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I Nengah Sandi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana, Denpasar
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Uji Kesesuaian Generator Tabung Sinar-X dan Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) pada Mamografi Digital di RSD Mangusada Badung Silalahi, Johanes J.; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Pranditayana, I Nyoman; Sandi, I Nengah; Kasmawan, I Gde Antha; Nurmalasari, Ni Putu Yuni
Kappa Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v8i2.24341

Abstract

This study focuses on evaluating the quality and performance of the digital mammography system at Mangusada Badung Regional Hospital (RSD) in an effort to prevent and early detect breast cancer. With the prevalence and mortality rate of breast cancer continuing to increase, early detection is important. Digital mammography has an important role in this early detection. This study aims to evaluate the performance of digital mammography at Radiology Installation Mangusada Badung through a series of tests. generator and x-ray tube suitability test and automatic exposure control (AEC). The results showed conformity tests on voltage accuracy (maximum error 0.8%), linearity (CL 0.01), reproducibility (radiation output CV 0.001, peak voltage CV 0.003), emergency timer (stops at 0 mAs), tracking (% patient thickness % exposure index error 7.9%, voltage exposure index error 6%), AEC (voltage CV 0.000, current time CV 0.000), exposure time (large focus t 0.87 seconds, small focus t 1.21 seconds). The test results show that the digital mammography system meets the conformity test criteria in accordance with PERKA BAPETEN no. 2 of 2022. This provides confidence that the device meets the established quality standards. With this fulfillment, it is expected that the accuracy of diagnosis can be improved and the risk of errors in early detection of breast cancer can be reduced. Therefore, the digital mammography system at RSD Mangusada Badung is expected to be.
Uji Kandungan Limbah Tahu Menggunakan Spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared Dan Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Di Tukad Buaji Kelurahan Sesetan Denpasar Selatan Novita Susanti Elsi; I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati; Wayan Gede Suharta; Ketut Putra; Anak Agung Ngurah Gunawan; I Nengah Sandi
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.28604

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan judul uji kandungan limbah tahu menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared dan Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy di Tukad Buaji Kelurahan Sesetan Denpasar Selatan. Limbah yang dihasilkan pada proses produksi tahu pada umumnya dibagi menjadi dua bentuk limbah, diantaranya adalah limbah padat dan limbah cair. Jenis limbah tahu yang di uji pada penelitian ini adalah limbah cair, hal ini disebabkan karena limbah cair tahu banyak menghasilkan permasalahan terhadap lingkungan yang dilaluinya terutama aliran air sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar dari BOD, COD, pH, mengindentifikasi gugus fungsi serta mengetahui unsur apa yang terkandung di dalam limbah cair tahu. Metode pengujiannya dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode titrimetri, spektroskopi FTIR dan LIBS. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dengan metode titrimetri pada limbah tahu adalah diperoleh perhitungan rata-rata dan standar deviasi untuk kadar BOD sebesar 13,306 7,886 mg/L (hasil ini masih dibawah standar baku mutu), kadar COD sebesar 28,416 12,908 mg/L (hasil ini masih dibawah standar baku mutu) dan pH sebesar 7,55 0,02 (hasil dalam kisaran baku mutu). Hasil pengujian dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi O-H, O=C=O, C=O dan C-H pada limbah tahu, sedangkan hasil uji yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan LIBS adalah terdapat unsur Ca, Na, K, W, Cd dan Cu yang terkandung di dalam limbah tahu.
Studi Pemetaan Kerawanan Gempabumi Berdasarkan Pola-Pola Sesar Menggunakan Focal Mechanism dari Data Gempabumi di Wilayah Bali Crisanti Uduk, Maria; Sukarasa, I Ketut; Tyastama, Arief; Suarbawa, Komang Ngurah; Wendri, Nyoman; Sandi, I Nengah
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29374

Abstract

Research regarding earthquake vulnerability mapping studies based on fault patterns using focal mechanism data from earthquake data in the Bali Region has been carried out. This research aims to determine fault patterns in the Bali region using a focal mechanism from earthquake data for 1976-2021, determine the types of faults in the Bali region when analyzed using the focal mechanism method and determine areas that are prone to earthquakes in the Bali region. The data used are seismograph recordings obtained from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The method used in this research is the focal mechanism method. The results of mapping the distribution of focal balls in the Bali region are that there were 9 earthquake events above 4 M, with 8 events being thrust faults and 1 being an oblique fault. Areas that are prone to earthquakes are in the East Bali region, specifically in Karangasam, and in general earthquakes occur in water areas or at sea. The results of the seismicity map of the distribution of earthquakes show that the depth of earthquakes in the Bali region varies. On the seismicity map, it can be seen that the most dominant ones are earthquakes in the deep and medium earthquake categories, but the most dangerous are earthquakes in the shallow depth category.
Pengaruh Variasi Arus Tabung (mA) Terhadap Kualitas Citra Pada Pesawat Computed Tomography (CT) Scan di RSUD Bali Mandara Sintiya Biantari, I Dewa Ayu; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Alit Paramarta, Ida Bagus; Sandi, I Nengah; Suardana, Putu; Tri Suandayani, Ni Komang; Setiawan, Hendra
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29378

Abstract

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan is one of the essential diagnostic tools in the medical field. CT scan image quality is represented by the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR). This study was conducted to understand the effect of tube current variation on image quality in CT scan examinations. The CT scan parameters were set at an X-ray tube voltage of 120 kV, an exposure time of 1 second, and tube current variations of 100 mA, 200 mA, 300 mA, 400 mA, and 500 mA. From 25 image data obtained from scanning the Tos phantom on the CT scan, data were collected on the average signal intensity of the material, the average signal intensity of the background, and the standard deviation of the background signal intensity obtained from the Region of Interest (ROI) readings on each scanned phantom image. The Pearson correlation test results between tube current and SNR values showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were 0.993, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficient (r) for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were also 0.993, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. Similarly, the Pearson correlation test results between tube current and CNR values showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were 0.992, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. The linear regression correlation coefficient (r) for polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, delrin, and air were also 0.992, 0.992, 0.993, 0.992, and 0.992, respectively. These results indicate that for all phantom materials, the tube current value has a strong positive correlation with both SNR and CNR. The SNR and CNR values increase linearly with increasing tube current, suggesting that a higher tube current can improve CT scan image quality.  
Analisis Distribusi Dosis Radiasi terhadap Perencanaan Radioterapi Menggunakan Metode Segmentasi Citra pada Kasus Tumor Otak dengan Teknik Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Saputri, Izza Wahyu Saputri; Suryatika, Ida Bagus Made; Amelia, Cory; Sandi, I Nengah; Sumadiyasa, Made; Widagda, I Gusti Agung; Irhas, Rozi
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29562

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the effect of the number of segments on the radiation dose distribution of photon beams in brain tumor cases using the Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) technique. This study used 20 primary data and 10 secondary data from brain tumor patients with 6 MV photon beams and a total dose of 6000 cGy. Calculations were performed by analyzing the Homogeneity Index (HI) and Conformity Index (CI) values as well as the radiation dose to the Organs at Risk (OAR), followed by statistical testing. Based on the conducted research, the results showed that HI and CI values for 5, 10, and 15 segments were different. For example, the HI value for 5 segments was more homogeneous, approaching 0, and the CI value for 10 segments was closer to 1, which indicates a better match with the PTV shape. The average maximum dose distribution for OARs with 5 segments in the brainstem, chiasma, left eye, right eye, left lens, and right lens were 4541.9 cGy, 3893.8 cGy, 2754.2 cGy, 2516.1 cGy, 740.8 cGy, and 628.0 cGy, respectively. With 10 segments, the doses for these OARs were 4104.2 cGy, 3633.9 cGy, 2583.9 cGy, 3124.2 cGy, 710.5 cGy, and 625.5 cGy, respectively. With 15 segments, the doses for the same OARs were 4123.0 cGy, 3956.2 cGy, 2753.3 cGy, 2433.7 cGy, 667.7 cGy, and 547.8 cGy, respectively. All maximum dose distributions for the OARs received by the patients were still within the tolerance limits stated in the Radiation Oncology A Question-Based Review 2nd Edition.
Optimasi Slice Thickness dengan Nilai Signal to Noise Ratio dan Contrast to Noise Ratio untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Citra MRI Genu Anastasia Victor, Agnes Maria Salvi; Sutapa, Gusti Ngurah; Gunawan, A. A. Ngurah; Sandi, I Nengah; Rupiasih, Ni Nyoman; Simpen, I Nengah
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i1.29591

Abstract

Research has been conducted on the effect of slice thickness variation on the quality of Genu MRI images. This study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of Bali Mandara Hospital using primary data from Genu MRI examination results.The independent variable in this study is the variation of slice thickness values of 3, 5, and 7 mm. There were 30 patientsmeasured and the tissues analyzed were ligament, bone, fat, and noise as background using the ROI method and the segmentation results wereresults were taken at the mean value and standard deviation in the background. The difference in SNR and CNR values due to variations in slice thickness values can be tested using the Factorial Anova test. The results of this study obtained that there is an effect of slice thickness variation on SNR and CNR values that will have an impact on the quality of MRI Genu images. The greater the slice thickness value analyzed, the greater the SNR and CNR values produced and the better the image quality. In ligament tissue, the average SNR values of 3, 5 and 7 mm are 23.830; 36.594; and 50.524, respectively. In bone tissue, 191.352; 277.399, and 344.170 were obtained. In fat tissue, SNRs of 9,460, 292,022, and 367,463 were obtained. Changing the slice thickness will directly affect the SNR. It can be seen that the higher the slice thickness value given, the higher the SNR and CNR values for each tissue evaluated and the longer the scanning time required. In the slice thickness variation.
Analisis Perubahan Garis Pantai Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat 8 dengan Metode Linear Regression Rate di Wilayah Pesisir Kecamatan Kuta Purba, Selpia; Baskoro, Winardi Tjahyo; Gunawan, Tomy; Artawan, I Nengah; Putra Adnyana, I Gusti Agung; Sandi, I Nengah
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i2.29955

Abstract

Coastal areas are dynamic environments and are vulnerable to natural processes and human activities, making regular monitoring important for sustainable management. This study analyzes coastal changes along the Kuta coastal area, which includes Pantai Jerman, Kuta, Legian, and Seminyak, using Landsat 8 satellite imagery through the application of the NDWI analysis and the Linear Regression Rate (LRR) method over the period 2014–2022. The NDWI is derived using Band 3 (green) and Band 5 (near-infrared) to accurately classify the boundary between water and land. The LRR method is employed to calculate the trend of coastal line shifts from temporal data, yielding a detailed estimation of the coastal displacement rate. The study results indicate that the Kuta coastal area undergoes changes dominated by mild accretion, with an average coastal shift of 1.50 m/year, while mild erosion occurs at an average of 1.30 m/year. Overall, the coastal area experienced an accretion of 9.52 ha and an erosion of 4.55 ha.
Analisis Dosis Serap pada Pemeriksaan Thorax Pasien Anak dengan Pesawat Sinar-X di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar Br Barus, Ema Vinesia; Ratini, Ni Nyoman; Trisnawati, Ni Luh Putu; Sandi, I Nengah; Wendri, Nyoman; Alit Paramarta, Ida Bagus
Kappa Journal Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v9i2.30101

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis dosis serap pada pemeriksaan thorax pasien anak dengan pesawat sinar-X di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dosis serap yang diterima oleh pasien anak pada pemeriksaan thorax serta membandingkannya dengan batas dosis yang direkomendasikan oleh United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder dari hasil pemeriksaan thorax pasien anak berusia 1-15 tahun yang meliputi faktor eksposi (tegangan tabung, kuat arus, dan waktu eksposi). Data ini yang kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung dosis paparan dan dosis serap. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Kruskall-Wallis untuk menentukan signifikansi perbedaan dosis serap di RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar dengan dosis serap yang ditetapkan oleh UNSCEAR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi dosis serap berdasarkan kelompok usia, di mana semakin tinggi usia pasien, semakin besar dosis serap yang diterima. Didapatkan dosis serap untuk kelompok usia 1-4 tahun yaitu:  mGy untuk pasien laki-laki dan  mGy untuk pasien perempuan. Untuk kelompok usia 5-9 tahun didapatkan sebesar mGy untuk pasien laki-laki dan  mGy untuk pasien perempuan. Sedangkan dosis serap kelompok usia 10-15 didapatkan sebesar  mGy untuk pasien laki-laki dan  mGy untuk pasien perempuan. Dosis serap yang diperoleh di RSUD Sanjiwani masih berada di bawah batas dosis maksimum yang ditetapkan oleh UNSCEAR yaitu: untuk kelompok usia 1-4 tahun sebesar 0,0300 mGy, kelompok usia 5-9 tahun sebesar 0,0400 mGy, dan kelompok usia 10-15 sebesar 0,0500 mGy.
Potensi Kanker Usus Besar dan Kandung Kemih Akibat Penyinaran CT Scan Abdomen Merek Siemens Somatom 128 Slice di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Galingging, Sari Intan; Sandi, I Nengah; Sudarsana, I Wayan Balik
Kappa Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v7i1.7047

Abstract

Research has been carried out on the potential for colon and urinery bladder cancer as a result of irradiating a 128 slice Siemens Somatom abdominal CT Scan at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. The data used in this study are secondary data from abdominal CT Scan medical records from January 2021 to June 2022, namely, CTDIvol and DLP adult patients who are female and male with an exposure factor of 110 kV X-ray tube voltage and current. Irradiation time starts from 600 mAs to 1200 mAs. This study aims to determine the potential risk of cancer  of the colon and urinery bladder from the results of the CT Scan examination brand Siemens Somatom 128 Slice and to compare the potential risks of colon and bladder cancer in men. and women. The magnitude of is done by calculating the estimated dose equivalent of yang diterima pasien dikalikan dengan faktor risiko kanker organ kritis pada pasien dewasa, sedangkan analisis komparatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan Independent Sample T Test. Hasil perhitungan rata-rata usus besar pada wanita dan pria masing-masing adalah 0,0044 ± 0,00062% dan 0,0045 ± 0,00079% sedangkan rata-rata  kandung kemih pada wanita dan pria masing-masing adalah -0,0034±0,00049% dan 0,0035±0,00061%. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna potensi kanker usus besar dan kandung kemih antara wanita dan pria dengan nilai P<0,050 pada usus besar dan kandung kemih yaitu masing-masing 0,026 dan 0,025. Perbedaan rata-rata kanker usus besar dan kandung kemih antara wanita dan pria adalah masing-masing 0,0001±0,00017% dan 0,0001±0,00012%, dimana potensi terjadinya kanker baru pada pasien pria lebih besar dibandingkan pasien wanita.
Identifikasi Pencemaran Air Lindi pada Kawasan Asrama di Kampus Universitas Udayana dengan Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Konfigurasi Wenner Pratama, Maulana Rizki; Putra, I Ketut; Nurmalasari, Ni Putu Yuni; Sumadiyasa, Made; Sandi, I Nengah; Baskoro, Winardi Tjahyo
Kappa Journal Vol 7 No 2 (2023): Agustus
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/kpj.v7i2.20842

Abstract

Dormitory land in the Udayana University area is often used as a place to dispose of garbage. Basically leachate contains metal content such as zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) which seep into the soil. Identification to determine the presence of leachate at a certain depth, can use the Wenner Configuration Geoelectrical Method. From the data obtained then processed using Res2dinv it was found that the leachate content in the Udayana University Dormitory Area is found at a distance of 33m, 43m, 63m, 83m, from the pile of garbage and a depth of 1.25 - 3.75m below the surface of the pile of garbage for coordinates 115.165240 BT, 8.798640 LS to 115.164955 BT, 8.799100 LS and a distance of 62m, 72m, 82m, from the garbage pile and a depth of 1.25 – 6.38m below the surface of the garbage pile at coordinates 115.165091 BT, 8.798557 LS to 115.164730 BT, 8.799021 LS.
Co-Authors AA Gede Ardana, AA Gede Agustinus Dei Ali Imron Alit Paramarta, Ida Bagus Anak Agung Ngurah Gunawan Anastasia Victor, Agnes Maria Salvi Artawan, I Nengah Bagus Komang Satriyasa Bano, Tominikus Benyamin Baskoro, Winardi Tjahyo Br Barus, Ema Vinesia Cory Amelia Crisanti Uduk, Maria Daniel Womsiwor Efraldo Yudistira Eko Wibowo Galingging, Sari Intan Gunawan, A. A. Ngurah Gunawan, Tomy Gusti Ngurah Sutapa Hendra Setiawan I Dewa Ayu Inten Dwi Primayanti I Dewa Putu Sutjana I Gde Antha Kasmawan I Gede Ariyasa . I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati I Gusti Made Adi Swandana I Ketut putra, I Ketut I Made Dhita Prianthara I Made Dwi Jaya I Made Jawi I MADE MULIARTA . I Made Murna I Made Yoga Parwata I Nengah Simpen I Putu Adiartha Griadhi I Putu Agus Budi Sudarsana I Wayan Teresna I Wayan Teresna, I Wayan I Wayan Weta Ida Bagus Alit Paramarta Ida Bagus Made Suryatika Ida Bagus Ngurah Iman Santoso Irhas, Rozi J. A. Pangkahila Kaha, Astried Valentine Ketut Putra Ketut Tirtayasa Komang Ngurah Suarbawa Kunjung Ashadi Laily Mita Andriana M. Ali Imron M. Ali Imron Made Sumadiyasa Muh. Ali Imron Muhammad Kasim Muthiah Munawaroh Ni Ketut Dewita Putri Ni Made Intansari Tri Buana Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi Ni Nyoman Rupiasih Ni Nyoman, Ratini Novita Susanti Elsi Nurmalasari, Ni Putu Yuni Nyoman Wendri Permana, Aang Panji Pranditayana, I Nyoman Pratama, Maulana Rizki Prayuda, I Made Ardi Prima Krishna Dharmawan Purba, Selpia Putra Adnyana, I Gusti Agung S. Indra Lesmana S.Indra Lesmana Saputri, Izza Wahyu Saputri Sari, Kamelin Diah Satriya Wibawa, I Made Silalahi, Johanes J. Sintiya Biantari, I Dewa Ayu Sudarsana, I Wayan Balik Sugijanto - Sugijanto - Sukarasa, I Ketut Sumaja, Kadek Susy Purnawati Syahmirza Indra Lesmana Tri Suandayani, Ni Komang Trisnawati, Ni Luh Putu Tyastama, Arief Wahyuddin - Wahyuddin, Wahyuddin Wayan Gede Suharta Widagda, I Gusti Agung Widiana, I Komang Widianingsih, Ni Kadek Indah Yuniarti N