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High-Intensity Interval Training’s Effect on Cognitive Functions Rifqi Sabita; Minarma Siagian; Nurhadi Ibrahim
Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science Vol. 2 No. 9 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/ijoms.v2i9.534

Abstract

HIIT has been known to improve cognitive function. In addition to its effect on the hippocampal area. After HIIT training, BDNF levels also increase in the spinal cord, cerebellum and several cortical areas through increasing levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1). In neurons, BDNF is present not only in the cytoplasm, but also near the dendritic spines, which influences their development. BDNF stimulates the process of neuroplasticity, which is manifested in neurogenesis, stimulation of the plasticity of serotoninergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic or noradrenergic neurons, dendritogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Moreover, BDNF facilitates the growth and survival of neurons and microglial cells. It also participates in cell differentiation, potentiation of signal transmission, induction, and maintenance of long-term potentiation of the synapse enhancement. Because of these properties, BDNF enhances cognition and takes part in emotional processes, spatial orientation and learning, as well as body coordination. Evidence suggests that IGF-1 is a major determinant of the effect of physical exercise on BDNF levels and thus on cognition more generally. There is an upregulation of Fndc5 gene expression in skeletal muscle and an increase in irisin after prolonged resistance training in rats and humans following HIIT training. When hippocampal Fndc5 was upregulated during exercise, BDNF and other neuroprotective genes were also activated in the rat hippocampus. Exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with increased Fndc5 and BDNF genes thus enhancing cognition. Then, stroke is associated with neuroinflammation that affects the processes of neuroplasticity in the lesion core, penumbra and small areas such as the spinal cord.
Peran Ketamin pada Nyeri di Tingkat Sel Rizal Zainal; Irfannuddin Irfannuddin; Legiran Legiran; Nurhadi Ibrahim; Muhammad Ramli Ahmad
JAI (Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia) Vol 15, No 1 (2023): Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jai.v0i0.51613

Abstract

Ketamin adalah salah satu analgesia yang dapat digunakan baik di dalam atau di luar kamar operasi. Selain efek analgesik, ketamin bersifat bronkodilator, simpatomimetik, dan sedasi yang dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam periode perioperatif. Ketamin berfungsi dalam modulasi sensitisasi sentral, menurunkan toleransi hiperalgesia yang diinduksi opioid, memberikan potensi analgesia opioid dalam dosis hiperalgesia, dan mengurangi eksitasi presinaptik substansi P di sum-sum tulang belakang. Ketamin juga dapat memodulasi reseptor muscarinic acetylcholine yang berpotensi mengurangi tahanan sensitivitas nyeri, up-regulasi reseptor a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) yang dapat memperbaiki mood dan respons emosional terhadap nyeri. Aktivasi reseptor NMDA menyebabkan influks kalsium, mengaktivasi formasi intraseluler oleh secondary messenger, prostaglandin, dan nitric oxide. Ketamin adalah analog phencyclidine dan bersifat antagonis N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), sehingga efek ketamin dapat mengurangi frekuensi dan waktu pembukaan kanal Ca2+ dan mencegah influks Ca2+. Ketamin juga berperan dalam regulasi respons imun yang berhubungan terhadap sinyal nyeri seperti toll-like receptor. Komponen molekuler yang terlibat pada kerja ketamin di tingkat seluler seperti inhibisi pada reseptor substansi P, inhibisi mAChR, inhibisi reseptor serotonin 1 dan 2, modulasi farmakologi sel glial pada inhibitor glial, L-α-aminoadipate, dan menghambat enzim glial termasuk transporter glutamat (GLT1).
Neuroprotective effect of South Sulawesi propolis on neurogenesis in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical neurons Nurhadi Ibrahim; Trinovita Andraini; Amirah Yusnidar; Putu Indah Paramita Adi Putri; Imelda Rosalyn Sianipar
Universa Medicina Vol. 42 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2023.v42.137-149

Abstract

BackgroundNeurodegenerative diseases have a significant risk factor, namely aging, which is associated with increased neuronal dysfunction and death. Propolis has been widely used as medicine due to its various benefits. This research study investigated the effect of propolis from the stingless bee (Tetragonula sapiens) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia, on neurogenesis in primary cultures of embryonic cerebral cortex of Wistar rats at 17-18 days of gestation. Methods This research was an experimental study involving 4 female pregnant Wistar rats, which were terminated and the cerebral cortex of the embryos collected and grown as primary cultures. The cultures were divided into 3 groups, i.e. control, vehicle, and propolis extract group. The research began with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) to obtain the optimal dose among propolis doses of 0.5 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL. The study was continued by using the best dose in immunostaining examination using microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) primary antibody and qRT-PCR examination of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression. One Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyse the data. ResultsThe results showed that the propolis doses of 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL significantly increase cell viability compared to the other doses (p=0.011) and stimulate dendritic growth. The propolis dose group of 1 μg/mL induces a significantly higher expression of BDNF mRNA than the control group (p=0.031). ConclusionOur findings indicate that stingless bee propolis has neuroprotective effects against BDNF mRNA in rats. It is shown that propolis can be a candidate inhibitor in neurodegenerative diseases.
Potensi Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Memodulasi GLP-1 dan Neuropeptide Y (NPY) di Nucleus Arcuatus pada Tikus Obes Rickie; Neng Tine Kartinah; Minarma Siagian; Nurhadi Ibrahim; Suci Anggraini
Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek Vol 28 No 2 (2022): MEI-AGUSTUS
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v28i2.2346

Abstract

Gangguan pada pusat pengaturan nafsu makan dapat menyebabkan obesitas. Glucagon like Peptide -1 (GLP-1) dan Neuropeptide Y (NPY) merupakan dua peptida penting yang terlibat dalam pengendalian nafsu makan. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. memiliki potensi dalam pengendalian obesitas dengan memodulasi kadar GLP-1 dan NPY di perifer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana potensi Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.(HSL) dalam memodulasi kadar GLP-1 dan NPY di sentral khususnya di Nucleus Arcuatus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan yang menggunakan jaringan otak tikus tersimpan yang berasal dari 24 ekor tikus Spraque Dawley jantan umur 6 -10 minggu, berat badan antara 90 -160 gram, yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu: Normal(C); Obes(Ob); Obes-Hib200(Ob-Hib200); Obes-Hib400(Ob-Hib400). Ekstrak HSL diberikan secara oral satu kali per hari selama 5 minggu. Sampel diperoleh dari hasil isolasi ARC, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kadar GLP-1 dan NPY menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak HSL dosis 400mg/KgBB/hari dapat meningkatkan kadar GLP-1 paling tinggi, dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus lainnya, sekaligus dapat menurunkan kadar NPY dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus Obes(Ob) dan Obes-Hib(200), meskipun secara analisis tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna. Dosis ekstrak HSL berperan penting dalam efektifitasnya memodulasi kadar GLP-1 dan NPY di ARC untuk membantu mengendalikan nafsu makan sehingga dapat mengurangi resiko terjadinya obesitas.
Effect of the High-Intensity Interval Training on BDNF Level in Ischemic Stroke Rat Model on the Recovery of Motor Function Sri Yani; Salim Harris; Ahmad Aulia Jusuf; Roman Goenarjo; Feda Anisah Makkiyah; Rifqi Sabita; Nurhadi Ibrahim
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i2.2911

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BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the major causes of disability in the world. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is known as a novel treatment to promote stroke recovery. However, the results differ in their effects on irisin, which is a regulator of brain-delivered neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of HIIT on BDNF and irisin levels in a rat model of ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induction on recovery motor function.METHODS: Rats were categorized into 4 groups: sham, MCAO, MCAO+moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), and MCAO+HIIT. MCAO induction was performed to create the ischemic stroke rats model. The motor function was assessed through rotarod and footprint tests. Blood samples were obtained 6 days before MCAO and 14 days after MCAO to examine BDNF and irisin levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Brain tissue samples were collected 14 days after MCAO for histopathological examination of cortical tissue with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.RESULTS: Rats in the MCAO+HIIT group exhibited an enhanced ability to walk on the rotarod (p=0.016). The stride-length hind paw right in the MCAO+HIIT group demonstrated a noteworthy increase in comparison to baseline value (p=0.036), and the stride-length fore paw right showed a significant increase in both the MCAO+HIIT (p=0.036) and MCAO groups (p=0.034). BDNF significantly improved in the MCAO+MIIT (p=0.043) and MCAO+HIIT groups (p=0.018). The irisin level only showed a significant enhancement in the MCAO+HIIT group (p=0.018).CONCLUSION: HIIT increased motor function, while BDNF level increased with HIIT and MIIT intervention. This preclinical research is useful for supporting the recovery of stroke patients by HIIT intervention.KEYWORDS: BDNF, HIIT, MIIT, irisin, ischemic stroke, MCAO
‘Wanting' and ‘Liking' Brain Mechanisms in Coaching: A qEEG Study using the CARE Coaching Model Puspa, Lyra; Ibrahim, Nurhadi; Brown, Paul T.
Biomolecular and Health Science Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Biomolecular and Health Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (346.429 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/bhsj.v2i2.14900

Abstract

Introduction: Coaching has become increasingly popular for leadership development and behavioral change in organizations. Recent studies suggest that motivation is essential in enhancing the effectiveness of workplace coaching. A number of studies revealed that delta and beta-gamma oscillations are associated with the human motivational process through ‘wanting' and ‘liking' mechanisms. However, the brain mechanisms of motivation in coaching have not been studied. This preliminary study is the first attempt to explore the ‘wanting' and ‘liking' mechanism of coaching, by investigating the activity of the delta and beta oscillations during a face-to-face coaching session through quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG).Methods: Six male, right-handed, middle managers of an organization (mean age = 31.6) were recruited voluntarily as participants. A multichannel EEG (19 electrodes, 10/20 System) was used to record brain activity in both the resting state and the continuous 45-minute coaching session whilst using the CARE Model. The artifact-free EEG data were then quantified using wavelet analysis to obtain induced band power. Results: Significant increase was shown in delta and beta-gamma activities throughout the coaching session. Increased delta absolute power was found in the frontal, parietal, and occipital regions, whilst increased beta-gamma activity was significantly detected in the frontal, posterior temporal, and occipital regions. Conclusion: This preliminary result suggests that coaching, with regard to the CARE Model, induces both ‘wanting' and ‘liking' mechanisms simultaneously. Thus, the present findings provide the first preliminary neuroscientific underpinnings of the role of motivation in enhancing the effectiveness of workplace coaching through induced ‘wanting' and ‘liking' mental processes.
Learning and Memory Impairment in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity Ariani, Citra; Ibrahim, Nurhadi; Yolanda, Sophie
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 26 No. 01 (2025): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol26-iss01/483

Abstract

Obesity is a manifestation of abnormal fat accumulation which can lead to impairment in several organs, including the brain. Neuroinflammation is considered the cause of cell death as well as reactive oxygen species in hippocampal neuron cells. It results in disturbance of memory forming process. Impaired learning and memory function affects a person's ability to carry out daily tasks and lower quality of life over time, so they should be circumvented with preventive, curative, and rehabilitative measures. The understanding of the pathological mechanisms of obesity-induced memory impairment based on the changes at molecular levels is imperative for an effective management. We collected and reviewed research articles to summarize the pathological mechanisms. Twenty studies were included in this review in terms of signaling pathway, molecular markers in brain and changes in memory and behavior pattern. It is showed that memory changes in obesity could be resulted from inflammation, impaired neurogenesis and cell senescence via various mechanisms and pathways. In conclusion, the understanding of the pathomechanisms in obesity-induced memory impairment aids to its the prevention and treatment.
NILAI NORMAL LATENSI DAN AMPLITUDO GELOMBANG VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIAL PADA USIA DEWASA Wijaya, Ade; Hakim, Manfaluthy; Ibrahim, Nurhadi; Prihartono, Joedo
Majalah Kedokteran Neurosains Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Vol 35 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : PERDOSNI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52386/neurona.v35i2.2

Abstract

NORMATIVE VALUES OF VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS` LATENCIES AND AMPLITUDES IN ADULTSABSTRACTIntroduction: Visual evoked potentials (VEP) is used to assess the visual pathway through the optic nerves and brain. VEP wave can be affected by physiological and non-physiological factors; some of which can be controlled, while others cannot. Thus, each VEP laboratory needs its own set of normative values. A normal VEP response to a stimulus is a positive occipital peak that occurs at a mean latency of 100ms. Most of the published normal value originated from abroad where demographical and environment condition are considered less appropriate with Indonesian population.Aims: To established normal value of adult VEP latency and amplitude in Clinical Naeurophysiology Laboratori- um, Neurology Clinic Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.Method: A cross-sectional study on healthy subject between 18 to 55 years old. The anthropometric parameters including age, height, weight, body mass index and head circumference were recorded in all the subjects. VEP was record- ed with a Caldwell Sierra Summit machine and standard silver-silver chloride disc electrodes. A VEP monitor displaying checker board was used to give the pattern reversal stimulus. The VEP parameters recorded were latencies to P100 waves.Results: P100 latencies on 110 subjects, 55 male, and 55 female upon recording at  32’ check size were 117ms in male and 119 ms in female. Upper normal limit of interocular latency difference values in recording at the same size were 10,96ms in male and 10,2ms in female. No significant differences of P100 latencies between male and female were found, but there were significant differences in amplitudes.Discussion: In our population, gender is an important factor affecting P100 amplitudes but not P100 latencies.Keywords: Amplitude, latency, P100, visual evoked potentialABSTRAKPendahuluan: Visual evoked potentials (VEP) digunakan untuk menilai jaras visual dari nervus optikus hingga korteks visual. Gelombang VEP dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor fisiologis dan non-fisiologis yang tidak semua dapat dikontrol, sehingga diperlukan referensi nilai normal latensi dan amplitudo gelombang VEP untuk di setiap laborato- rium. Sejauh ini mayoritas referensi berasal dari studi di luar negeri yang secara demografi maupun kondisi setempat dapat kurang sesuai dengan populasi di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui  nilai normal latensi dan amplitudo gelombang VEP pada subjek dewasa di Laboratorium Neurofisiologi Klinik, Poliklinik Saraf RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, sebagai referensi pemeriksaan VEP di kemudian hari.Metode: Studi potong lintang pada subjek sehat berusia antara 18 hingga 55 tahun. Subjek diukur antropometri, seperti usia, tinggi badan, berat badan, indeks massa tubuh, dan lingkar kepala. Perekaman VEP menggunakan alat Cald- well Sierra Summit, dan elektroda elektroensefalografi (EEG) standar. Stimulus VEP menggunakan layar berpola dan metode transient pattern reversal. Parameter VEP yang direkam adalah latensi dan amplitudo P100.Hasil: Pada perekaman terhadap 110 subjek yang terdiri dari 55 subjek laki-laki dan 55 subjek perempuan dengan ukuran kotak 32’, nilai batas atas latensi gelombang P100 adalah 117ms pada laki-laki dan 119ms pada perempuan. Nilai batas atas perbedaan latensi interokular pada perekaman dengan ukuran kotak yang sama adalah 10,96ms untuk laki-laki dan 10,2ms untuk perempuan. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara latensi gelombang P100 pada kelompok laki-laki dan perempuan, tetapi terdapat perbedaan amplitudo P100 yang bermakna antara kelompok laki-laki dan perempuan.Diskusi: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada rerata amplitudo P100 antara subjek laki-laki dan perempuan pada perekaman dengan ukuran kotak 16’ maupun 32’.Kata kunci: Amplitudo, latensi, P100, visual evoked potentials
Intermittent Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia Increases VEGF, HIF-1α, and Nrf-2 Expressions in Brain Tissue Wardaya, Wardaya; Sukmawati, Dewi; Ibrahim, Nurhadi; Ferdinal, Frans; Mudjihartini, Ninik; Sadikin, Mohamad; Jusman, Sri Widia A.; Satriotomo, Irawan; Mulyawan, Wawan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i2.3519

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), play a crucial role as neuroprotective factors. Currently, there is a lack of studies examining the biomolecular responses of the brain to intermittent hypoxia resulting from various pressures. This study was conducted to investigate the physiological responses, histopathological features, and cellular adaptive responses in the brains of rats that were intermittently exposed to hypobaric hypoxic conditions.METHODS: Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: a control group and five treatment groups exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. The treatment groups were placed in a hypobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 3,048 meters for 1 hour/day for 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. After exposure, brain tissue was collected for histopathological analysis and protein quantification of HIF-1α, Nrf-2, cytoglobin (Cygb), neuroglobin (Ngb), VEGF, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT).RESULTS: In the brain, intermittent hypobaric hypoxia significantly increased HIF-1α expression (p=0.000) and its downstream proteins Cygb (p=0.000), and VEGF (p=0.001), with a peak at 14x IHH exposure compared to control. This was followed by a significant increase in Nrf-2 expression (p=0.000), SOD (p=0.000), Gpx (p=0.000), and CAT activity (p=0.000), indicating an adaptive antioxidant response. Conversely, MDA levels was decreased with prolonged exposure, suggesting reduced oxidative damage.CONCLUSION: IHH elevates HIF-1α, Nrf-2, and oxidative stress markers, triggering an adaptive antioxidant response in the rat’s brains.KEYWORDS: HIF-1α, intermittent hypobaric hypoxia, Nrf-2, oxidative stress
Cellular Mechanisms of Spatial Memory Recovery via Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Experimental TBI: A Review Jaslindo, Lieka Nugrahi; Ibrahim, Nurhadi
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.267

Abstract

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) impairs spatial memory, affects individuals' quality of life, and increases disability and mortality rates. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT), which delivers nearly 100% oxygen in a pressurised environment, has a potential intervention to ameliorate these cognitive deficits. This narrative review presents evidence from animal studies demonstrating the efficacy of HBOT in enhancing spatial memory in rats with TBI. Specifically, we present evidence that HBOT increases levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and activates the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) pathway. These molecular changes foster neuroplasticity and reduce oxidative stress, thereby promoting the repair and growth of dendritic spines and decreasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels to prevent neuronal death. By elucidating these mechanisms, this review shows how HBOT contributes to spatial memory recovery in TBI, suggesting a promising therapeutic avenue that need further clinical exploration to refine treatment protocols and evaluate its applicability in human TBI recovery.