuan asap cair 0.1%. Perlakuan asap cair menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas enzim ketahanan pada 2, 4 dan 6 hari setelah tanam (HST), tetapi menurun pada 30 HST. Selain itu, asap cair bersifat antibakteri melalui terbentuknya zona hambat dan menyebabkan penurunan nilai kerapatan sel R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi teknik priming untuk pengendalian penyakit darah pisang terutama pada bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan.
Potential of Bacterial Isolates from Peat Land as Controlling Agent for the Root Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne incognita Elvina Efendi; Supramana; Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 6 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.6.243-250

Abstract

Potential of Bacterial Isolates from Peat Land as Controlling Agent for the Root Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne incognita The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) is an important parasite of cultivated plants and have a wide host range. One of the potential alternative to controlling this pathogen is by utilizing non-pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the potential of bacteria from peat as a biological control agent for the root-knot nematodes (M. incognita). In vitro testing was conducted by using filtrate of 15 bacterial isolates against M. incognita juvenile 2 (J2) in a 5 cm petri dish. Fivety juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were added to 4.5 mL of bacterial filtrate and incubated at 27 ℃. Nematode mortality was observed at 6, 12, and 24 hours after treatment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The variables observed include the percentage of nematode mortality and the length of lethal exposure to nematodes. Physiological characterization test was carried out to the bacterial isolates including the production of HCN and chitinase enzymes. The results showed that nine bacterial isolates, that are GA2 GAA1, GT1 GTA7, GT1 GTB3, GT1 GTB4, GT1 GTB6, GT1 GTB7, GT1 GTC2, GT1 GTC4, and STDHC4 perform nematicidal activities with mortality level 83% to 94%. Three bacterial isolates, that are GT1 GTB4, GT1 GTB7, and GT1 GTC2 produce chitinase enzymes with lysis index above 1, but none of those isolates produce HCN. Bacterial isolates GT1 GTB4 and GT1 GTB7 had 99% homology with Serratia marcescens from China, and GT1 GTC2 had 99% homology with Streptomyces sp. AT67 from South Korea.
Co-Authors Abdjad Asih Nawangsih Agus Eko Prasetyo Aisyah Imas ALI NURMANSYAH Andi Takdir Anwar, Aswaldi Aprizal Zainal Aris Budiman Awaludin Hipi Bambang Nuryanto Dadang Dadang DAMAYANTI BUCHORI Dori Kusuma Jaya DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA Efi Toding Tondok Elvina Efendi Eny Widajati Erina Sulistiani Gustan Pari Gustan Pari Haliatur Rahma, Haliatur Herliyana Indahwardani Idham Sakti Harahap Imas Aisyah Indahwardani, Herliyana Kikin H Mutaqin Kikin H. Mutaqien Kresnamurti Kurniasih Leiwakabessy, Christoffol Mahardika Gama Pradana Meity S Sinaga, Meity S Meity Suradji Sinaga Meity Suradji Sinaga Meity Suradji Sinaga Meity Suradji Sinaga Meity Suradji Sinaga Memen Suharman, Memen Memen Surahman Mokhammad Danang Kusuma Mubin, Nadzirum Muhamad Syukur Muhammad Evan Nurrahmawan Muhammad Yasin Sonhaji Novik Nurhidayat RAHAYU WIDYASTUTI Ratna Sari Dewi Refa Firgiyanto Sandra Arifin Aziz Sanjaya, Wilhelmus Terang Arga Sarah Desmia Muchtar Sarah Desmia Muchtar Sarijan, Abdullah - Sarjiya Antonius Satoshi Nakamura Satriyas Ilyas Seiichi Furukawa Setiawan, Asep S Sudarsono, Sudarsono Sukma, Dewi Supramana Syaiful Khoiri Tefa, Anna TRI ASMIRA DAMAYANTI Trikoesoemaningtyas Tuminem ., Tuminem