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Journal : Rechtenstudent Journal

Criminal Responsibility in Documents Forgery of Applying Credit Card Silvia Anggraini; Y. A Triana Ohowaitun; Ainul Azizah
Rechtenstudent Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Rechtenstudent April 2024
Publisher : Sharia Faculty, Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/rch.v5i1.324

Abstract

This research discusses criminal liability in cases of forgery of documents in credit card applications which contain an element of inclusion. Forgery of documents in Articles 263 to 276 of the Criminal Code. This research uses a normative juridical research method using three approaches, namely the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. Consisting of two problem formulations, namely 1) What is the article alleged by the Public Prosecutor in Decision no. 357/Pid.B/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst and Decision No. 358/Pid.B/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst are in accordance with the acts of participation carried out by the defendant? 2) What is the judge's consideration in handing down a decision against the perpetrator of the crime of document forgery in Decision No. 357/Pid.B/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst and Decision No. 358/Pid.B/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst are in accordance with the defendant's guilt? This research results that 1) the element of inclusion in the indictment made by the public prosecutor is not clear about the direction of participation, because the articles being targeted are different, so the indictment must be statedobsciuur libel. 2) the judge's considerations in handing down a decision regarding the criminal act of forgery of documents in decision no. 357/Pid.B/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst is in accordance with the defendant's error, namely fulfilling the element of error by intentionally falsifying a letter, and decision no. 358/Pid.B/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst has fulfilled the element of error by deliberately using a fake letter. However, because one of the elements of the indictment, namely the inclusion element, is considered unclear, one of the decisions must be null and void.
State Financial Losses Recovery Through Asset Forfeiture Raden Yudhi Teguh Santoso; Ainul Azizah; Gautama Budi Arundhati
Rechtenstudent Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Rechtenstudent August 2025
Publisher : Sharia Faculty, Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/rch.v6i2.342

Abstract

Indonesia, as a state governed by law (rechtstaat), guarantees the protection of its citizens' constitutional rights, including economic rights. However, the existence of corruption classified as an extraordinary crime has undermined the nation’s economic foundations and deprived the people of their economic entitlements. Law enforcement against corruption must not only focus on punishing perpetrators but also prioritize the recovery of state losses through the mechanism of asset forfeiture derived from criminal acts. This study examines the urgency and dynamics of asset forfeiture within the framework of Indonesia's positive law, including the relevance of Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001, and the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) of 2023. Furthermore, it discusses the concept of non-conviction based asset forfeiture and the need for a specific Asset Forfeiture Law as a manifestation of the state's commitment to restoring state finances and upholding the rule of law. This research also analyzes the strategic role of the Prosecutor's Office in the asset recovery process, as well as institutional challenges and inter-agency coordination issues in its implementation.
Legal Framework and Criminal Sanctions for Bitcoin-Based Narcotics Transactions Maria Dona Kristina Wati; Ainul Azizah; Fanny Tanuwijaya
Rechtenstudent Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Rechtenstudent August 2025
Publisher : Sharia Faculty, Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/rch.v6i2.347

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology has transformed the global financial landscape with the emergence of virtual currencies such as Bitcoin. As a decentralized digital asset based on blockchain technology, Bitcoin enables fast, anonymous, and cross-border transactions without central authority intervention. While these features offer convenience, they also pose risks of abuse in illegal activities, including narcotics transactions. In Indonesia, the use of Bitcoin in drug-related offenses presents complex legal challenges due to the absence of explicit criminal regulations governing such usage. This study examines the criminal liability of narcotics offenders who utilize Bitcoin, focusing on three core issues: the juridical basis for punishment, the characteristics of punishment under Indonesia’s legal system, and an ideal penal concept for the future. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. Findings indicate that punishment remains based on Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, with Bitcoin regarded as a means rather than a core element of the crime. Although it does not constitute a new offense, its use may aggravate punishment through individualized sentencing. Sanctions involving digital assets remain suboptimal due to regulatory gaps. Therefore, this study recommends revising criminal laws to explicitly regulate Bitcoin use in drug crimes, developing sentencing guidelines that consider technological factors, and formulating responsive penal policies, including asset seizure and inter-agency collaboration through blockchain forensic technology.