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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini JCES (Journal of Character Education Society) EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN Jurnal Pendidikan Diseminasi : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat International Journal of Emerging Issues in Early Childhood Education (IJEIECE) Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research Jurnal KALANDRA Ghaitsa: Islamic Education Journal CEMARA: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Multidisiplin

Siti Aisyah

Universitas Terbuka

Author-ID : 2518111

Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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KARYA VISUAL ANAK USIA DINI DEVELOPING VISUAL ART IN EARLY CHILDHOOD Settings Siti Aisyah
Jurnal Pendidikan Vol. 15 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Early childhood need proper media when they want to express their willingnesses and feelings due to they havent got verbal communication ability well. Pictures or visual art can be used as media that can depicture children feelings when they can not talk. In more mature age phase, pictures or visual art made by children can be rendered as expressive media to measure perceptions they have. Hence, pictures can be made as aid media to develop language skill to children. There are some steps that need to be conducted for giving stimulus that can produce visual art containing typical original story for children. Creating visual art is one of steps that can be conducted to enhance kinds of intelligence components in early age children. Besides, it is used to develop spatial-visual intelligence in the children, creating visual art can be proceeded as one of ways of developing language creativity. Utilizing visual art can enact the children more helpful in narrating about something. Describing a thing experienced by the children then narrates it, is one of step for them in expressing their feelings on something. Therefore, by means of visual creation development, a teacher is be able to increase children capabilities in communication and their ability in intellectual. Anak usia dini membutuhkan media yang tepat ketika akan mengungkapkan keinginan serta perasaannya saat mereka belum memiliki kemampuan komunikasi verbal yang baik. Gambar atau karya visual dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media yang menceritakan perasaan anak ketika mereka tidak berbicara. Pada tahapan usia yang lebih matang, gambar atau karya visual yang dibuat oleh anak-anak dapat dijadikan sebagai media ekspresi serta untuk mengukur wawasan yang dimiliki oleh mereka. Karena itu, gambar dapat dijadikan sebagai media yang membantu mengembangkan keterampilan berbahasa pada anak. Agar dapat menghasilkan karya visual yang kaya dengan cerita asli khas anak-anak, banyak langkah yang perlu dilakukan untuk memberi stimulus. Menciptakan karya visual adalah salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengembangkan berbagai komponen kecerdasan pada anak usia dini. Selain untuk mengembangkan kecerdasan visual-spasial pada anak, menciptakan karya visual dapat dilakukan sebagai salah satu cara pengembangan kreativitas berbahasa. Menggunakan karya visual membuat anak-anak lebih terbantu dalam bercerita mengenai suatu hal. Menggambarkan hal yang dialami oleh anak kemudian menceritakannya adalah merupakan salah satu jalan bagi mereka mengekspresikan perasaannya terhadap sesuatu. Dengan demikian, melalui pengembangan karya visual, guru dapat meningkatkan kemampuan anak dalam berkomunikasi serta peningkatan kemampuan berpikirnya.

DESIGNING KANTIN KEJUJURAN CORNER AT SMP NEGERI 1 KEMANG, BOGOR REGENCY ANDAYANI ANDAYANI; Budi HERMAINI; Dian NOVITA; Monika HANDAYANI; Siti AISYAH
Diseminasi: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat- LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Located in Tegal Village, Kemang District, Bogor Regency, SMP Negeri 1 Kemang is the only secondary school for the children from the surrounding villages. The local government has the expectation for the school to excel in various aspects, such as to develop the school to be a Secondary School with Exemplary Character. The development of Kantin Kejujuran (lit: Honesty Canteen) is expected to raise the students’ awareness of the importance of honesty. The development began in 2017, and it focused on the development of physical facilities. Along such development, initial assessment on the perception of students and teachers towards the value of honesty was conducted using the Likert scale. Open questionnaires were distributed to get the general idea of teachers and students’ expectation towards Kantin Kejujuran. In the designing process, it was found that there are similarities between the students’ and teachers’ perceptions towards the value of honesty, in which it is considered important and needs to be developed. The procedure of using Kantin Kejujuran in accordance with the characteristics of the students needed to be developed from 2018.

PENGUATAN KARAKTER UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI METODE BERCERITA Mukti Amini; Ngadi Marsinah; Titi Chandrawati; Budi Hermaini; Muman Hendra Budiman; Siti Aisyah; Sri Tatminingsih; Untung Laksana Budi
Diseminasi: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 1A (2022)
Publisher : Pusat Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat- LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/diseminasiabdimas.v4i1A.2970

Karakter pada anak perlu dikembangkan sejak dini oleh pendidik, baik di rumah (Pendidikan informal) maupun di Lembaga PAUD (Pendidikan formal). Pengembangan karakter ini perlu dilakukan secara kreatif agar anak merasa nyaman, tidak merasa terpaksa dalam membangun karakter yang diharapkan. Salah satu bentuk pengembangan karakter yang sangat disukai anak adalah melalui metode bercerita. Namun, kemampuan bercerita dengan berbagai media pada guru PAUD saat ini belum terstandar. Ada beberapa guru yang memang sudah mahir bercerita, sehingga anak-anak sangat asyik menyimaknya. Namun banyak guru PAUD yang masih perlu mengembangkan kemampuan bercerita bagi anak untuk mengembangkan karakter. Abdimas ini bertujuan untuk: (1) memberikan pelatihan tentang penguatan karakter anak usia dini melalui metode bercerita ini bagi Guru PAUD, (2) mengenalkan anak usia dini dengan metode bercerita dengan cara yang sesuai dengan anak usia dini, (3) mengintegrasikan kegiatan menari dengan kegiatan bermain ke dalam pembelajaran PAUD. Kegiatan dilakukan di PAUDQu Darul Ulum, Jabon Mekar. Bogor. Berdasar pengamatan dan wawancara dengan para guru di PAUDQu, kegiatan abdimas dengan memberikan pendampingan penggunaaan metode bercerita ini sangat bermanfaat karena anak menjadi lebih bersemangat saat belajar, guru lebih mudah mengarahkan anak, guru mendapatkan berbagai masukan berharga dari tanya jawab dengan anak usai bercerita, dan guru dapat sekaligus merancang pelibatan orang tua melalui kegiatan bercerita.

PEMBERDAYAAN GURU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN LITERASI PARENTING Mutiara Magta; Khaerul Anam; Andayani Andayani; Mukti Amini; Sri Tatminingsih; Siti Aisyah; Mohamad Hariyono
JCES (Journal of Character Education Society) Vol 5, No 3 (2022): Juli
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jces.v5i3.8971

Abstrak: Salah satu penguatan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat terutama dalam pendidikan dan perkembangan anak usia dini adalah dengan adanya program pendidikan orangtua atau yang sering disebut parenting. Di masa pandemi covid 19 pendidikan parenting untuk orangtua sangat dibutuhkan. Kesibukan orangtua yang harus membagi perhatian antara pekerjaan dan mendampingi anak belajar di rumah tentu menjadi tantangan yang tidak mudah dihadapi orangtua. Sekolah sebagai agen perubahan ikut bertanggungjawab terhadap pendidikan anak di rumah selama pandemic berlangsung sehingga perlu memberikan penguatan kepada orangtua tentang literasi parenting hal ini bertujuan agar orangtua dapat mendampingi anak belajar di rumah. Berdasarkan identifikasi diketahui tidak semua guru paham bagaimana harus menjalin komunikasi dan bekerjasama dengan orangtua terkait perkembangan anak. Dinas pendidikan Kota Tangerang Selatan bekerjasama dengan fakultas ilmu keguruan Universitas Terbuka mengusahakan memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan literasi parenting kepada guru SD dan TK agar guru-guru orang dapat melaksanakan program parenting di sekolahnya. Pelatihan ini diikuti 35 guru dari 9 sekolah dengan menggunakan metode webinar dan pedampingan oleh fasilitator. Hasilnya diperoleh 7 dokumen program parenting dengan topik membangun komunikasi empatik, peran guru dan orangtua dalam membangun kesiapan bersekolah dan sinkronisasi pendampingan pembelajaran daring antara guru dan orang tua. Abstract: One of strengthening of society life especially education and development of early childhood education is parenting program at school. In pandemic situations, education for parents is very needed. The busy parents must share attention between the job and the accompaniment their kids were learning at home that could be a challenge for parents. As an agent of change, the school has a responsibility to the children's education at home, so that the school has to strengthen the parents. Based on identification it is known that most of the teachers did not understand how to communicate and do teamwork with parents about the development of children. The South Tangerang City education Office in collaboration with the faculty of teacher training of Open University seeks to provide parenting literacy training and accompaniment to elementary and kindergarten teachers so that the teachers can implement parenting programs in their school. This training was attended by 35 teachers from 9 schools using the webinar method and mentoring by facilitators. The results obtained 7 documents parenting program with the topic of building empathic communication, the role of teachers and parents in building school readiness, and synchronizing online learning assistance between teacher and parents.

Development of Thinking Skills in Early Childhood Siti Aisyah
International Journal of Emerging Issues in Early Childhood Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019): May Volume
Publisher : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Terbuka

This research aims to obtain empirical data on the effect of reading method and thinking skills toward intelligence language of early childhood. Thus the researchers wanted to investigate the causal relationship between the reading method and thinking skills with the intelligence language of children by giving treatment to the experimental group and compared it with the control group. This study used a treatment design by level 2 x 2 be In the design, each of the independent variables are classified into two sides, includes action variable that is reading methods (A) are classified into the Big Book Methods (A1) and Syllables Method (A2). Whereas moderator variables that is thinking skills (B), are classified based on high and low level into high-level thinking skills (B1) and low-level thinking skills (B2). ANOVA calculation results showed that language skills of children who followed reading activities by using the Big Book method is higher than the language skills of children who attend reading activities by using Syllables method. Thus, there is the effect of the application of the Big Book method and Syllables methods toward language skills of children.

Analisis Layanan Website Pembelajaran dan Implikasinya pada Pendidikan Tinggi Terbuka Jarak Jauh Fitra Jaya; Siti Aisyah; Ucu Rahayu; Mutiara Magta; Suci Nurhayati
EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN Vol 5, No 2 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/edukatif.v5i2.4768

Sistem pendidikan terbuka dan jarak jauh merupakan sistem pendidikan yang sangat erat kaitannya dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam memfasilitasi keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Guru Pintar Online (GPO) merupakan salah satu portal di dalam situs resmi Universitas Terbuka yang dikembangkan sebagai bentuk kontribusi dan dedikasi Universitas Terbuka pada dunia pendidikan dan pengembangan kompetensi guru berkelanjutan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasai implikasi dari website GPO, serta mendapat gambaran website yang ideal bagi pengembangan kompetensi guru dalam sistem pendidikan jarak jauh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini di ikuti oleh 526 responden yang tersebar dari 11 program studi yang ada di lingkungan Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Terbuka. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya unsur kegunaan, kualitas informasi dan kualitas interkasi layanan dalam pengembangan website. Dalam pendidikan jarak jauh website pembelajaran diperlukan untuk memfasilitasi guru atau calon guru dalam pengembangan komptensi secara berkelanjutan. Website pembelajaran hendaknya menampilkan desain tampilan yang sesuai dengan perkembangan jaman, sistematik, menarik, dan bermanfaat dalam pengembangan kompetensi penggunanya.

MOOCS PARENTING SEBAGAI UPAYA PELIBATAN ORANGTUA PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK INDONESIA Mukti Amini; Siti Aisyah; Mutiara Magta; Dian Novita
Diseminasi: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Pusat Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat- LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/diseminasiabdimas.v5i1.5045

Various parties, especially parents, can carry out children's education. Education by parents is included in the informal channel. To properly educate children, parents need to receive adequate provisions so that parents can educate and care for their children based on their needs and the development of children. This provision can be provided in various formats, including online training packaged as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Parenting. MOOCs Parenting, prepared by the ECE-UT study program team, consists of 6 main topics: child growth and development, healthy eating, the concept of playing in children, playing time, discipline, and effective discipline. For each subject, a discussion space is provided to discuss the topic according to the time allotted. In addition, independent exercises and formative tests are also offered in each case as feedback to participants on the issues raised. At the end of the Moocs session, a competency test was given, which consisted of 20 objective questions that tested participants' mastery of the six previous topics. Participants who actively complete all issues and take competency tests will receive a certificate. In 2022, Moocs parenting has been opened starting in July 2022 and is being attended by 119 participants. Currently, some participants have been able to complete the MOOCs online training and are entitled to a certificate. At the end of the session, a MOOCs evaluation form was also prepared, which was helpful for managers in ECE-UT study programs to make improvements to Moocs Parenting from time to time.Key words: MOOCs, ParentingABSTRAKPendidikan anak dapat dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak, terutama orang tua. Pendidikan oleh orang tua ini termasuk dalam jalur informal. Agar dapat mendidik anak dengan tepat, orang tua perlu mendapat pembekalan yang memadai, agar orang tua dapat mendidik dan mengasuh anaknya berdasarkan kebutuhan dan perkembangan anak. Bekal ini dapat disediakan dalam berbagai format, antara lain melalui pelatihan daring yang dikemas dalam bentuk Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Parenting. MOOCs Parenting yang disiapkan tim prodi PGPAUD UT terdiri dari 6 topik utama yaitu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, makan sehat, konsep bermain pada anak, waktu bermain, disiplin, disiplin efektif. Pada setiap topik disediakan ruang diskusi untuk membahas topik sesuai waktu yang disediakan. Selain itu juga disediakan latihan mandiri dan tes formatif pada tiap topik, sebagai umpan balik pada peserta terhadap topik yang diangkat. Pada akhir sesi MOOCs diberikan uji kompetensi yang terdiri dari 20 soal objektif yang menguji penguasaan peserta terhadap keenam topik sebelumnya. Peserta yang aktif menyelesaikan semua topik dan mengerjakan uji kompetensi akan mendapatkan sertifikat. Pada tahun 2022 ini, MOOCs parenting telah dibuka mulai bulan Juli 2022, dan diikuti 115 peserta. Saat ini, sebagian peserta telah mampu menyelesaikan pelatihan daring MOOCs dan berhak mendapatkan sertifikat. Pada akhir sesi juga disiapkan form evaluasi MOOCs yang berguna bagi pengelola di prodi PGPAUD UT untuk melakukan penyempurnaan MOOCs Parenting ini dari waktu ke waktu.

Digital Literacy Learning Module Improves Knowledge of Healthy Food in Indonesian PAUD Students Siti Aisyah; Dian Novita; Trini Prastati; Titi Chandrawati; Anita Chandra Dewi Sagala
Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/paud.v11i1.55120

Children are active in online activities, especially on social media. It leads to an urgent need to increase digital literacy early to minimize the risks of online harm. This study analyzes the effectiveness of digital literacy modules and learning media in the COVID-19 pandemic by using digital learning resources such as videos and electronic books. This type of research is quantitative. The method used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study was 219 people, namely early childhood 5-6 years, teachers, and parents. The data collection technique for this research used a pre-test and post-test and a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is paired t-test. The study results demonstrate the relevance and applicability of e-learning modules in content and structure for children, particularly in developing awareness about healthy eating. It was concluded that digital literacy learning modules and media were quite effective and made it easier for students to absorb learning material from teachers with diverse backgrounds and abilities.

PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERMAINAN KOMPREHENSIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU PAUD Sri Tatminingsih; Budi Hermaini; Mukti Amini; Titi Chandrawati; Siti Aisyah; Tedjo Djatmiko
Diseminasi: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Pusat Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat- LPPM Universitas Terbuka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33830/diseminasiabdimas.v5i2.6307

Setiap guru PAUD harus memiliki kompetensi pedagogik, khususnya kompetensi dalam merancang bahan belajar dan menerapkan pembelajaran menggunakan bahan belajar yang sesuai dengan perkembangan anak didiknya. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) Dosen Pendidikan Guru PAUD Universitas Terbuka (PGPAUD UT) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik Guru PAUD melalui kegiatan pengembangan alat permainan komprehensif (APK). Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan melalui kegiatan luring dan daring. Mitra adalah Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Pandeglang dengan peserta 20 guru PAUD/TK yang berasal dari 10 lembaga terpilih. Pengukuran pencapaian PkM dilihat dari produk APK dan Sertifikat HKI yang dihasilkan dan hasil asesmen yang dilakukan terhadap semua peserta. Hasil PkM adalah lima produk APK, lima sertifikat HKI dan peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik sebesar 37%. Rekomendasi yang dapat disampaikan adalah kegiatan Pengembangan APK dapat dilanjutkan dan disebarkan kepada guru-guru PAUD di berbagai wilayah lainnya dan Guru yang telah mengikuti kegiatan ini dapat menyebarkan ilmu dan pengalamannya kepada sejawatnya. Every PAUD teacher must have pedagogical competence, especially competence in designing learning materials and implementing learning using learning materials that are appropriate to the development of their students. Community service activities (PkM) for PAUD Teacher Education Lecturers at the Open University (PGPAUD UT) aim to improve the pedagogical competence of PAUD Teachers through comprehensive game tool development activities (APK). The implementation method is carried out through offline and online activities. The partner is the Pandeglang Regency Education and Culture Office with 20 PAUD/TK teachers participating from 10 selected institutions. The measurement of PkM achievement can be seen from the APK products and IPR Certificates produced and the results of assessments carried out on all participants. The results of PkM are five APK products, five IPR certificates, and an increase in pedagogical competence of 37%. The recommendation that can be made is that APK development activities can be continued and distributed to PAUD teachers in various other regions and teachers who have participated in this activity can spread their knowledge and experience to their colleagues.

Analysis of Student Engagement: ECE Educators Teaching Skills Strengthening Courses in Distance Education Siti Aisyah; Widiasih; Sandra Sukmaning Adji; Andayani; Suryo Prabowo; Siti Hadianti; Zakirman
Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini Vol 16 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini Volume 16 Number 2 November 2022
Publisher : Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

Early childhood teacher education programs must figure out how to effectively educate the workforce as classrooms become more diverse due to children varied cultural backgrounds and skills. This study aims to analyse student involvement in the Strengthening of Early Childhood Educators Teaching Skills course in distance education. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research participants were 405 students of the Department of Early Childhood Education, consisting of 90% women aged between 20-55 years and an average age of 31 years. The research findings show that at the level of academic challenge, most students agree that the ECE Educators Teaching Skills Strengthening (TSS) course brings new ideas and certain experiences and is very helpful in applying theory or concepts to practical problems. Indicators of active/collaborative learning indicate that hands-on experiences help students work more effectively with others. Meanwhile, the student-faculty interaction component shows that they have carried out two-way discussions regarding material assessment and practice. Additionally, online tutorials have provided quick feedback on assignments and guidance in compiling practice reports. The student learning experience is greatly helped by the TSS course. Students acquire new knowledge and skills to support their profession as teachers. Keywords: early childhood educators, engagement, teaching skill, distance education References: Ackerman, D. J. (2004). What do teachers need? Practitioners’ perspectives on early childhood professional development. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 24(4), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/1090102040240409 Bolliger, D. U., & Martin, F. (2018). Instructor and student perceptions of online student engagement strategies. Distance Education, 39(4), 568–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1520041 Cherrington, S., & Thornton, K. (2013). Continuing professional development in early childhood education in New Zealand. Early Years, 33(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2013.763770 Duhn, I., Fleer, M., & Harrison, L. (2016). Supporting multidisciplinary networks through relationality and a critical sense of belonging: Three ‘gardening tools’ and the Relational Agency Framework. International Journal of Early Years Education, 24(3), 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2016.1196578 Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059 Fredricks, J., Filsecker, M. K., & Lawson, M. A. (2016). Student engagement, context, and adjustment: Addressing definitional, measurement, and methodological issues. Learning and Instruction, 43, 1–4. Hollis, L. P. (2018). Ghost-Students and the New Wave of Online Cheating for Community College Students. New Directions for Community Colleges, 2018(183), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.20314 Jensen, B., Holm, A., & Bremberg, S. (2013). Effectiveness of a Danish early year preschool program: A randomized trial. International Journal of Educational Research, 62, 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2013.06.004 Jensen, B., Jensen, P., & Rasmussen, A. W. (2017). Does professional development of preschool teachers improve children’s socio-emotional outcomes? Labour Economics, 45(C), 26–39. Jensen, P., & Rasmussen, A. W. (2019). Professional Development and Its Impact on Children in Early Childhood Education and Care: A Meta-Analysis Based on European Studies. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 63(6), 935–950. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2018.1466359 Kang, M., & Im, T. (2013). Factors of learner–instructor interaction which predict perceived learning outcomes in online learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(3), 292–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12005 Kim, H., Sefcik, J. S., & Bradway, C. (2017). Characteristics of Qualitative Descriptive Studies: A Systematic Review. Research in Nursing & Health, 40(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21768 Kim, S., Raza, M., & Seidman, E. (2019). Improving 21st-century teaching skills: The key to effective 21st-century learners. Research in Comparative and International Education, 14(1), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499919829214 Martin, F., Wang, C., & Sadaf, A. (2018). Student perception of helpfulness of facilitation strategies that enhance instructor presence, connectedness, engagement and learning in online courses. Internet and Higher Education, 37(1), 52–65. Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (2011). Distance Education: A Systems View of Online Learning. Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.ls/books?id=dU8KAAAAQBAJ Muir, T., Milthorpe, N., Stone, C., Dyment, J., Freeman, E., & Hopwood, B. (2019). Chronicling engagement: Students’ experience of online learning over time. Distance Education, 40(2), 262–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2019.1600367 Nguyen, T. D., Cannata, M., & Miller, J. (2018). Understanding student behavioral engagement: Importance of student interaction with peers and teachers. The Journal of Educational Research, 111(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2016.1220359 Quin, D. (2017). Longitudinal and Contextual Associations Between Teacher–Student Relationships and Student Engagement: A Systematic Review. Review of Educational Research, 87(2), 345–387. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316669434 Schachter, R. E. (2015). An Analytic Study of the Professional Development Research in Early Childhood Education. Early Education and Development, 26(8), 1057–1085. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.1009335 Shackelford, J. L., & Maxwell, M. (2012). Sense of community in graduate online education: Contribution of learner-to-learner interaction. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(4), 228. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v13i4.1339 Tuovinen, J. E. (2000). Multimedia Distance Education Interactions. Educational Media International, 37(1), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/095239800361473 Vlachopoulos, D., & Makri, A. (2019). Online communication and interaction in distance higher education: A framework study of good practice. International Review of Education, 65(4), 605–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-019-09792-3

Co-Authors ANDAYANI ANDAYANI Anita Chandra Dewi . . Budi HERMAINI Catherine Lie Dian Novita Erie Siti Syarah Jaya, Fitra Jihan Kristal Yasmin Khaerul Anam Linawati Linawati Mohamad Hariyono Monika Handayani Mukti Amini Muktia Pramitasari Muman Hendra Budiman Musakkid Himphinit Mustapa, Noviana Mutiara Magta Ngadi Marsinah Nursyahidah binti Khalid Puspitasari, Kristanti Ambar Raden Sumratul Handayani Sandra Sukmaning Adji Siti Hadianti Siti Julaeha Sri Tatminingsih Sri Tatminingsih Suci Nurhayati Sudirman Sukarno Suryanti Suryo Prabowo Susy Puspitasari Tedjo Djatmiko Titi Chandrawati TRINI PRASTATI Ucu Rahayu Untung Laksana Budi Waliatun isnaini Widiasih Wienda Gusta Zakirman

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