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All Journal Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Reaktor Jurnal Natur Indonesia Microbiology Indonesia AL KAUNIYAH Jurnal Matematika & Sains Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri agriTECH Indonesian Journal of Cancer Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Akuatik: Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Jurnal Ilmiah Berkala: Sains dan Terapan Kimia Indonesian Journal of Cancer Jurnal Buana Pengabdian JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN

Leenawaty Limantara

Universitas Pembangunan Jaya

Author-ID : 305498

Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Other

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF A PIGMENT PRODUCING-BACTERIUM ASSOCIATD WITH Halimeda sp. FROM ELAND-LOCKED MARINE LAKE KAKABAN, INDONESIA Ocky Karna Radjasa; Leenawaty Limantara; Agus Sabdono
JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Vol 12, No 2 (2009): Volume 12, Number 2, Year 2009
Publisher : JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

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A pigment producing-bacterium associated with green alga Halimeda sp., was successfully isolated from a land-locked marine lake Kakaban, East Borneo, Indonesia and screened for an antibacterial activity against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterium was identified as Pseudoalteromonas piscicida based on its 16S rDNA and was found to produce xanthophyll pigments and to amplify gene fragments of Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS).

Komposisi dan Fotostabilitas Pigmen Rumput Laut Padina australis Hauck. dari Kedalaman yang Berbeda Dian Ridwan Nurdiana; Leenawati Limantara; A. B. Susanto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Rumput laut merupakan salah satu kekayaan hayati laut Indonesia, yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal terutama dari jen is rumput laut coklat. Kandungan pigmen pada rumput laut sangat dipengaruhi oleh Faktor lingkungan tempat tumbuhnya. Perbedaan kedalaman menyebabkan intensitas cahaya matahari bervariasi pada setiap zona perairan sehingga menyebabkan perbedaan pada komposisi dan kestabilan pigmen pada tumbuhan laut tersebut. Penelitian komposisi dan fbtostabilitas pigmen pada Hauck dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran cahaya da/am mempengaruhi komposisi dan stabilitas pigmen dari kedalaman yang berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil analisa KCKT dan spektrofotometer Varian Cary 50 menunjukkan perbedaan kandungan pigmen pada perbedaan kedalaman. Pada kedalaman 3 m didominasi oleh klorofil a 36,13%, klorofilid a 22,54% dan total fukoxantin 31,97%; sedangkan pada kedalaman 6 m diperoieh klorofil a 34,78%, klorofilid a 20,26% dan total fukoxantin 27,79%. Perbedaan kandungan pigmen merupakan respon adaptasi terhadap lingkungan. Sedangkan fbtostabilitas pigmen pada kedalaman 6 m lebih tahan terhadap perlakuan cahaya UV-C dan sinarpolikromatik dibandingkan pada kedalaman 3 m. Hal ini berkaitan dengan mekanisme fotoproteksi karotenoid, terhadap klorofil.Kata kunci: Fotostabilitas, Fukoxantin, Kloroffl, Rumput laut

Studi Komposisi Pigmen dan Kandungan Fukosantin Rumput Laut Cokelat dari Perairan Madura dengan Kromatogra Cair Kinerja Tinggi Leenawaty Limantara; Heriyanto Heriyanto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 15, No 1 (2010): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Variasi warna tallus pada setiap jenis rumput laut dipengaruhi oleh adanya perbedaan jenis pigmen dan kandungan pigmen dominan yang terdapat didalamnya. Oleh sebab itu, lima jenis rumput laut cokelat telah dianalisa menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) yang dilengkapi dengan detektor photodiode array untuk menentukan komposisi pigmen dan kandungan pigmen dominan fukosantin. Dua puluh enam, 27, 18, 27, dan 19 jenis pigmen telah dipisahkan dari Sargassum duplicatum, S. lipendula, S. polycystum, Padina australis dan Turbinaria conoides secara berturut-turut, dalam satu langkah kerja dengan KCKT fase terbalik menggunakan elusi gradien antara metanol, aseton dan larutan amonium asetat selama 70 menit waktu elusi untuk mendapatkan pemisahan puncak pigmen dengan resolusi yang tinggi. Identikasi pigmen dilakukan berdasarkan urutan kepolaran dan panjang gelombang serapan maksimum setiap pigmen yang dibandingkan dengan literatur yang menggunakan sampel rumput laut cokelat dan fase gerak yang relatif sama. Klorolid a, klorofil c, isomer trans fukosantin, isomer cis fukosantin, ß-kriptoxantin, zeaxantin, violaxantin, fucoxantol, klorofil a, klorofil a’, feofitin a, feofitin a’ dan ß-karoten merupakan pigmen yang ditemukan pada hampir semua rumput laut cokelat. Kandungan fukosantin ditentukan berdasarkan persamaan garis dari kurva standar fukosantin antara luas puncak fukosantin dan konsentrasi fukosantin standar. P. australis memiliki kandungan fukosantin tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan rumput laut cokelat lainnya yaitu sebesar 0,6368 mg/g berat basah. Hal ini disebabkan karena P. australis tumbuh pada kedalaman yang lebih dalam, sehingga memiliki kemampuan adaptasi khusus berupa thallus yang menyerupai lembaran daun yang digunakan dalam proses pemanenan cahaya secara efisien. Kata kunci: rumput laut cokelat, komposisi pigmen, kandungan fukosantin, KCKT The color of seaweed is influenced by the difference of the type and the content of main pigments inside of seaweed thallus. Therefore, five kinds of brown seaweed have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which equipped by photodiode array detector to determine the composition of pigment and the content of fucoxanthin. Twenty six, 27, 18, 27, and 19 pigments were separated from Sargassum duplicatum, S. filipendula, S. polycystum, Padina australis and Turbinaria conoides, respectively, in a single-step procedure by reversedphase HPLC with an elution gradient of methanol, acetone and ammonium acetate solution during elution time of 70 minutes. The high resolution peaks of the separated pigments from seaweeds have been obtained by above procedure. The identification of pigments was carried out based on the sequence of pigment polarity and the maximum absorption wavelength of each pigment. These pigment properties were compared by literature that using the brown seaweed as a sample and its mobile phase was relatively similar. Chlorophyllide a, chlorophyll c1, trans-isomer fucoxanthin, cis-isomers fucoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, fucoxanthol, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a’, phaeophytin a, phaeophytin a’ and β-carotene were pigments found in almost of brown seaweeds. The content of fucoxanthin was determined according to a line equation of the fucoxanthin standard curve between the peak area of fucoxanthin and the concentration of fucoxanthin standard. P. australis has a highest of fucoxanthin content than that of the other brown seaweeds, which is 0.6368 mg/g wet weight. This result is caused by the deeper growth place of P. australis. Therefore, P. australis has leaf-like thallus which can be used for efficient light harvesting process. Key words: brown seaweeds, pigment composition, fucoxanthin content, HPLC

Estimasi Produk Degradasi Ekstrak Kasar Pigmen Alga Merah Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty Varian Merah, Coklat, dan Hijau: Telaah Perbedaan Spektrum Serapan Helly de Fretes; A.B. Susanto; Budi Prasetyo; Heriyanto Heriyanto; Tatas H.P. Brotosudarmo; Leenawaty Limantara
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2012): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi produk degradasi pigmen ekstrak kasar alga merah Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty varian merah, coklat dan hijau yang terbentuk selama perlakuan iradiasi dan pemanasan, melalui perbedaan spektrum serapannya. Ketiga varian diekstraksi menggunakan 100% metanol. Uji fotostabilitas ekstrak pigmen dilakukan dengan iradiasi menggunakan lampu Volpi intralux 4100 pada intensitas cahaya 39300 lux, 56700 lux dan 76400 lux. Lama waktu penyinaran 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 menit. Sedangkan uji termostabilitas dilakukan pada suhu 25 dan 90 ° C selama 0, 3, 6 24, dan 48 jam. Pola spektra diukur pada panjang gelombang 300-800 nm sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Tampak Shimadzu 1700. Data dianalisis dengan SPINA Versi 3, untuk memperoleh intensitas maksimum dan perbedaan spektra serapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk degradasi pigmen ekstrak kasar alga merah K. alvarezii dapat diidentifikasi melalui spektrum serapan dan hasil perbedaan spektra serapan. Isomer cis karotenoid, karotenoid tidak berwarna, dan feofitin a diestimasi sebagai produk degradasi yang terbentuk selama perlakuan iradiasi dengan intensitas cahaya 76400 lux dan perlakuan pemanasan pada suhu 90°C selama 48 jam. Penurunan intensitas warna larutan pigmen juga mengindikasikan terbentuknya produk degradasi selama perlakuan. Kata kunci: Kappaphycus alvarezii, perbedaan spektrum serapan, produk degradasi The aims of this study were to estimate the degradation products of crude pigment extracts from red, brown, and green varieties of red alga Kappaphycus alverezii (Doty) Doty that formed during irradiation and heating treatment from their difference absorption spectra. All three variants were extracted using 100% methanol. The photostability assay of crude pigment extracts was conducted by irradiating the crude pigment extracts with a day light lamp (Volpi, Intralux 4100) at 39300 lux, 56700 lux and 76400 lux light intensity during 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes treatment, whereas the thermostability assay was performed at 25 and 90 °C for 0, 3, 6 24, and 48 hours. The absorption spectra of the crude pigment extract before and after each treatment were monitored successively at 300-800 nm using MultiSpec 1501 UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed with spina Version 3, to obtain maximum intensity and the difference absorption spectra. The results showed that the degradation products of crude pigment extracts from red alga K. alvarezii could be identified by absorption spectra and difference absorption spectra. Cis isomers carotenoids, colorless carotenoids, and feofitin-a were estimated as degradation product formed during the irradiation treatment with 76400 lux of light intensity and heating treatment at a temperature of 90 ° C for 48 hours. Decrease in the intensity of the color of pigment solution also indicates the formation of degradation products during treatment.Key words: Kappaphycus alvarezii, difference absorption spectra, degradation products

Optimasi Proses Ekstraksi Fukosantin Rumput Laut Coklat Padina australis Hauck Menggunakan Pelarut Organik Polar Leenawaty Limantara; Heriyanto Heriyanto
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 16, No 2 (2011): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Rumput laut coklat merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam laut yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Warna rumput laut coklat berasal dari salah satu pigmen dominan yang terdapat dalam rumput laut ini yaitu fukosantin, yang bermanfaat sebagai anti-kanker dan anti-obesitas. Penelitian mengenai proses optimasi ekstraksi fukosantin pada rumput laut coklat belum banyak dilakukan, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pelarut organik polar yang dapat mengekstrak fukosantin secara optimal. Fukosantin diekstraksi dari Padina australis Hauck menggunakan lima jenis pelarut organik polar, yaitu: aseton, asetonitril, dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO), etanol dan metanol. Berdasarkan hasil analisis spektrometri, nilai absorbansi pada panjang gelombang serapan maksimum (λmak) fukosantin dari spektra serapan ekstrak kasar pigmen, Padina australis Hauck yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut metanol memiliki nilai absorbansi relatif tinggi yaitu 0,9338 hampir sama ketika DMSO dan etanol digunakan sebagai pelarut ekstraksi. Hasil ini diperkuat oleh hasil analisis kandungan fukosantin dengan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) dimana kandungan fukosantin mencapai 2,6049 mg/g berat kering dengan pelarut metanol dan kandungan fukosantin ini lebih tinggi 1,08-1,71 kali dibandingkan menggunakan pelarut organik polar lainnya. Kemurnian fukosantin dapat ditentukan berdasarkan nilai persentase luas puncak fukosantin (isomer cis dan trans fukosantin) terhadap luas dari seluruh puncak pigmen yang dapat dipisahkan pada kromatogram KCKT. Pelarut metanol memiliki nilai persentase luas puncak fukosantin relatif tinggi yaitu 60,11%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka metanol merupakan pelarut yang terbaik untuk mengekstrak fukosantin dari Padina australis Hauck. Kata kunci: pelarut organik polar, ekstraksi, kandungan fuksosantin, Padina australis Hauck Brown seaweed, is one of marine natural resources, grows naturally and abundantly at Indonesian coastal waters, and yet Indonesians have not utilized it optimally. The color of brown seaweed ascribes to one kind of dominant pigments that this seaweed contains, namely fucoxanthin. Fucoxanthin has potent beneficial effects on human health, such as anti-cancer and anti-obesity properties. However, the research concerning the optimization of fucoxanthin extraction on brown seaweed has not been much done. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the polar-organic solvent that can optimally extract fucoxanthin. Fucoxanthin was extracted from Padina australis Hauck by using various polar-organic solvents (such as acetone, acentonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol and methanol). The result of spectrometry analysis, absorbance values at maximum absorption wavelength (λmak) of fucoxanthin from absorption spectra of pigment-crude extracts, showed that Padina australis Hauck extracted by methanol solvent has a relatively high absorbance value, i.e. 0.9338. This absorbance value was almost of the same value when DMSO and ethanol solvents are used as extraction solvent. This result supported the result of fucoxanthin content analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), where fucoxantin content was 2.6049 mg/g dry weight and this fucoxanthin content is 1.08-1.71 times higher when another polar-organic solvent was applied. The purity of fucoxantin can be determined from area percentage of fucoxantin peaks (cis and trans isomers fucoxanthin) toward the area of all pigments peaks that could be separated on HPLC chromatogram. Methanol solvent has a high area percentage value of 60.11%. Based on these experimental results, it can be claimed that methanol solvent is the best solvent for fucoxanthin extraction from brown seaweed Padina australis Hauck. Key words: polar-organic solvent, extraction, fucoxanthin content, Padina australis Hauck

PENGARUH PROSES PENGERINGAN RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorriza ROXB) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN DAN KOMPOSISI KURKUMINOID Bambang Cahyono; Muhammad Diah Khoirul Huda; Leenawaty Limantara
Reaktor Volume 13, Nomor 3, Juni 2011
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

EFFECT OF DRYING PROCESSES ON CURCUMINOID CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorriza ROXB) RHIZOMES. Curcuminoid a yellow coloring agent of turmeric is known to have many benefits in food and medicinal industries. This compound can be isolated by simple extraction from fresh rhizome or symplicia. The research of comparing qualitative and quantitative of curcuminoid in different drying process has not yet been published. Drying methods used in this research were done in an oven at 60°C and under 30-watt electrical lamp at ±30°C. Each method was carried out in time variation of 1, 3, and 5 days. Extraction of curcuminoid was done using ethanol 95% followed by fat reduction process using petroleum ether. Curcuminoid analysis was done by TLC, UV-Visible spectrophotometer and HPLC. The result showed that the water content of all samples was approximately 4.06%-7.76%. TLC analysis identified the presence of two dominant components in the curcuminoid with the Rf values of 0.37 and 0.15. The UV-Visible spectra indicated that simplicia would give more result in curcuminoid than fresh rhizome. There were 4 substances detected in HPLC analysis, they were curcumin 61-67%, demetoxycurcumin 22-26%, bisdemetoxycurcumin 1-3%, and curcuminoid derivative 10-11%. In addition, drying on oven resulted brighter and crispier simplicia than drying under lamp. Kurkuminoid yang merupakan zat utama yang berwarna kuning dalam temulawak telah diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat di bidang kesehatan dan makanan. Bahan ini dapat diisolasi dari bahan segar atau simplisia kering melalui ekstraksi. Riset yang mencoba membandingkan kualitas dan kuantitas kurkuminoid akibat perlakuan panas pada saat pembuatan simplisia hingga sekarang belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian dimulai dengan pengeringan temulawak segar setelah dirajang pada oven suhu 60°C dan pada pengeringan lampu listrik 30 watt pada suhu ± 30°C. Masing-masing metode dilakukan variasi lama pengeringan 1, 3, 5 hari. Ekstraksi kurkuminoid dilakukan menggunakan etanol 95% dan defatisasi menggunakan petroleum eter, sedangkan analisis kualtatif dan kuantitatif kurkuminoid direalisasikan dengan KLT, spektrofotometer UV-Tampak dan KCKT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan air semua sampel sekitar 4,06%-7,76%. Analisis KLT mengidentifikasi adanya dua komponen dominan dalam kurkuminoid dengan nilai Rf 0,37 dan 0,15. Hasil analisis Spektrofotometri UV-tampak memberikan keenderungan bahwa kurkuminoid dari sampel kering lebih mudah terekstraksi daripada sampel basah. Kromatogram HPLC dapat mendeteksi adanya 4 senyawa yaitu kurkumin 61-67%, demetoksikurkumin 22-26%, bisdemetoksikurkumin 1-3%, dan turunan kurkuminoid 10-11%, urutan prosentase masing-masing komponen tetap sama selama proses pengeringan. Hasil penelitian ini juga telah dapat menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan kondisi operasi pengeringan sangat mempenaruhi penampakan simplisia yang dihasilkan, pengeringan oven memiliki warna lebih cerah dan lebih meremah daripada pengeringan lampu.

Exploration, Isolation and Quantification of β-carotene from Bacterial Symbion of Acropora sp. NAELY K. WUSQY; LEENAWATY LIMANTARA; FERRY F KARWUR
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

In the microbial world, pigments are one of the most conspicuous traits. Marine bacteria associated with Acropora sp. collected from Taka Cemara, Karimunjawa Islands were screened for the production of a yellow pigment. The isolation of bacterial symbionts from Acropora sp. on Zobell 2216E medium resulted in one bacterium, KJ5, positively synthesized carotenoids. By reverse phase HPLC analysis, one peak of the pigment types was identified as a β-carotene peak which appeared at 60.24 min. Then, sample of the β-carotene was collected and identified according to their spectral characteristics and compared with the published data in different types of solvent. Based on the HPLC analysis, the total β-carotene contents were calculated by converting the broad absorption of β-carotene. Molecular identification of the bacterium KJ5 using 16S rDNA showed that bacterium KJ5 was closely related to Erythrobacter flavus with 96% homology value.

AKTIVITAS TERMOPROTEKSI DAN FOTOPROTEKSI EKSTRAK KASAR KAROTENOID MESOKARP KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) TERHADAP KESTABILAN KLOROFIL-A) Dece Elisabeth Sahertian; Indriatmoko Indriatmoko; Leenawaty Limantara; Tatas Hardo Panintingjati Brotosudarmo
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 12, No 1 (2019): Al-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

AbstrakKelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung karotenoid tinggi pada mesokarp yang merupakan bagian dari buah. Cahaya dan suhu dalam proses fotosintesis memberi pengaruh bagi kestabilan dan ketidakstabilan karotenoid dan klorofil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas fotostabilitas dan termostabilitas ekstrak karotenoid mesokarp terhadap klorofil-a yang diiradiasi dengan lampu volpi (intralux 4100) daylight pada intensitas cahaya 31960 lux, 47040 lux dan 76640 lux dalam seri waktu penyinaran 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 menit serta dipanaskan pada suhu 25, 50, 65, dan 90 °C dengan seri waktu pemanasan 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, dan 24 jam. Pengukuran spektrum serapan tiap perlakuan diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Tampak pada panjang gelombang 300–800 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karotenoid tidak melakukan fungsi proteksi dengan baik pada perlakuan pemanasan 65 °C dan 90 °C selama 24 jam, serta perlakuan iradiasi hingga 30 menit pada ketiga intensitas cahaya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah klorofil-a murni lebih stabil pada perlakuan pemanasan dan iradiasi. Kemampuan proteksi karotenoid terhadap kestabilan klorofil-a yaitu pada suhu di bawah 50 °C dan pada intensitas cahaya di bawah 31960 lux.Abstract Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a plant that contains high carotenoids in its mesocarp which is part of the fruit. Light and temperature in photosynthesis may affect the stability and instability of carotenoid and chlorophyll. The aim of this research was to examine the thermostability and photostability activities of the carotenoids in mesocarp extract on chlorophyll which were irradiated by Volpi lamp (4100 intralux) daylight at light intensity of 31960 lux, 47040 lux and 76640 lux in series of time radiation 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes and heated at 25, 50, 65, and 90°C with series of heating time 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours. Measurement of the absorption spectrum of each treatment was measured using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 300–800 nm. The results showed the protective function of carotenoids did not perform well at the heating treatments of 65°C and 90°C in 24 hours and at the irradiation for 30 minutes in all the light intensities. In conclusion, pure chlorophyll-a is more stable in heating and irradiation treatments. Carotenoid protection ability against chlorophyll-a is at temperatures below 50 °C and at a light intensity below 31960 lux.

PHOTOSTABILITY OF BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL a AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL SENSITIZERS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC CANCER THERAPY: THE STUDY ON ACETONE-WATER AND METHANOL-WATER SOLVENTS Leenawaty Limantara; Heriyanto Heriyanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 11, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The determination of photostability for Mg-BChl a, Zn-BPheo a and Cu-BPheo a irradiated with red light (≥ 630 nm, 870 lux) and equilibrated with air for 20 min in acetone-water and methanol-water solvents at various percentages of water has been done. The presence of light and oxygen in the pigment solution cause the pigment instable. The pigment stability toward photooxidation is extremely influenced by solvent properties, including oxidation potential value and solvent abilities to form coordination and aggregate. Degradation products of pigment during irradiation treatment can be detected by increment of absorption at the absorption spectrum or occurrence of new positive absorption bands at the different absorption spectra. Cu-BPheo a is a promising photosensitizer based on its stability toward photooxidation in acetone-water solvents.

THE ISOMERIZATION AND OXIDATION OF CAROTENOID COMPOUNDS IN THE OIL PALM FRUIT DURING PRODUCTIONS OF CPO Reni Subawati Kusumaningtyas; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Isomerization and oxidation have been known as the major factors of the degradation of carotenoid compounds. Results showed that the isomerization of the carotenoid in the oil palm fruit, during the sterilization process, promotes the decrease of the concentration of trans a- and trans b-carotene approximately 21and 8%. The decrements have continued on the fruit digestion, pressing, and clarification processes. The isomerization is also indicated by the decreasing of the main peak spectra absorption intensity of a- and b-carotene about ±10,4%. The spectra showed hypsocromic shift by ±3 nm. On the other hand, the oxidation of carotenoid has occurred in all steps of crude palm oil (CPO) production. The oxidation of a-carotene has caused the increasing amount of lutein: 49% of fruit after sterilization proces (BSt), 57% of crude oil after pressing (MSK), 17% of oil expurifier (MPF), and 5% of CPO product. The oxidation of b-carotene will increase the amount of zeaxantin: 53% of fruit after sterilization proces (BSt), 9% of crude oil after pressing (MSK), and 4% of oil expurifier (MPF).

Co-Authors A. B. Susanto A.B. SUSANTO AB Susanto Adhiwibawa, Marcelinus A.S. Agus Sabdono Aji Wahyu Budiyanto Amelia Myristi Lolita Antonius Budi Susanto Ayu Nur Aida Bambang Cahyono Budi Prasetyo C Hanny Wijaya Christina Astutiningsih Dece Elisabeth Sahertian Diah Mustika Lukitasari Diah Mustika Lukitasari, Diah Mustika Dian Resita Dian Ridwan Nurdiana Dwi I Prayitmo DWI SUSILANINGSIH EDWIN MAHENDRA Elly Natalina Endrika Widyastuti Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah Ferry Fredy Karwur Fitriyah Nurhidayah Gabriela Johana Septiany, Gabriela Johana Hana Susanti Maleta Hari Kristopo Helly de Fretes Heriyanto . Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heryanto Heryanto Hong, Khoo Mun Indriatmoko Indriatmoko Jaya Mahar Maligan Junet. F. da Costa Katarina Purnomo Salim Lia Kusmita M. Rio Syahputra Madalena Madalena Maleta, Hana Susanti Maria Ika Putri Soegiarto, Maria Ika Putri Muhammad Diah Khoirul Huda Naely K Wusqy NAELY K. WUSQY Naomi Megananda Mulyadi Naomi Megananda Mulyadi, Naomi Megananda Naurissa Biasini Naurissa Biasini Neltji Herlina Ati Novita Wijayanti Nur Ida Panca Nugrahini Ocky K Radjasa Ocky K. Radjasa Ocky K. Radjasa Ocky Karna Radjasa Prasetyandaru Pirenantyo Prasetyandaru Pirenantyo, Prasetyandaru Pratika Riris Putrianti Pratika Riris Putrianti Puji Rahayu Puji Rahayu Rebecca Christiana Reni Dyanasari Reni Dyanasari Reni Subawati Kusumaningtyas Renny Indrawati Renny Indrawati Renny Indrawati, Renny Reny Pratiwi Rosita Dwi Chandra Rosita Dwi Chandra, Rosita Dwi Salim, Katarina Purnomo Sitepu, Rehmadanta Soenarto Notosoedarmo Soenarto Notosudarmo Sulistyowati Sulistyowati Suryasatriya Trihandaru Susanti Pudji Hastuti Tatas H.P. Brotosudarmo Teti Estiasih Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih Venny Santosa Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri Windu Merdekawati Yundari, Yundari _ Heriyanto

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