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All Journal INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL AND FORENSIC SCIENCES e-GIGI Dentika Dental Journal Medical Journal of Indonesia Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Majalah Anestesia dan Critical Care JOURNAL LA MEDIHEALTICO Journal La Lifesci Indonesian Health Journal Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
Department Of Oral Biology, Faculty Of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Clinical Implications of Dental Injury Analysis in Forensic Odontology: A Review Article Khan, Muhammad S.; Suhartono, Antonius W.; Auerkari, Elza I.
e-GiGi Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v13i1.54118

Abstract

Abstract: Dental trauma is a common occurrence in forensic investigations and may provide important clues about the amount of damages and when they occurred, both of which are vital in court cases. Forensic pathologists and dentists work hand in hand to assess and diagnose oral injuries accurately, which is crucial for those who are alive and those who have passed away. In order to guarantee accurate forensic results, the need of standardizing procedures used in dental trauma analysis, such as clinical and radiographic tests, and the need of thorough documentation are very crucial. The many kinds of dental injuries, their causes, and how forensic applications help to identify victims and piece together are very important to be discussed. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of dental injury analysis, procedures and their implications in various cases within the scope of forensic odontology for efficient practice, highlighting the vital role of forensic odontology in medico-legal investigations via an in-depth review of the existing literature. Keywords: dental trauma; forensic odontologist; clinical examination; radiographic assessment; legal context
Pola Fraktur Kraniomaksilofasial Akibat Trauma Tumpul Terkait Identifikasi Forensik Meilana, Andi N. S. T.; Auerkari, Elza I.
e-GiGi Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v13i1.54227

Abstract

Abstract: Blunt trauma has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Traffic accidents, assaults or fights, falls, and accidents during sports are the leading cause of this trauma. The head and face areas are frequently the targets of blunt force attacks, and fatal cases are often attributed to trauma to these areas. The magnitude of the velocity and the surface area of ​​the blunt object will produce different oral craniofacial fracture patterns. This study aimed to obtain the pattern of craniomaxillofacial fracture patterns caused by blunt trauma and their relationship to various forensic cases. Craniomaxilofacial fractures divided into cranial, maxilofacial, and mandibular fractures are series of injuries resulting from blunt trauma that may present alone or in a combination of the three of them. This is due to the proximity of the anatomy of these three types of bones. Fracture patterns can be present around the trauma, and can also present far from the trauma area since the trauma will be directly transmitted to areas with lowest weak point. By knowing a fracture pattern, various forensic problems can be solved. Keywords: blunt trauma; fracture pattern; craniomaxillofacial fracture; forensic cases    Abstrak: Trauma tumpul memiliki tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup tinggi di dunia. Kecelakaan lalu lintas, perkelahian, Tindakan kekerasan, jatuh, serta kecelakaan saat berolahraga merupakan faktor-faktor utama penyebab jenis trauma ini. Area kepala dan wajah merupakan area yang paling sering menjadi target serangan benda tumpul, dan beberapa kasus fatal sering ditemukan akibat trauma pada daerah tersebut. Bentuk dan luas permukaan benda tumpul serta kecepatan hantaman akan menghasilkan pola fraktur kraniomaksilofasial yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola fraktur kraniomaksilofasial akibat trauma tumpul dan hubungannya pada berbagai kasus forensik. Fraktur kraniomaksilofasial yang terbagi atas fraktur kranial, maksilofasial, dan mandibula merupakan serangkaian cedera akibat trauma tumpul yang dapat hadir sendiri ataupun kombinasi ketiganya. Hal ini dikarenakan kedekatan anatomi dari ketiga jenis tulang ini. Pola fraktur dapat hadir di sekitar trauma, dan juga dapat hadir jauh dari area trauma. Hal ini dikarenakan dampak dari trauma akan langsung diteruskan ke daerah yang memiliki titik lemah paling rendah. Dengan mengetahui suatu pola fraktur maka berbagai masalah forensik dapat terpecahkan seperti merekonstruksi suatu kejadian, identifikasi jenis senjata, serta membantu proses pengadilan. Kata kunci: trauma tumpul; pola fraktur; fraktur kraniomaksilofasial; kasus forensik
Estimation of Time of Death through Observation of Microbiota Changes in the Oral Cavity Oktaviana, Fahriza R.; Gultom, Ferry P.; Pasaribu, Roben S.; Auerkari, Elza I.
e-GiGi Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v13i1.54461

Abstract

Abstract: Various methods for estimating post-mortem (PMI) have been investigated such as rigor mortis, livor mortis, molecular, chemical, and forensic entomology (insect) methods. However, these methods have weaknesses, therefore researchers are looking for more accurate methods in determining the time of death of a person. Molecular methods are unreliable due to the degradation of DNA, RNA, and proteins in corpses over time. In different parts of the body, the amount of diversity of microbes will be different. The oral cavity is the most abundant microbial area among other parts of the body due to its continuous exposure to the respiratory and digestive systems. This area has great potential in estimating time intervals of death because of its ease of access and the types of microbiomes that predominate at any given time. Therefore, this narrative review was conducted to describe studies that used oral microbiota communities to estimate post-mortem intervals. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes are the dominant microbial types found in corpses. Firmicutes became one of the dominant bacterial phyla in the early stages of decomposition. Actinobacteria were found to decrease as PMI increased. Studies have shown that the oral microbiome has excellent potential as a parameter to determine the post-mortem interval. However, further research is needed with more complex environmental conditions such as different humidity and temperature. In addition, further research requires more samples of human remains to obtain more valid results. Keywords: oral microbiome; post-mortem interval; human identification; forensic odontology
DNA Profiling, Bioinformatics and Databases in Forensics: Human Identification Purposes Meilana, Andi Nur Sakina Tri; Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim
Journal La Lifesci Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Journal La Lifesci
Publisher : Newinera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37899/journallalifesci.v5i1.1171

Abstract

Individual identification is an essential element in establishing truth the forensic investigation process, be it in criminal, medico-legal, or mass disasters case. When ante-mortem data are not available, the only thing that can be used is identification trough DNA. Alec Jeffrey, a geneticist (1984), found that certain regions of DNA contain repetitive sequences and the number of repetitions in individuals differs from one another. This identification method known as DNA profiling. DNA profiling is described as an important and significant discovery in forensics and has been considered as the standard in modern human identification. Until now, the recommended DNA profiling method must be based on the PCR to analyze degraded DNA and short-sized DNA (Short Tandem Repeats) through PCR amplification. In profiling, the result DNA amplification are analyzed through genetic markers (DNA Markers) and then matched into the database or compared with the collected reference samples. In the human genome, the genetic markers most frequently used in forensics are autosomal STR, Y-STR, mtDNA, X-STR, SNPs, and Amelogenin. Accomplishment of proving the suitability of DNA profiles, an application of bioinformatics in forensics is carried out. Bioinformatics is a combination of molecular biology and computer informatics that aims to manage and analyze data and store biological (genetic) information. DNA database is an application of bioinformatics in the form of special software which has become an important tool for biologists and forensics. This genetic database will predict the similarities between one DNA profile and another.
Radiographic Techniques For Estimating Dental Age: A Comparative Study Khan, Muhammad Salman; Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim; Suhartono, Antonius Winoto
Indonesian Health Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): Indonesian Health Journal
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/ihj.v3i3.574

Abstract

The determination of dental age using radiographic techniques has become a crucial method in forensic dentistry for estimating the chronological age of individuals, particularly in cases involving children and adolescents. This study aims to compare various radiographic techniques in estimating dental age based on tooth development. A comparative research method was employed, analyzing radiographic data from individuals aged 6 to 18 years. The data were collected using two primary techniques: panoramic and intraoral periapical, and analyzed using well-established methods such as the Demirjian and Nolla methods. The results showed that the Demirjian method had a higher accuracy rate compared to other methods, particularly in age estimation for individuals under 12 years old. The discussion highlights that differences in accuracy between techniques are due to better visualization of dental anatomical structures in some techniques. The conclusion of this study is that radiographic methods, especially the panoramic technique and the Demirjian method, are optimal choices for dental age estimation with high accuracy.  
Role of Tongue Print Examination in Forensic Odontology Identification Rusmaputeri, Fadhilah; Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim
Journal La Medihealtico Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal La Medihealtico
Publisher : Newinera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v6i2.1396

Abstract

The tongue is a part of the oral cavity that is easy to examine. The tongue is very well protected from the external environment so that it can be adequately examined even though some other body organs have been damaged. The tongue has identical characteristics in each individual, so it can be used to identify a person. Several studies have been conducted, it has been found that there is a tendency for particular features of the shape, size, and structure of the tongue to be different in men and women. Therefore, it can be utilized by forensic odontologists as a support in an individual identification process.
Age estimation of a skeletonized human remains using the mann and lamendin methods: a case report Sandi, Indah Maydila; Safitry, Oktavinda; Suhartono, Antonius Winoto; Pattihahuan, Ira Zefanya; Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 37, No 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol37no1.59297

Abstract

Introduction: An autopsy examines a deceased body to determine the cause of death. Forensic science applies scientific methods to aid law enforcement. After death, the body progresses through five decomposition stages: fresh, bloated, active decay, advanced decay, and skeletal, each providing crucial information for investigations. This case report purpose is to described age estimation of a skeletonized human remains using the mann and lamendin methods. Case Report: The body was in the skeletonization phase with partial soft tissue remaining on various body parts. No signs of trauma or bleeding were found on the bones. A total of 22 teeth were present, and three teeth were missing post-mortem. The biological age of the individual was estimated using Mann's method, which calculates age based on the palatal suture, followed by Lamendin's method, which uses the periodontosis, root height, and the transparency of the teet Conclusion: The estimation of the individual was more than 50 years using Mann’s method, and between 64 to 70 years using Lamendin’s method. This case demonstrates that forensic odontology provides  a non-invasive, cost-effective, and accurate approach for determining the age of a skeletonized remains by analyzing the sutura palatina and teeth.
Effectiveness of the Al Qahtani method in estimating gestational age in the context of an alleged illegal abortion : a case report Rijaldi, Ferdy; Yudy, Yudy; Prastyo, Eko; Soedarsono, Nurtami; Yuniastuti, Mindya; Satriyo, Juanda; Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 37, No 1 (2025): April 2025 (Supplements 1)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol37no1.58832

Abstract

Introduction: Age estimation is crucial in forensic and dental sciences, particularly for determining gestational age in suspected illegal abortion cases. This study highlights the significance of the Al Qahtani method, which focuses on dental development, as a reliable approach for estimating gestational age. Gestational age is commonly assessed through body length, weight, and the maturation of skeletal and dental structures, with radiographs serving as essential tools for evaluating dental development. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Al Qahtani method in estimating gestational age in the context of an alleged illegal abortion. Case report: The body of an unidentified infant was found on the side of the road, wrapped in a piece of white cloth and a brown sarung. It was transported to the hospital’s forensic department for identification. Periapical radiographs were taken of the anterior areas of the teeth, and the Al Qahtani method was employed to determine the age of the deceased infant. The radiographs provided a clear overview of dental maturation, which was essential for accurate age estimation. Conclusion: The Al Qahtani method is recommended as a standard practice in forensic odontology for estimating gestational age in abortion cases. This method contributes significantly to medical treatment, criminal investigations, and legal proceedings, enhancing the accuracy of age determination and supporting both medical and legal contexts.
Palatine suture obliteration method for age estimates of burn victims with minimal tooth remains: a case report Prastyo, Eko; Sari, Fitri Ambar; Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim; Suhartono, A. Winoto; Pasaribu, Roben Suhadi; Soedarsono, Nurtami; Zevrianty, Dieci; Yunus, Aditia Dedek; Auerkari, Pertti
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 58 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v58.i3.p295-300

Abstract

Background: A disaster is a serious disruption in the functioning of a society that can cause many losses. It can be caused by nature or humans. When the loss of life is on a large scale, the recovery process is made more complicated by simultaneous identification operations. Biological profiling is of paramount importance when investigating cases; the age at which a victim dies is crucial for reconstructing the victim’s life. Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to highlight the utility of palatal suture obliteration as a valuable indicator for age estimation in adults, especially when there are minimal remaining dental elements that make age estimation by other methods of dental analysis impossible. Case: The author presents a case of burn victims due to a fire disaster in the fuel oil terminal area in Jakarta that killed several victims. As they were found in a visually unrecognizable condition, without identity documents, and in a state where the victims’ teeth left few dental elements, effort is needed to assist in identifying the victims, including victim age estimation techniques with ideal methods that can be applied in the field. Case management: The Crow-Glassman Scale (CGS) is used to describe the extent of burns to tissue remnants. On external examination, all body parts showed the burns reaching level 3 CGS. The victim is estimated to be over 50 years old. Decision making is based on the guidelines of the Mann method, wherein if more than 50% of the anterior median palatine suture is obliterated, then the minimum estimated age is 50 years. Conclusion: The obliteration of the palatal sutures can be used as supporting evidence when considered alongside other more reliable age indicators that can narrow down the age of unidentified individuals.
The relationship between obliteration of coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid cranial sutures (ectocranial-endocranial) and biological age: a meta-analysis Satriyo, Juanda; Soedarsono, Nurtami; Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim; Gultom, Ferry Pergamus
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 37, No 2 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol37no2.59298

Abstract

Introduction: Age estimation using ectocranial and endocranial cranial sutures is an important technique in forensic science and forensic odontology. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the relationship, accuracy, and reliability of this method by reviewing findings from previously published studies. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant research published between 2019 and 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed original studies that applied cranial suture methods for age estimation on adult human cranial bone samples. Out of 23 identified articles, 7 met the criteria and were included in the quantitative analysis. Results: A moderate to strong positive correlation between the biological age of adults and the closure score of cranial sutures (coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid) both ectocranially and endocranially (r=0.58) with a 95% confidence interval [0.2928,0.7750]. Factors affecting accuracy include population variation, types of sutures evaluated, and scoring methods. Conclusion: This meta-analysis confirms that the cranial suture method has limited utility in forensic age estimation. Nevertheless, this technique can still provide additional information when used in conjunction with other skeletal and dental indicators. Standardization of methodology and further research are needed to improve the accuracy of cranial suture-based age estimation.
Co-Authors Andi Izham Antonius Winoto Suhartono, Antonius Winoto Astrid Dinda Hutabarat Auerkari, Pertti Benny M. Soegiharto Benso Sulijaya, Benso Christopher Talbot Dewi Nurul Mustaqimah Dewi Nurul Mustaqimah Eko Prastyo Fadli Jazaldi Ferry P. Gultom, Ferry P. Firdaus, Riyadh Gultom, Ferry Pergamus Januarrifianto, Desy Kaurow, Farah P. Kaurow, Farah Primadani Ken Sekar Langit Khan, Muhammad S. Khan, Muhammad Salman Kiranahayu, Rarasih Latief, Benny Sjariefsjah Lies Zubardiah Lies Zubardiah Meilana, Andi N. S. T. Meilana, Andi Nur Sakina Tri Mindya Yuniastuti Mustaqimah Dewi Nurul Mustaqimah Dewi Nurul Niniarty Zeiroeddin Djamal Noertami Soedarsono Nurtami Soedarsono Oktaviana, Fahriza R. Oktavinda Safitry Pasaribu, Roben S. Pasaribu, Roben Suhadi Pattihahuan, Ira Zefanya Rijaldi, Ferdy Rusmaputeri, Fadhilah Salman Khan, Muhammad Sandi, Indah Maydila Sari, Fitri Ambar Satriyo, Juanda Sri Lelyati C Masulili Suhartono, A. Winoto Suhartono, Antonius W. Sulistyani, Lilies Dwi Tienneke Riana Septiwidyati Yatma, Debby Yudy, Yudy Yunus, Aditia Dedek Zevrianty, Dieci