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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Jurnal Sain Veteriner BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA Microbiology Indonesia Biotropika Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology AGRIKAN Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis dan Perikanan Omni-Akuatika Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Ichthyology) Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Aquacultura Indonesiana Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan Journal of Fisheries & Marine
Murwantoko .
Departemen Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary

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Comparative Effects of Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic on Intestinal Barrier Function, Immune Responses, and Disease Resistance in Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Sasmitha Ritonga, Putri; Iradukunda, Joas; Helmiati, Senny; Triyanto, Triyanto; Indah Istiqomah; Murwantoko, Murwantoko; Isnansetyo, Alim; Herath, Tharangani
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 2026: IN PRESS ISSUE (JUST ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT, 2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

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Graphical Abstract Highlight Research 1. Synbiotic diets increased intestinal mucin-2 expression without affecting systemic pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β and TNF-α). 2. Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic treatment significantly increased non-specific immune responses, such as respiratory burst, phagocytic activity, and plasma protein levels. 3. Prebiotic-fed fish exhibited the greatest weight gain and protein efficiency, indicating better nutrient utilization. 4. A synbiotic cocktail (Bacillus tropicus PCP1, Lactococcus garvieae JAL37, and inulin) reduced mortality after Streptococcus agalactiae challenge, indicating its potential application for early disease prevention.   Abstract Aquaculture of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) has been constrained by outbreaks of Streptococcus agalactiae disease. The application of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has shown potential in modulating host immune responses. This research investigated the effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on immune-related gene expression, non-specific immune responses, and resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae in red hybrid tilapia. Fish were fed experimental diets supplemented with probiotics (Bacillus sp. PCP1 and Lactococcus sp. JAL37 at 10⁷ cells/g), prebiotic inulin (5 g/kg), and synbiotics for 2 months, in three replicates. The results showed that only the synbiotic treatment increased intestinal mucin-2 gene expression, while all treatments enhanced non-specific immune responses through increased respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis, and total plasma protein. The highest growth performance was observed in fish receiving prebiotic supplementation. In the Streptococcus agalactiae challenge test, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation delayed the onset of mortality until day 4 post-infection. The study concluded that dietary prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation differentially reprogrammed innate immune gene expression in the intestine of red hybrid tilapia, leading to distinct immune responses, increased early resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae infection, and enhanced fish growth. A synbiotic comprising Bacillus sp. PCP1, Lactococcus sp. JAL37, and inulin is advisable to serve as a health management tool prior to immunization.
Co-Authors . Triyanto Adhimas Febri Aryantojati Alifia, Frida Alim Isnansetyo Alim Isnansetyo ALIM ISNANSETYO Anshory, Lutfi Aushia Tanzih Al Haq Bambang Triyatmo Cahya Kurnia Fusiyanto Ch. Retna Handayani Chio Oka Chio Oka, Chio Christina Retna Handayani Christina Retna Handayani, Christina Retna Condro, Sri Laksono Dewi Nur'aeni Setyowati Dewi Susanti Dimas A. Pamungkas Djumanto Djumanto Djumanto Djumanto Dwi Lantiani Eka Diniarti Eko Setyobudi Eko Suyanto Ekowati Chasanah EKOWATI CHASANAH Gemi Triastutik Handayani, Desy Putri Herath, Tharangani Hidayani, Mesalina Tri Hidayat, Hanindya Fairuzia INDAH ISTIQOMAH Indah Istiqomah Iradukunda, Joas Ismail, Norshida JAKA WIDADA Kamiso H. Nitimulyo Kolokaring, Priscilla Yolanda Pramesti Latifah, Ma'rufa Nurul Lusiana, Lusiana Lutfi Anshory Lutfi Anshory Mahasin, Faiz Masashi Kawaichi Masashi Kawaichi Masashi Kawaichi, Masashi Melki Melki Mesalina Tri Hidayani Muhammad Nursid MUHAMMAD NURSID Murti, Fauziah Arelia Usmiara Namastra Probosunu Nani S. Rahayu Nastiti Wijayanti Ngurah S. Yasa Ngurah Sedana Yasa Niken Astuti, Niken Niken S. N. Handayani Niken S.N. Handayani Nur Lailatul Fitrotun Nikmah Nuraeni L Rapi Praditha Novianingrum Rarastoeti Pratiwi Rarastoeti Pratiwi Ratih Ida Adharini Ristyana Dewi Hernawati Riza Yuliratno Setiawan Roosita Diana Rozi Rozi Sasmitha Ritonga, Putri Senny Helmiati Sitty Ainsyah Habibie Sri Rejeki Subagus Wahyuono Subagus Wahyuono Subagus Wahyuono Sutopo A. Wibowo Syakuri, Hamdan Syarifah, Rizka Fauziana T. Trijoko Toni Kuswoyo Tony Budi Satriyo Tri Hidayani, Mesalina Triastutik, Gemi Triyanto . Triyanto Triyanto Triyanto Triyanto Yani Lestari Nuraini Yani Lestari Nuraini, Yani Lestari Yasa, Ngurah Sedana Yasir Saifur Rahman Yuliana S. Rahayu Zafran, Zafran