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All Journal BALI MEDICAL JOURNAL (BMJ) INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL AND FORENSIC SCIENCES Buletin Udayana Mengabdi E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Jurnal Veteriner The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico Bali Anatomy Journal Essential: Essence of Scientific Medical Journal Makara Journal of Science Hang Tuah Medical Journal Journal of Global Pharma Technology Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan

I Gusti Kamasan Arijana

Departemen Histologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana

Author-ID : 2936419

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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The ethanolic extract of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea l. var,capitata f. rubra) in cream preparation to the dermal-thickness of male Wistar mice (Rattus norvegicus) after Ultraviolet-B exposure Gayathiri Mohana Krishnan; IG Kamasan Arijana; I Wayan Sugiritama
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): (Available online: 1 December 2018)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Photoaging effect in dermal layer of skin was commonly caused by Ultraviolet B (UV-B) rays exposure This study aims to assess the histological features of the dermis layer in the male Wistar mice after applied with the ethanolic extract of red cabbage following UV-B exposure.Methods: About 25 male Wistar rats were enrolled in this study by using post-test only control group design during 2 weeks. They were divided into 5 groups as follows: control group (P1), basic cream (P2), 5% ethanolic extract of red cabbage cream (P3), 10% ethanolic extract of red cabbage cream (P4), and 20% ethanolic extract of red cabbage cream (P5). The UV-B dosage used are 325 mJ/cm2 among groups prior to study. The dermis-elastic fiber thickness was assessed by Image Raster software. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 in measuring normality test, mean, and ANOVAResults: There was no statistically significant difference in the thickness of dermal layer among groups (P = 0.3). The mean of dermis thickness was 666.60Â±143.15Âµm in P5 group, followed by 651.19Â±189.18Âµm in P4 group, and 547.43Â±188.41Âµm, 544.76Â±100.67Âµm, and 504.10Â±129.40 Âµm in P3, P2, and P1 group respectively.Conclusion: There was no a significant difference among different dosage of the ethanolic extract cream of red cabbage to the thickness of dermal layer after UV-B exposure.

The effect of red-cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) ethanolic extract in cream preparation on dermis-elastic fibre thickness in male Wistar rats after ultraviolet-B rays exposure Intan Syahirah Bt Abdul Rauap; I Wayan Sugiritama; Ni Made Linawati; I Gusti Kamasan Arijana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): (Available online: 1 December 2018)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Ultraviolet B (UV-B) rays exposure is a leading cause of sunburn, skin dryness and skin aging by influencing the dermal elastic fibers. This photoaging effect was caused by damage of fibrillin-1 as a microfibrillar network. This study aims to evaluate the effect of red-cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra) ethanolic extract in cream preparation on dermis-elastic fibers thickness in male Wistar rats after UV-B exposure.Methods: A randomized post-test only control group design was conducted among 25 male Wistar rats during 2 weeks. They were divided into 5 groups as follows: control group (P1), basic cream (P2), 5% ethanolic extract of red cabbage cream (P3), 10% ethanolic extract of red cabbage cream (P4), and 20% ethanolic extract of red cabbage cream (P5). The UV-B dosage used are 325 mJ/cm2 among groups prior to study. The dermis-elastic fiber thickness was assessed by Image Raster software. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 in measuring normality test, mean, and ANOVAResults: There was a statistically significant difference of dermal-elastic fibers thickness among groups (P < 0.05). The mean of dermis-elastic fiber thickness was 6.125Â±0.376 Âµm in P5 group, followed by 4.075Â±0.266 Âµm in P4 group, and 3.114Â±0.290 Âµm, 2.109Â±0.420 Âµm, and 1.907Â±0.454 Âµm in P3, P2, and P1 group respectively.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of red-cabbage in a different dose of cream preparation have a statistically significant difference on the dermis-elastic fibers thickness after UV-B exposure

The effect of purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peel extract on collagen fiber in male Wistar rats after Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure Tarvin Jit Singh Gill; I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanti; I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): (Available online: 1 December 2018)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: Skin aging can be caused by long-term ultraviolet (UV) exposure that usually called as photoaging. Administered antioxidant substances can delay the photoaging process. Purple mangosteen is known to have abundant antioxidant properties such as xanthones and anthocyanins. This study aims to determine the effect of purple mangosteen peel extract on the collagen fiber in male Wistar rats after UV-B exposure.Methods: An experimental study was conducted among 21 male Wistar rats at Histology Laboratorium, Udayana University from a period of March-October 2017. The samples were divided into 3 groups as follows: control, placebo, and mangosteen extract with 7 rats in each group. Collagen fiber was assessed by using a light microscope with 400 times magnification. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS ver. 21 software using one way ANOVA.Results: The study found that percentage of collagen area within control group was 61.94%, placebo group 72.90%, and mangosteen peel extract 73.63%. The mean between-group analyzed using one way ANOVA found that there was a statistically significant difference in mangosteen peel extract than control group (p=0.0000), but not statistically significant if compared with placebo group (p=0.640) on the collagen fiber in male Wistar rats.Conclusion: there was a statistically significant difference in mangosteen peel extract than control group on the thickness of collagen fiber in male Wistar rats after UV-B exposure.

The effect of Euphorbia milii tea and its combination with Propolis on number of glomeruli in M.tb-infected mice: a histopathology study Ruthirar Kalaichelvam; Ni Made Linawati; I Gusti Nyoman Sri Wiryawan; Gede Wirata; I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanti; I Wayan Sugiritama; Ida Ayu Ika Wahyuniari; I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 10 No. 3 (2019): (Available online: 1 December 2019)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: The role of both Euphorbia milii and Propolis is to increase the effectiveness in pathological condition of the body part damaged, include renal function in maintaining the homeostasis. That combination into mice which are infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis will change the total number of glomerulus in the kidney.Aim: The study aims to determine the effect of combination tea from Euphorbia milii and Propolis on the number of the glomerulus in mice infected by M. tb.Method: This study confirmed randomized post-test only control group design consisting of 24 mice divided into six groups (G1-G6). E. milli flowers are obtained from flower plantations, in Ketewel, Gianyar, Bali Province took in fresh and dark red sampling. M. tuberculosis used H37Rv strain (ATCC27294) grown on Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium for two weeks.Result: It was found that Group 3 and Group 5 from the treatment group has the most significant average number of glomerulus which was 13, followed by Group 2 and Group 6 from the control group has the largest average number of glomerulus which was 12. The differences were not significant between groups with P = 0.463 (P <0.05).Conclusion: The Euphorbia milii tea and its combination with Propolis does not affect histological change on the total number of glomerulus in mice infected with M. tb.

Prevalence of risk factors associated with hypertension at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali Mahen Isaac Pannir Chelvam; I Wayan Sugiritama; I Gusti Nyoman Kamasan Arijana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020): (Available online: 1 April 2020)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Background: High blood pressure, also called "hypertension," is a serious medical condition. It happens when the force of the blood pumping through the arteries is too strong. The World Health Organization rates hypertension as one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide, and the problem is growing. This study aimed to determine the risk factors affecting Hypertension at Sanglah general hospital.Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The data used in this study is a secondary data collected from medical record of the patients with Hypertension at Sanglah general hospital, Denpasar, Bali in the year of 2015 until 2016. The data was categorized based on Body Mass Index (BMI), gender, age, alcohol consumption, and history of cardiovascular diseases.Results: There are 73(60.83%) males and 47(39.17%) females, the majority of patients were in the age group of 18 â€“ 70 years of age with the age group of 40 - 50 carrying a rather large quantity of 45.8% among the male gender and for the female gender the age group of 51 â€“ 60 showed the highest percentage of 38.2%, the sample consists of 60.83% of males and 39.17 of females from the total 120 samples taken from Sanglah general hospital. As for Body Mass Index (BMI), 25 â€“ 29.9 has the most significant value of 49 (40.83%) when compared to the other nutritional statuses present. The patients with the cardiovascular disease showed a very substantial amount of 69 (57.5%) among males and 41 (34.17%) among females. Patients with a history of alcohol consumption for the male gender had a value of 34 (28.30%), and for the female gender group, it carried an amount of 2 (1.70%).Conclusions: This study succeeded in identifying 120 samples of patients with hypertension and their contributing risk factors. The majority of the Samples were with body mass index (BMI) 25 â€“ 29.9 (40.83%). The samples with a history of cardiovascular disease showed a value of 69 (57.5%) among males and 41 (34.17%) among females. Patients with a history of alcohol consumption for the male gender had a value of 34 (28.30%), and for the female gender group, it carried an amount of 2 (1.70%)

Pengaruh teh kombinasi Euphobia milii dan Propolis terhadap fungsi ginjal tikus Wistar jantan I Dewa Made Agus Paramarta Putra; I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana; Ni Made Linawati
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction. Indonesia has abundant natural resources that can be used as traditional medicine. For example, Euphorbia milii and Propolis. Euphorbia milii and Propolis have various benefits such as antioxidants, antibacterials, and immunomodulators. The toxic effects of the combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis on renal function has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis on the kidney function of male Wistar rats.Methods: This study was an experimental analytical study with a randomized post-test only control group design. Twenty-four male rats aged 2-3 months, body weight ± 200 grams were divided into 4 groups, namely; control group (standard feed + aquabidest), P1 (combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis 40mg/100gram body weight (grbw) for 2 weeks), P2 (combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis flower 40mg / 100grbw for 4 weeks), and P3 (combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis flowers 40mg / 100grbw for 6 weeks).Results: Based on data analysis, the mean levels of blood urea nitrogen were not found to be significant between the control group, P2 and P3 from treatment groups, but there was a significant differences between P1 and the other three groups. The serum creatinine does not show significant difference among all the groups.Conclusion. The combination of Euphorbia milii and Propolis does not increase the the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine of the Wistar rat. Latar belakang. Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam yang berlimpah yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengobatan tradisional. Misalnya tanaman Euphorbia milii dan Propolis. Euphorbia milii dan Propolis mempunyai beragam manfaat seperti antioksidan, antibakteri, dan imunomodulator. Efek toksik dari teh kombinasi Euphorbia milii dan Propolis terhadap fungsi ginjal belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek pemberian teh kombinasi dari bunga Euphorbia milii dan Propolis terhadap fungsi ginjal tikus Wistar jantan.Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized post-test only, control group design. Dua puluh empat tikus wistar jantan berusia 2-3 bulan, berat badan ± 200 gram yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu; kelompok kontrol (pakan standar + aquabidest), P1 (teh kombinasi bunga Euphorbia milii dan Propolis 40 mg/100 gram berat badan (grbb) selama 2 minggu), P2 (teh kombinasi bunga Euphorbia milii dan Propolis 40mg/100grbb selama 4 minggu), dan P3 (teh kombinasi bunga Euphorbia milii dan Propolis 40mg/100grbb selama 6 minggu).Hasil. Berdasarkan analisis data dari rerata kadar blood urea nitrogen (BUN) tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok perlakuan P2 dan P3. Namun P1 menunjukan rerata yang lebih tinggi daripada kelompok lainnya. Pada kreatinin serum tidak terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan pada keempat kelompok.Simpulan. Pemberian teh kombinasi Euphorbia milii dan Propolis tidak menimbulkan peningkatan yang bermakna terhadap BUN dan kreatinin serum tikus Wistar.

Efek ekstrak sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) terhadap ekspresi matrix metalloproteinase-1 dan hipertrofi jantung pada mencit yang terpapar asap rokok I Made Agus Endra Permana; I Nyoman Wiryawan; Wayan Aryadana; I Gde Raka Widiana; I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana; I Made Satria Yudha Dewangga
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): (Available Online: 1 August 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is a plant that is often used in traditional medicine and is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects. There are many studies of sambiloto on inflammatory markers, but there is no study on the effect of sambiloto on MMP-1 expression. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sambiloto on MMP-1 expression and cardiac hypertrophy in mice exposed to cigarette smoke.Methods: This research is an experimental analytic study with a randomized post test only control group design. Thirty-two healthy male Swiss Webster mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 20-30 grams were divided into 4 groups, namely: control group (standard feed + exposure to cigarette smoke), P1 (standard feed + exposure to cigarette smoke + sambiloto extract 18 mg/ kg BW), P2 (standard feed + exposure to cigarette smoke + sambiloto extract 29 mg/kg BW), P3 (standard feed + exposure to cigarette smoke + sambiloto extract 40 mg/kg BW). All groups were followed for 60 days.Results: There was a significant difference in MMP-1 expression between the control group and all treatment groups. There were significant differences in MMP-1 expression between groups P1 and P2, and between P1 and P3 groups. There was a significant difference in heart weight/weight ratio between the control group and all treatment groups. There was a significant difference in the heart weight/body weight ratio between the P1 and P3 groups.Conclusion: The administration of sambiloto extract decreased the expression of MMP-1 with a tendency for its effect to increase with increasing dose and the optimal dose was found in the sambiloto extract 29 mg/kg BW. The difference in the effect of sambiloto extract on cardiac hypertrophy only appeared after the dose was increased to 40 mg/kg BW Latar Belakang: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) merupakan tanaman yang sering dipakai dalam pengobatan tradisional dan diketahui mempunyai efek antioksidan, anti inflamasi dan efek pada sistem kardiovaskular. Terdapat banyak penelitian sambiloto terhadap marker inflamasi, tetapi belum ada penelitian tentang efek ekstrak sambiloto terhadap ekspresi MMP-1. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak sambiloto terhadap ekspresi MMP-1 dan hipertrofi jantung pada mencit yang terpapar asap rokok.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized post test only control group design. Tiga puluh dua mencit Swiss Webster jantan sehat berumur 8-10 minggu dengan berat 20-30 gram dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu: kelompok kontrol (pakan standar + paparan asap rokok), P1 (pakan standar + paparan asap rokok + ekstrak sambiloto 18 mg/kg BB), P2 (pakan standar + paparan asap rokok + ekstrak sambiloto 29 mg/kg BB), P3 (pakan standar + paparan asap rokok + ekstrak sambiloto 40 mg/kg BB). Semua kelompok diikuti selama 60 hari.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan ekspresi MMP-1 antara kelompok kontrol dengan semua kelompok perlakuan. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan ekspresi MMP-1 antara kelompok P1 dengan P2, dan antara P1 dengan P3. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan rasio berat jantung/berat badan antara kelompok kontrol dengan semua kelompok perlakuan. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan rasio berat jantung/berat badan antara kelompok P1 dengan P3. Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak sambiloto menurunkan ekspresi MMP-1 dengan kecenderungan efeknya meningkat dengan peningkatan dosis dan dosis optimal terdapat pada ekstrak sambiloto 29 mg/kg BB. Perbedaan efek ekstrak sambiloto terhadap hipertrofi jantung baru muncul setelah dosis ditingkatkan menjadi 40 mg/kg BB.

Efek ekstrak sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) terhadap ekspresi vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) dan intimal media thickness (IMT) pada mencit yang terpapar asap rokok I Made Adi Satria Darma; Wayan Aryadana; I Nyoman Wiryawan; I Gede Raka Widiana; I Gusti Nyoman Kamasan Arijana; Made Satria Yudha Dewangga
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): (Available online: 1 December 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Introduction: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is a plant that spread almost throughout the Indonesian archipelago and has been used for a long time as traditional medicine. Several previous literatures reported that sambiloto has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, so its use is useful in cardiovascular disease, especially in reducing the process of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving sambiloto extract on markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis in the form of VCAM-1 expression and IMT in mice exposed to cigarette smoke.Methods: This study used an experimental analytical method with a post-test-only group design. Using 32 healthy adult male mice weighing 20-30 grams were divided into four treatment groups, namely: control group (P0) only given exposure to cigarette smoke and treatment group 1 (P1), 2 (P2), and 3 (P3) given exposure cigarettes and sambiloto extract with doses of 18, 29, and 40 mg/kg/day. Exposure is given for 60 days, then the VCAM-1 expression and IMT in the aortic arch were examined histologically.Results: There were significant differences in VCAM-1 expression and IMT between the control group and all treatment groups. There was a significant decrease in VCAM-1 expression between P1 and P2 and P2 and P3. There was a significant decrease in IMT between P1 and P2 and P2 and P3.Conclusion: Sambiloto extract has effect in decreasing VCAM-1 expression and IMT. That effect strengthens with increasing dose. The maximum effect is obtained with the use of a dose of 40 mg/kg/day. Latar Belakang: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) merupakan tanaman yang tersebar hampir di seluruh nusantara dan telah digunakan sejak lama oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai obat tradisional. Dari beberapa literatur sebelumnya melaporkan sambiloto memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan antioksidan sehingga bermaafaat dalam bidang penyakit kardiovaskular terutama mengurangi proses aterosklerosis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak sambiloto terhadap petanda inflamasi dan atherosklerosis berupa ekspresi VCAM-1 dan IMT pada mencit yang terpapar asap rokok. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only group design. Menggunakan 32 ekor mencit jantan dewasa kondisi sehat dengan berat 20-30 gram dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok kontrol (P0) hanya diberikan paparan asap rokok dan kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1), 2 (P2), dan 3 (P3) diberikan paparan rokok sigaret dan ekstrak sambiloto dengan dosis 18, 29, dan 40 mg/kg/hari. Paparan diberikan selama 60 hari, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan histologi ekspresi VCAM-1 dan IMT pada arkus aorta mencit.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna ekspresi VCAM-1 dan IMT antara kelompok kontrol dengan semua kelompok perlakuan. Terdapat penurunan bermakna ekspresi VCAM-1 antara P1 dengan P2 dan P2 dengan P3. Terdapat penurunan bermakna tebal IMT antara P1 dengan P2 dan P2 dengan P3.Simpulan: Ekstrak sambiloto memiliki efek menurunkan ekspresi VCAM-1 dan tebal IMT. Efek tersebut meningkat dengan peningkatan dosis. Efek maksimal diperoleh dengan penggunaan dosis 40 mg/kg/hari.

PROFIL KADAR KREATININ DAN ASAM URAT SEBAGAI PENANDA FUNGSI GINJAL PADA PENDUDUK LANSIA DI DESA KETEWEL I.N. Wande; I.G.A.D. Ratnayanti; I.G.K.N. Arijana; N.M. Linawati; P.P.A.P. Dewi
Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Vol 22 No 2 (2023): Buletin Udayana Mengabdi
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/BUM.2023.v22.i02.p06

Background. Elderly is a group of population aged 46 years and over based on the age category according to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia 2009. The function of the body's organs of the elderly population will decrease over time, especially kidney function. Several laboratory tests that can be used to assess kidney function are measuring the glomerular filtration rate or measuring levels of non-protein nitrogen such as creatinine and uric acid. Objectives. To determine kidney health in the elderly population in Ketewel Village by measuring blood creatinine and uric acid levels and providing education to keep the kidneys healthy. Implementation method. Elderly residents were given information about free kidney function tests, namely uric acid and blood creatinine, then directed to the Mantra Medika Clinical Laboratory for blood collection to avoid crowds due to the Covid-19 pandemic situation. Examination of blood creatinine and uric acid with the Erba XL100® device. Results. There were 22 elderly residents of Ketewel Village who did free creatinine and blood uric acid test. A total of 11 elderly men and 11 elderly women who participated in this program. The average age of the elderly who underwent examination was 59.95 ± 9.04 years. The mean systolic blood pressure was 127 ± 15 mmHg. The mean diastolic blood pressure was 76 ± 9.5 mmHg. The mean blood creatinine level was 0.95 ± 0.2 mg/dl. The average blood uric acid level was 5.42 ± 0.92 mg/dl. Conclusion. Free examination Creatinine and blood uric acid levels in the elderly population in Ketewel Village are within normal limits which can indicate kidney function of the elderly population is still within normal limits. Keywords: Creatinine, uric acid, elderly, Ketewel Villag

Comparison of the effects of ethanol extract with aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber in expression of SOD-2, SOD-3, and eNOS on human vascular endothelial cells exposed by H2O2 in-Vitro I Made Jawi; I G K Arijana; I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa; AAN Subawa
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tubers have antioxidant potential in animal and human vascular endothelial, through increased expression of superoxide dismutase. This study aims to prove the comparison between ethanol extract and aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tubers increasing the expression of superoxide dismutase -2, superoxide dismutase -3, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human vascular endothelium. This study was an experimental study of the vascular endothelial cells which underwent oxidative stress in vitro, which is protected by ethanol extract or aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tuber at various concentrations. Observation of the superoxide dismutase -2, superoxide dismutase -3, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells is done using the method immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. The results showed an increase in superoxide dismutase - 2, superoxide dismutase -3, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase was significantly (p < 0.05) in endothelium protected by ethanol extract or water extract of purple sweet potato tubers. The ethanol extract only showed its effect at concentration of 1.5625 µg/ml for superoxide dismutase -2 and superoxide dismutase -3. The effect of aqueous extract were at a concentration of 1.5625–3.125µg/ml. From these results it can be concluded that the ethanol extract or aqueous extract of purple sweet potato tubers can protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress through increased expression of superoxide dismutase -2 and superoxide dismutase -3. The ethanol extract requires much lower concentrations to show its effect compared with aqueous extracts. Keywords: Aqueous extract or ethanol extract of purple sweet potato, Superoxide dismutase, Human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Co-Authors ADNYANA PUTRA, I GEDE AGUS DIVA Agus Dody Pranata Suadi Putra Anak Agung Ngurah Subawa Apolonia Berenika Badu Ayu Gita Bhagawanti Ayu Saka Laksmita W D.A.A.S. Laksmi Desak Putu Citra Udiyani Desak Putu Risky Vidika Apriyanthi Dewa Ayu Agus Sri Laksmi Dinesh Tanabbal ELVINA VERONICA Eugenia Meidy Fedik Abdul Ratam Gayathiri Mohana Krishnan Gede Wirata Hamsu Kadriyan Henky Henky I Dewa Ayu Eka Widiari Putri I Dewa Ayu Inten Primayanti I Dewa Made Agus Paramarta Putra I Gde Raka Widiana I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanthi I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanti I Gusti Kamasan I Gusti Ngurah Mayun I Gusti Nyoman Sri Wiryawan I Kadek Swastika I Ketut Tunas I Made Adi Satria Darma I Made Agus Endra Permana I Made Jawi I Made Sudarmaja I Nyoman Hariyasa Sanjaya I Nyoman Wande I Nyoman Wiryawan I Putu Dema Prasetya I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa I Wayan Sugiritama I Wayan Sugiritama I. G. A. D. Ratnayanthi I.G.N.S. Wiryawan I.N. Wande I.W. Sugiritama Ida Ayu Dewi Wiryantini Ida Ayu Ika Wahyuniari Intan Syahirah Bt Abdul Rauap JOHAN AXEL PARIURY Joshua Ezra Ronaldo Bayak JUAN PAUL CHRISTIAN HERMAN Juven Luvianto Komang Jegek Triangga Apsari Made Satria Yudha Dewangga Mahen Isaac Pannir Chelvam N. M. Linawati N.M. Linawati Ni Ketut Susilawati Ni Luh Ariwati Ni Luh Putu Eka Diarthini Ni Made Linawati Ni Made Mertaniasih Ni Made Yuli Lestari Ni Nyoman Mas Utari Rena Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti Ni Putu Candra Paramita Ni Putu Sriwidyani Ni Putu Widayanti Ni Wayan Devi Yulianti Nyoman Intan Cahaya Pertiwi Nyoman Pratiwi Hapsari Dewi P.P.A.P. Dewi Putu Ayu Asri Damayanti Raymond Elbert Budianto Romdhoni, Achmad Chusnu Ruthirar Kalaichelvam Sri Maliawan Tarvin Jit Singh Gill TIFFANY REBECCA Tjokorda Gde Agung Suwardewa Wayan Aryadana Wayan Aryadana Wayan Suardana Yogarani V.C Rajappan

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