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All Journal METAMORFOSA Journal of Biological Sciences Jurnal Veteriner Jurnal Biologi Udayana Bumi Lestari Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Undiksha Jurnal Ilmu Dasar BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology SIMBIOSIS Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora
Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi
Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Control & Systems Engineering Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Veterinary

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Comparison of Zinc ( Zn ) and Cadmium ( Cd ) Levels in Rhizophora Mangrove Species mucronata in Muara Tukad Badung, Bali Ferdinan, David Firman; Darmadi, Anak Agung Ketut; As-syakur, Abd. Rahman; Wijana, Made Sara
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment Vol 24 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Environmental Research Center (PPLH) of Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843//blje.2024.v24.i02.p04

Abstract

Mangrove forests are an ecosystem that has an important role and function for the environment. Mangrove forests have ecosystems that are very beneficial to humans directly or indirectly. Apart from that, the mangrove ecosystem also has other important functions, namely as a catcher of sediment and as a prevention of erosion and as a soil stabilizer in estuary areas. Data collection was carried out in March using several methods, namely BCF, TF, and Igeo. Sampling was carried out using the Rhizopora type of mangrove mucronata at 3 different stations. The heavy metals tested in this study were zinc ( Zn ) and cadmium ( Cd ). In the highest sediment values for Zn and Cd were 15.516 and 0.532 respectively. In water, the highest levels for Zn and Cd are 0.020 and 0.006 respectively. The highest BCF root values for Zn and Cd are 0.00896 and 0.0609 respectively. The highest leaf BCF values for Zn and Cd are 0.02417 and 0.04487 respectively. The highest TF values for Zn and Cd are 2.68784 and 0.92857 respectively. The Igeo value for Zn is in the unpolluted category and CD is in the slightly polluted category
In vitro assessment of antifungal activity of cinnamon leaves extract against the Colletotrichum sp. causes of anthracnose on tomato Sudirga, Sang Ketut; Darmadi, Anak Agung Ketut; Wijaya, I Made Saka; Yulihastuti, Dwi Ariani
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 24 No. 2 (2024): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.224284-294

Abstract

Tomato is a horticultural plant widely cultivated in Bali. Over the three years, the productivity and quality of this plant have tended to decrease due to pathogen-derived diseases, such as anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sp. Until recently, control of this pathogenic fungus has relied on chemical-based fungicides, which lead to many long-term complications, including pathogen resistance, environmental pollution, the extinction of non-target microorganisms, and negative impacts on human health. Therefore, alternative methods for plant disease control are urgently needed to combat these pathogen attacks. The use of plant-derived active compounds has been intensively researched worldwide as a more environmentally friendly alternative. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Cinnamomum burmanii acetone extract in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum sp., the causative agent of anthracnose in tomatoes, through an in vitro approach. A non-factorial randomized complete design was applied in the experiment. The results showed that the crude extract of cinnamon leaves inhibited the growth of the Colletotrichum sp. with an MIC value of 0.9%, an inhibition zone of 2.55 mm, and an optimal inhibitory concentration of 2%, producing an inhibition zone of 11.10 mm. A GC-MS analysis was conducted to identify the active compounds in the cinnamon leaf extract. Sixteen active compounds were identified, nine of which are known to have antimicrobial activity.
Daya Hambat Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Rosenbach dan Escherichia Coli Migula Aulia Nurbaiti; A. A. Ketut Darmadi; Sang Ketut Sudirga
Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Desember : Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora
Publisher : Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/khatulistiwa.v5i4.7933

Abstract

Cocoa fruit peel (Theobroma cacao L.) is an agricultural waste with potential as an antibacterial agent due to its bioactive compounds. Pathogenic bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, pose significant health problems, particularly due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. This creates a demand for alternative, safer, and more effective antibiotics. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cocoa fruit peel extract in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and identify the bioactive compound groups contained in the extract. The methods used in this study include maceration for the extraction of cocoa fruit peel, the well diffusion method to test the antibacterial activity of the crude extract, and phytochemical testing to identify the bioactive compounds in the extract. The results show that the crude extract of cocoa fruit peel can inhibit the growth of S. aureus with an inhibition zone diameter of 26.75 mm and E. coli with an inhibition zone diameter of 25.75 mm. The MIC test revealed that S. aureus was more sensitive to the extract, with an MIC at a concentration of 0.7%, resulting in an inhibition zone diameter of 5.35 mm, while E. coli showed an MIC at a concentration of 0.8%, with an inhibition zone diameter of 5.36 mm. The most effective concentration was 50%, with inhibition zone diameters of 20.56 mm against S. aureus and 21.06 mm against E. coli. Phytochemical testing showed that the cocoa fruit peel extract contains alkaloid, tannin, saponin, triterpenoid, and flavonoid compounds. Based on the results, cocoa fruit peel extract demonstrates potential as an effective natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus and E. coli.
In vitro antifungal activity of trembesi leaf extract [Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.] against Colletotrichum magnum Rossman & Allen, the causal agent of papaya anthracnose Ratnasari, Athalia; Darmadi, Anak Agung Ketut; Inabuy, Fainmarinat selviani; Sudatri, Ni Wayan
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.225317-327

Abstract

Papaya fruit production in Bali has decreased over the last three years (2020-2022). One of the contributing factors is infection by Colletotrichum spp., which causes anthracnose. Anthracnose is an airborne disease that infects various plant commodities including papaya. The use of chemical fungicides to control anthracnose can have negative impacts if used long-term. Trembesi [Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.] extract has previously been reported to possess antifungal, antiseptic, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and category of inhibitory activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Lethal Concentration 50% (LC??), and the phytochemical content of trembesi leaves. Methanol extract of trembesi leaves effectively inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum magnum at a concentration of 5%. The experiment used 11 treatments with 4 replications, including control (0% v/v) and extract concentrations of 1% to 10% (v/v), along with a positive control. The corresponding inhibition zone diameters were: 0.00 mm, 12.00 mm, 11.87 mm, 13.62 mm, 16.00 mm, 19.62 mm, 15.75 mm, 16.87 mm, 17.87 mm, 17.87 mm, 18.25 mm, and 20.87 mm, respectively. The minimum concentration of extract showing inhibitory activity (MIC) was 0.3%, while the LC?? value was 0.32%. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins in the trembesi leaf extract.
The THE POTENCY OF CINNAMON (Cinnamomum burmanni Blume) LEAF EXTRACT AS A BIOPRESERVATIVE AGENT FOR FOOD SAFETY OF SATE LILIT: - Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede; Ramona, Yan; Darmadi, Anak Agung Ketut; Suanda, I Wayan; Hani, Ni Luh; Shetty, Kalidas
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2165

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Cinnamon leaf extract combats E. coli in traditional Balinese food.- Natural preservative reduces harmful pathogens in sate lilit.- Cinnamon extract offers a safer alternative to synthetic preservatives.- Active compounds in cinnamon leaves inhibit bacterial growth.- Effective biopreservative for enhancing food safety and quality. ABSTRACTEscherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of the meat used in preparing sate lilit, a favorite traditional food in Bali, Indonesia, has been a great concern for both local people and foreigners. Although C. burmanni has been included in its spice ingredients, active compounds that play a significant role in this pathogen have limitedly been elucidated. The main objectives of this research were to investigate the potency of this plant to control contaminants and elucidate possible compounds that prevent such contaminants by applying the disk diffusion method and LCMS analysis, respectively. The results showed that the leaf extract of this plant inhibited the in vitro growth of E. coli O157:7, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and LC50 values of 4% and 2.59%, respectively. The LCMS analysis chromatogram showed that the plant extract's most active fraction produced nine peaks, representing nine possible active compounds. Among those, three compounds (Azoxystrobin, Stigmatellin Y, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) were suspected of contributing to control contamination, especially by E. coli O157:H7.
Co-Authors . Ramdhoani Abd. Rahman As-syakur Ainun Sida Alprida Yanti Andy Agustina Lande Aulia Nurbaiti Dwi Ariani Yulihastuti ENIEK KRISWIYANTI Ferdinan, David Firman Hani, Ni Luh I Gusti Ayu Sugi Wahyuni I Ketut Endra Primantara I Ketut Ginantra I Komang Alit Adi Sanjaya I Putu Gde Ardhana I Wayan Suanda Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa Ida Bagus Made Bramasta Wira bumi Ida Bagus Made Bramasta Wirabumi Inabuy, Fainmarinat selviani Inna Narayani Irawati Irawati IRIANI SETYAWATI Kadek Mardika Martin Joni NI KADEK LOSIANI Ni Luh Arpiwi Ni LUH ARPIWI NI NYOMAN DARSINI Ni Nyoman Wirasiti Ni Wayan Sudatri Putri Permata Ratnasari, Athalia Retno Kawuri Rochmalia Juniarti Putri SANG KETUT SUDIRGA SANG KETUT SUDIRGA Shetty, Kalidas Silviana Febrionita Meiskia Agung Sista Nirmala SURYANINGSIH - Wijana, Made Sara Wijaya, I Made Saka Wira bumi, Ida Bagus Made Bramasta Yan Ramona