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Al-Islâm Wa Ushûl Al-Hukm: Delegitimasi Institusi Khilâfah Harir Muzakki
Ulumuna Vol 9 No 2 (2005): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/ujis.v9i2.495

Setelah peristiwa penghapusan institusi khilâfah oleh Mustafa Kemal Attaturk di Turki tahun 1924, ‘Alî ‘Abd al-Râziq memberikan sumbangan pemikirannya dengan menulis buku yang berjudul Al-Islâm wa Ushûl al-Hukm (Islam dan Dasar-dasar Pemerintahan) tahun 1925. Buku tersebut merupakan reaksi atas penghapusan sistem khilâfah. Sementara itu, Rasyîd Ridlâ dan kawan-kawannya dari al-Azhar sedang bersemangat mempersiapkan muktamar Akbar Islam di Kairo dalam rangka menghidupkan kembali lembaga khilâfah. Munculnya buku itu menimbulkan polemik dan perdebatan di kalangan masyarakat ilmiyah Mesir, bahkan negara-negara Arab dan dunia Islam pada umumnya.

Pesantren Tradition and the Existence of Tarekat Syattariyah in the Java War of 1825-‎‎1830‎ Moh Ashif Fuadi; Moh. Mahbub; Martina Safitry; Usman Usman; Dawam Multazamy Rohmatulloh; M. Harir Muzakki
TSAQAFAH Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Tsaqafah Jurnal Peradaban Islam
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7666

The Java War had its unique influence on the development of pesantren. Prince Diponegoro plays the struggle against the invaders with some of his soldiers who come from among the pesantren. After his defeat in the Java War of 1825-1830, many Diponegoro warriors spread to teach religion. This research will discuss the sustainability of the struggle of Diponegoro warriors in pesantren and the Islamic treasures of the Java War, such as strengthening pesantren traditions and the existence of tarekat syattariyah (syattariyah order). This research is classified as historical research through Kuntowijoyo's historical research methods: topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. This research yielded several conclusions, namely: First, after its defeat in the Java war, the struggle of Diponegoro warriors with a cleric-santri background continued through the establishment of pesantren with a change in strategy more to intellectual strengthening. Second, intellectual traditions during the Java War, one of which was through the study of yellow books typical of pesantren with fiqh and Sufi patterns such as Fatḥ al-Qarîb and Tuḥfah al-Mursalah ila Rûḥ al-Nabiy. Third, the existence of the tarekat syattariyah that had an anti-colonial character at that time was quite popular in Java, made the order followed by prince Diponegoro and some of his soldiers. Fourth, when compared to the Padri War, the typology of da'wah struggle developed by Diponegoro warriors is more moderately patterned identically to Walisongo's accommodating character.

Endogamous Marriage of Prophet's Descendants on the Perspective of Sociology of Islamic Law Fauzan; Abdul Qodir Zaelani; M. Harir Muzakki; Imam Syafi'i; Bustomi
Al-Ihkam, Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Vol 18 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia IAIN Madura collaboration with The Islamic Law Researcher Association (APHI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i1.7132

This study aims to comprehensively describe the endogamous marriages of the Prophet Muhammad's descendants from the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law. The marriage mainly occurs in syarīfah (the female descendants); they are required to marry the prospectives from ḥabīb (male descendants) groups only. Endogamous marriage will be explored holistically by clarifying the reciprocal relationship between social change and Islamic law among syarīfah. This field research examines the enactment of the law in social life. It used a sociological Islamic law approach to reveal the facts about endogamous marriage in Bangil, East Java, Indonesia, because many of the Prophet's descendants live there. Data collection techniques were interviews and literature search, while the analysis technique used is Miles and Hubermen's analytical procedure. After conducting in-depth research, a conclusion was found that endogamous marriage among syarīfah in Bangil is a form of obedience to customs passed down across generations since their ancestors, namely the tradition of marrying someone of equal lineage. Endogamous marriages have been maintained to this day due to religious teachings, the spirit of protecting the Prophet's family, and the social conditions of those who support its preservation.

Pesantren Tradition and the Existence of Tarekat Syattariyah in the Java War of 1825-‎‎1830‎ Moh Ashif Fuadi; Moh. Mahbub; Martina Safitry; Usman Usman; Dawam Multazamy Rohmatulloh; M. Harir Muzakki
TSAQAFAH Vol. 18 No. 1 (2022): Tsaqafah Jurnal Peradaban Islam
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/tsaqafah.v18i1.7666

The Java War had its unique influence on the development of pesantren. Prince Diponegoro plays the struggle against the invaders with some of his soldiers who come from among the pesantren. After his defeat in the Java War of 1825-1830, many Diponegoro warriors spread to teach religion. This research will discuss the sustainability of the struggle of Diponegoro warriors in pesantren and the Islamic treasures of the Java War, such as strengthening pesantren traditions and the existence of tarekat syattariyah (syattariyah order). This research is classified as historical research through Kuntowijoyo's historical research methods: topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. This research yielded several conclusions, namely: First, after its defeat in the Java war, the struggle of Diponegoro warriors with a cleric-santri background continued through the establishment of pesantren with a change in strategy more to intellectual strengthening. Second, intellectual traditions during the Java War, one of which was through the study of yellow books typical of pesantren with fiqh and Sufi patterns such as Fatḥ al-Qarîb and Tuḥfah al-Mursalah ila Rûḥ al-Nabiy. Third, the existence of the tarekat syattariyah that had an anti-colonial character at that time was quite popular in Java, made the order followed by prince Diponegoro and some of his soldiers. Fourth, when compared to the Padri War, the typology of da'wah struggle developed by Diponegoro warriors is more moderately patterned identically to Walisongo's accommodating character.

Menggagas Islam Inklusif Budaya Jawa Dalam Serat Nitisruti Zaman Kasultanan Pajang (Abad 16 M) Riyadi, M Irfan; Muzakki, M Harir
Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol 18 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan Vol. 18 No. 1 Tahun 2020
Publisher : Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia

Inclusive and exclusive is a discourse of social-cultural relations which relates to the state and religion. In the context of Javanese Islamic history, some Islamic groups declare their truth of religion that propose exclusivity, anti-plurality and intolerance. This situation occurred during the 16th century at Pajang Kingdom. There are an Islamic group wishing to uphold Shari'a versus Hindu/Javanese groups who wished to apply local traditions. This has the potential to lead to various conflicts of society. In this condition, Serat Nitisruti, a poet from Pajang Karang Gayam, was published. This paper aims to reveal the inclusive concepts of Islam in the text. The concept will be explored through three stages: identification of the text, interpretation of the content, and the relevance of the concept to the present reality. The results of this study, first, Nitisruti was written by Karang Gayam in 1591 AD; Second, Nitisruti contains inclusive Islamic themes: openness of spirituality, educational ethics, politics, traditions, and society. Third, there is a universal concept of inclusive value in terms of ambek adiluhung (being noble), wuwus den aris (gentle speaking), tepo sliro (appreciating), tinarbuko (open) and mulat sariro hangroso wani (daring to blame yourself) which remains relevant to this present era.Keywords: Inclusive Islam, Serat Nitisruti, Poet of Pajang, Karang Gayam. Inklusif dan eksklusif merupakan diskursus hubungan sosial-budaya yang terkait dengan cara bernegara dan beragama. Dalam konteks sejarah Islam Jawa, sebagian kelompok Islam mengedepankan kebenaran agamanya yang mendorong eksklusifitas, anti pluralitas dan intoleran. Situasi ini terjadi di Kerajaan Pajang abad 16 M dengan ditandai munculnya kelompok Islam dengan slogan tegaknya syariat versus kelompok Hindu/Jawa yang ingin menerapkan tradisi dan budaya lokal. Hal ini sangat potensial menimbulkan aneka konflik sosial antar kelompok masyarakat. Pada kondisi inilah Serat Nitisruti karya pujangga Pajang Karang Gayam diterbitkan, dimana naskah ini disinyalir mampu memberi solusi problem keanekaragaman masyarakat Pajang. Tulisan ini bertujuan menungkapkan konsep islam inklusif dalam naskah tersebut. Konsep itu akan digali melalui tiga tahap: identifikasi naskah, interpretasi content, dan relevansi konsep dengan realitas kekinian. Hasil penelitian ini: pertama, mengungkapan bahwa Nitisruti merupakan tulisan Karang Gayam pada tahun 1591 M; Kedua, Nitisruti mengandung tema Islam inklusif: keterbukaan spiritualitas, etika pendidikan, politik, tradisi-budaya, dan sosial masyarakat. Ketiga, terdapat nilai inklusif universal pada istilah ambek adiluhung (bersikap luhur), wuwus den aris (bicara lemah lembut), tepo sliro (menghargai), tinarbuko (terbuka) dan mulat sariro hangroso wani (berani menyalahkan diri sendiri), yang tetap relevan hingga saat ini.Kata kunci: Islam Inklusif, Serat Nitisruti, Pujangga Pajang, Karang Gayam.

Sufism among Western Academics and Women: Analysis of Distributional Factors Suratman, Junizar; Meirison, Meirison; Muzakki, M. Harir
Jurnal Theologia Vol 34, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : The Faculty of Islamic Theology and Humanities, UIN Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2023.34.2.18033

This article examines and explores the phenomenon of Sufism among Western academics and women, as well as the factors that influence it. The background to this study is the increased attention to Sufism after the events of September 11, 2001, in which Sufism was considered an alternative to overcome psychological anxiety in modern life. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the distribution of Sufism among Western academics and women, as well as to understand the role of women in the spread of Sufism. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive analysis approach. The main finding of the study is that Sufism is considered a tolerant school and can accommodate a variety of cultures, including in the context of Western culture. The role of women in the spread of Sufism is also very important, where Sufism becomes a means to prevent moral decay and seek spiritual tranquility in the midst of spiritual pressure.

Women and Divorce in Ponorogo, East Java: Responsibility of the Husband in the Family Muzakki, M. Harir; Rabbani Lubis, Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas; Imtinah, Anis Hidayatul
Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Vol 24, No 2 (2020): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29300/madania.v24i2.5226

A divorce is closely related to the absence of the husband's responsibility in a family. A wife has no right to propose divorce as long as the husband, as the head of the family, can carry out his obligations materially and non-materially. This paper tries to reveal why women propose divorce and how wives view their husbands' responsibilities as the family's head. This article results from field research in the Ponorogo District and uses data derived from interviews with eight female informants who proposed a legal divorce. As the head of the family, a husband has both material and nonmaterial responsibilities to his wife. This responsibility is the husband's obligation to his wife that must be fulfilled. The husband's material obligations are to provide a living, which includes feeding, providing shelter, and clothing. Meanwhile, the nonmaterial duties are to educate, guide, protect, love, and respect. The results of this study indicate that the wives proposed for legal divorce because their husbands, as to the head of the family, do not carry out their material responsibilities; that is, they do not fulfill their obligation to provide livings for their wife. Husbands also do not meet their nonmaterial duties to their wives. Cerai gugat terkait erat dengan tidak adanya tanggung jawab suami dalam sebuah keluarga. Pada dasarnya, seorang istri tidak berhak mengajukan cerai gugat selama suami sebagai kepala keluarga dapat melaksanakan kewajibannya secara material dan non material. Artikel ini ingin mengungkap mengapa perempuan mengajukan cerai gugat dan bagaimana pandangan istri terhadap tanggung jawab suami sebagai kepala keluarga. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan di Kapubaten Ponorogo dan menggunakan data yang bersumber dari hasil wawancara dengan delapan informan perempuan yang mengajukan cerai gugat. Seorang suami sebagai kepala keluarga memiliki tanggung jawab material dan non material kepada istri. Tanggung jawab tersebut merupakan kewajiban suami terhadap istri yang harus ditunaikan. Adapun kewajiban suami yang bersifat material adalah memberi nafkah yang meliputi memberi makan, menyediakan tempat tinggal dan pakaian. Sedangkan kewajiban bersifat non material adalah mendidik, membimbing, melindungi, menyayangi dan menghargai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para istri mengajukan cerai gugat karena suami sebagai kepala keluarga tidak bertanggung jawab secara material, yakni tidak menunaikan kewajibannya memberi nafkah kepada istri. Para suami juga tidak menjalankan kewajibannya non material kepada istrinya.

Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Upah Pembajak Sawah di Desa Klesem Pacitan Muzakki, Harir; Sumanto, Ahmad
al-'adalah Vol 14 No 2 (2017): Al-'Adalah
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/adalah.v14i2.1909

This paper discusses the review of Islamic law regarding the contract of renting a tractor to plow the fields in Klesem Village, Kebon Agung Subdistrict, Pacitan Regency. The aim is to find out whether the practice is in accordance with Islamic law or not. In general, the wage contract in Klesem Village can be classified into the ijarah contract in Islamic law. The main principle in the ijarah contract is mutual benefit and prohibited from judging. Determination of wages must be clear which includes the amount of wages and the procedure for payment. This study finds out that, plow machine service providers often do not keep the time and ask for additional from the wages previously promised. Determination of wage changes and cancellation or termination of contracts unilaterally is certainly detrimental to the farmers. Thus, although in general the practice of renting tractors in the village of Klesem is legal according to Islamic law, there are still practices violating the principles of Islamic law.

Demak Sufism: Moderation of the Java Islamization in XVI Century In the Study of The Manuscript of Suluk Syeh Bari Riyadi, Muhammad Irfan; Muzakki, Mohammad Harir; Hasanah, Nurul
KALAM Vol 16 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Study, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/klm.v16i1.6069

Islamization of the archipelago, especially in Java, took place peacefully in Demak period of the XV - XVI centuries. The retribution of walisanga with its sufism teachings was able to embrace Javanese mysticism in the embrace of Islam. The realization of this attitude of peace (penetration pacifique) without conflict shows that sufism has played an attitude of moderation such as appreciation, tolerance, and inclusive attitude so as to attract the sympathy of Hindu-Javanese mystics into Islam. This paper is intended to reveal how Islamic moderation occurs in Demak, for it is studied by an authentic Sufi manuscript published by Demak written by Sunan Bonang under the title Suluk Syeh Bari. This manuscript is studied using the content analysis method by prioritizing the concept of moderation. This study concludes that Suluk Syeh Bari by Sunan Bonang is the foundation for the teachings of moderate Islamic Sufism since the beginning of Islamization in Java. His moderation teachings include 1) inclusive attitudes in the spirit of divinity, 2) perfection of the soul, realizing noble, wise, and open minded. 3) Open attitude and tolerance towards others through the teachings of Sufism, Ridlo, and always happy. 4) Respect religious acculturation. This attitude will be inherited by his two students, namely Sunan Kalijaga and Syeh Siti Jenar, who gave birth to acculturative Islam (Islam of the archipelago).

Sufism among Western Academics and Women: Analysis of Distributional Factors Suratman, Junizar; Meirison, Meirison; Muzakki, M. Harir
Jurnal Theologia Vol. 34 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2023.34.2.18033

This article examines and explores the phenomenon of Sufism among Western academics and women, as well as the factors that influence it. The background to this study is the increased attention to Sufism after the events of September 11, 2001, in which Sufism was considered an alternative to overcome psychological anxiety in modern life. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the distribution of Sufism among Western academics and women, as well as to understand the role of women in the spread of Sufism. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive analysis approach. The main finding of the study is that Sufism is considered a tolerant school and can accommodate a variety of cultures, including in the context of Western culture. The role of women in the spread of Sufism is also very important, where Sufism becomes a means to prevent moral decay and seek spiritual tranquility in the midst of spiritual pressure.

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