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THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG AND WEAK ACID UPON AGGREGATION AND PHEOPHYTINIZATION OF CHLOROPHYLL A AND B Lia Kusmita; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1065.36 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21564

Abstract

Chlorophyll is green pigment that can be found in plant chloroplast. Higher plants usually have two kinds of chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and b. These green pigments are easily degraded by temperature, light intensity, oxygen, acid, and water. Water causes aggregation of chlorophyll, while acid causes pheophytinization of chlorophyll. Aggregation and pheophytinization process of chlorophyll are influenced by solvents. This study was conducted to observe the spectral difference of aggregated chlorophyll in acetone and methanol upon pheophytinization by strong (HCl) and weak acid (CH3COOH), in comparison to the non-aggregated chlorophyll. Observation of spectral pattern was carried out using double beam spectrophotometer CARY 50 at 350-1100 nm. The result shows that pheophytinization of chlorophyll a and b causes hypsochromic shift, particularly at Soret band. There are new peak formations in Qx region, specifically at 506 and 535 nm for pheophytinized-chlorophyll a, and at 371, 435, 526 and 599 nm for pheophytinized-chlorophyll b.
COORDINATION STATE AND AGGREGATION PROCESS OF BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL A AND ITS DERIVATIVES : STUDY ON ACETONE-WATER AND METHANOL-WATER SOLVENTS Heriyanto Heriyanto; Suryasatriya Trihandaru; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1255.772 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21571

Abstract

Research on bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a and its derivatives had been conducted to determine the coordination state and the aggregation process in acetone-water and methanol-water. The results showed that there were mainly two absorption peaks in BChl a and its derivatives, namely: Qx and Qy that were very sensitive to coordination state and aggregation process. The coordination state of pigment could be determined based on Qx absorption peak that was influenced by solvents. In addition, the donor number (DN) and taft parameters (β and π*) from each sovents could also be used to determine the coordination state. One or two of axial coordination toward center metal of BChl a and its derivatives have to be filled by donor electron as a foreign nucleophile. Mg-BChl was exist as five-coordinate complexes in acetone but as six-coordinate complexes in methanol. Five-coordinate complexes of Zn-BChl was occurred either in acetone or methanol. Cu-BChl was exist as four-coordinate complexes in acetone but altered to five-coordinate complexes in methanol. The agregation process was influenced by the existence of water added in pigment solution. The order of Mg-BChl a and its derivatives abilities to form new aggregate in acetone-water and methanol-water, in regard of water-addition percentage was as follow: Cu-BChl > Zn-BChl > Mg-BChl. Methanol was the solvent that could form aggregate of Mg-BChl and its derivatives at lower water-addition percentage compared to acetone.
PHOTODEGRADATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CHLOROPHYLL a FROM SPIRULINA (Spirulina sp.) POWDER Rebecca Christiana; Hari Kristopo; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (228.791 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21628

Abstract

Research on chlorophyll a from Spirulina (Spirulina sp.) powder has been done in order to determine chlorophyll a content, to compare degradation pattern and kinetics degradation of chlorophyll a and crude extract as well as to investigate the difference of antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a with or without irradiation. Chlorophyll a content in spirulina powder was calculated by using Porra's equation. Irradiation and recovery ability of chlorophyll a were measured by using volpi light (Intralux 6100) equipped with daylight filter. The antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a was determined by using DPPH method. The results showed that chlorophyll a content was 2.886 μg/g dry weight. Chlorophyll a has the higher stability than crude extract against 60 minutes irradiation at room temperature. Kinetics degradation of chlorophyll a was based on second order while crude extract based on first order. Chlorophyll a and crude extract have recovery ability. The results also showed that antioxidant activity of chlorophyll a was increased after 60 minutes of irradiation.
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY: NEW LIGHT IN MEDICINE WORLD Venny Santosa; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (210.004 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21638

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a considerably new kind of photochemotherapeutic treatment in medical field. It combines the use of three components, which are a photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Photosensitizer is a compound activated by light. The application can be oral, topical or intravenous. It usually member of porphyrin group with ampiphilic characteristics. Photosensitizer can be of generation I, II or III, each generation step develops more specificity, selectivity and deeper tissue application. This review will discuss photosensitizer development consecutively, with its benefit and lackness. The light used is usually on red region, while the oxygen is involved in reactive oxygen species generation. Its mechanism action can go through either in type I or type II reaction. This kind of therapy is usually being used in oncology, especially in superficial and in-lining cancers, dermatology and ophthalmology field. This therapy can be safely given to patients with complication and has distinct advantages compare with other treatment such as chemotherapy and surgery. It also considerably has lesser side effects and risks. Broader application is being developed through various experiments and photosensitizer modification.
THE EFFECT OF HEATING TIME TO THE CONTENT OF PIGMENTS AND VITAMIN A IN CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) AND CEARA-RUBBER (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) LEAVES Madalena Madalena; Heriyanto Heriyanto; Susanti Pudji Hastuti; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 7, No 1 (2007)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (214.689 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21722

Abstract

Cassava and ceara-rubber leaves are leavy vegetables that can not be consumed in raw form because they contained cyanide, therefore cooking process is needed to remove the cyanide.  However cooking process cause the changes of  the content of pigments and vitamin A. The aims of the research are to know and to compare the effect of heating time to the content of pigments and vitamin A in cassava and ceara-rubber leaves. Content of chlorophyll and carotenoid was analized base of Porra and Lichtenthaler equations, respectively, while pheophytin content was analyzed base on HPLC. The result shown that the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and vitamin A of cassava and ceara-rubber leaves were reduced, while the content of pheophytin was increased during heating. Pheophytin was the main product degradation of chlorophyll during heating of cassava and ceara-rubber leaves.
THE COMPOSITION AND THE CONTENT OF PIGMENTS FROM SOME DYEING PLANT FOR IKAT WEAVING IN TIMORRESE REGENCY, EAST NUSA TENGGARA Neltji Herlina Ati; Puji Rahayu; Soenarto Notosoedarmo; Leenawaty Limantara
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (292.093 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.21741

Abstract

Ikat weaving is one of traditional-home industry using plant pigments as a dye which have not been known for their pigments composition. So, the research was carried out to know the composition and the content of pigments in young leaf teak, noni root, turmeric tuber, casuarine bark and betel-nut root. The result showed that pigment composition in young leaf teak consisted of β-carotene, pheophytine, phelargonydine 3-glucosyde, phelargonydine 3,7-diglucosyde, chlorophyllide and two other pigments that have not been identified. Most of the pigments composition in betel-nut root have not been identified, but one of them was condensed tanin. Noni root had pigment composition which consisted of hydrolised tanin, flavonoid and morindon. Pigment composition in turmeric tuber were curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Whereas casuarine bark had pigment composition which consisted of delphynidine, cyanydine and phelargonydine. The highest pigment concentration in young leaf teak, betel-nut root, noni root, tumeric tuber and casuarine bark was pheophytine, tanin condensation, morindon, curcumin and cyanidine, respectively.
DEAGREGASI EKSTRAK KASAR PIGMEN (Sargassum crasifolium) J.G. AGARDH DALAM PELARUT ASETON DAN METANOL EDWIN MAHENDRA; LIA KUSMITA; A.B. SUSANTO; LEENAWATY LIMANTARA
Akuatik: Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan Vol 2 No 2 (2008): AKUATIK : Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (641.041 KB)

Abstract

Several kinds of algae have high economical value because its nutrition and chemical composition can be used in every social aspects. One of them is Brown algae, Sargassum crasifolium which contains photosynthesis pigment, that is chlorophyl a and c. According to Goodwin (1974) and Fitton (2005) this algae is very rich of karotenoid, a kind of fukosantin. According to Gross (1991), chloropyhl will be easy to have degradation if there is extremely environmental changing, for instances: temperature, light intensity, and acid. This research is aimed to know the influence of acid on the aggregate and rough extract spectrum system of Sargassum crasifolium in aseton and metanol by in vitro which has been formed after adding water. Adding acid either asetat acid or hydrochloric acid forms Feofitin Tang indicated by the changing of rough extract spectrum system of Sargassum crasifolium in Qy, Qx and Soret. Kinds of solvent and amount of acid do influence the extract deaggregation process of Sargassum crasifolium. Hydrochloric acid and CH3COOH are able to deaggregate the extract of Sargassum crasifolium in aseton and metanol which has been formed after adding water. If we compare them, HCL will be more significant than CH3COOH to deaggregate.
KANDUNGAN DAN KOMPOSISI PIGMEN Sargassum sp. PADA PERAIRAN TELUK AWUR, JEPARA DENGAN PERLAKUAN SEGAR DAN KERING Dian Resita; Windu Merdekawati; AB Susanto; Leenawaty Limantara
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 12, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfs.2897

Abstract

Sargassum sp. is one of seaweed species that abundance and widespread in Indonesia. Besides alginates, Sargassum sp. also contains photosynthesis pigment i.e. chlorophyll a and c, carotene, and fucoxanthin. To date, Sargassum sp. is only used in the form of alginates colloid for industrial raw material with drying process prior to production. Dried process of Sargassum sp. cause pigment degradation especially chlorophyll. The aim of this research was to determine the content and pigment composition of fresh and dried Sargassum sp. Pigment identifi  cation was conducted by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The contents were analyzed by HPLC. Results showed that Sargassum sp. contain pigment fucoxanthin range from 21.80 to 73.10%, chlorophyll a range from 0.73 to 54.96%, chlorophyll c range from 0.28 to 1.09% and carotene 0.38%. The research results showed that fresh and dry Sargassum sp. contain same pigment composition that were as carotene, pheophytin a, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin.
PENELUSURAN SENYAWA BIOAKTIF BAKTERI YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN ANEMON LAUT SERTA IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULERNYA BERBASIS 16S rDNA Naely K Wusqy; Dwi I Prayitmo; Ocky K Radjasa; Leenawaty Limantara; Ferry F Karwur1
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 14, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jfs.9049

Abstract

Sea anemone-associated microorganisms are among of the most interesting and promising marine natural product sources, which produce various biological activities. In this study, marine bacteria were isolated from 2 kinds of sea anemones, Entacmaea medusivora and Green Anemone that were collected from Bandengan, Jepara and Maratua, East Borneo respectively. Nine bacterial isolatesof E.medusivora were screened for antibacterial activity against 8 strains. One out of 9 bacterial isolates was successfully screened and was found to be active against V. parahaemolyticus strains. This active isolate was also capable of amplifying PKS gene fragments necessary for the biosynthesis of polyketide synthase. The identifi cation results revealed that the active isolate is Bacillus cereus. One bacterial isolate of Green Anemone was screened to produce the pigment and positively synthesize carotenoids. Initial analysis with atomic absorption spectrophotometric method revealed that the wave length of bacterial pigment were in the range of 300-600 nm, which are categorized that within the group of carotenoid pigments. From the results of molecular identifi cation by 16S rDNA method, it was shown that bacterium was closely related to Xanthomonas sp.
TERAPI FOTODINAMIK ANTIMIKROBA: PROSPEK BARU DALAM PENANGANAN PANGAN? Renny Indrawati; Amelia Myristi Lolita; Leenawaty Limantara
Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia Vol 15, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1041.911 KB) | DOI: 10.20527/jstk.v15i1.8771

Abstract

Terapi fotodinamik antimikroba merupakan kombinasi reaksi fisika dan kimia yang melibatkan interaksi antara sensitizer, cahaya, dan oksigen, untuk menghasilkan spesi oksigen reaktif yang dapat memicu kematian sel mikroba. Sensitizer merupakan senyawa kimia yang dapat teraktivasi oleh cahaya. Senyawa yang dapat digunakan sebagai sensitizer antara lain adalah dari kelompok zat warna dengan struktur trisiklik (riboflavin, metilen biru, eritrosin), tetrapirol (klorofil, porfirin, ftalosianina), serta fukokoumarin (psoralen, ksantotoksin). Cahaya yang digunakan tidak terbatas pada rentang ultra-violet, sebagaimana telah banyak diaplikasikan pada metode disinfeksi, tetapi juga dapat berasal dari rentang panjang gelombang cahaya tampak. Pembentukan spesi oksigen reaktif dapat melalui jalur mekanisme transfer energi ataupun transfer elektron. Metode inaktivasi mikroba secara fotodinamik menawarkan perlakuan tanpa panas, waktu kerja yang singkat, meminimalkan kemungkinan berkembangnya resistensi mikroba, serta ramah lingkungan. Kajian pustaka ini akan membahas tentang komponen terapi fotodinamik antimikroba, mekanisme reaksi, perkembangan penelitian di dalam dan luar negeri, serta prospek aplikasinya dalam penanganan pangan.
Co-Authors A. B. Susanto A.B. SUSANTO AB Susanto Adhiwibawa, Marcelinus A.S. Agus Sabdono Aji Wahyu Budiyanto Amelia Myristi Lolita Antonius Budi Susanto Ayu Nur Aida Bambang Cahyono Budi Prasetyo C Hanny Wijaya Christina Astutiningsih Dece Elisabeth Sahertian Diah Mustika Lukitasari Diah Mustika Lukitasari, Diah Mustika Dian Resita Dian Ridwan Nurdiana Dwi I Prayitmo DWI SUSILANINGSIH EDWIN MAHENDRA Elly Natalina Endrika Widyastuti Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah Ferry Fredy Karwur Fitriyah Nurhidayah Gabriela Johana Septiany, Gabriela Johana Hana Susanti Maleta Hari Kristopo Helly de Fretes Heriyanto . Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heriyanto Heryanto Heryanto Hong, Khoo Mun Indriatmoko Indriatmoko Jaya Mahar Maligan Junet. F. da Costa Katarina Purnomo Salim Lia Kusmita M. Rio Syahputra Madalena Madalena Maleta, Hana Susanti Maria Ika Putri Soegiarto, Maria Ika Putri Muhammad Diah Khoirul Huda Naely K Wusqy NAELY K. WUSQY Naomi Megananda Mulyadi Naomi Megananda Mulyadi, Naomi Megananda Naurissa Biasini Naurissa Biasini Neltji Herlina Ati Novita Wijayanti Nur Ida Panca Nugrahini Ocky K Radjasa Ocky K. Radjasa Ocky K. Radjasa Ocky Karna Radjasa Prasetyandaru Pirenantyo Prasetyandaru Pirenantyo, Prasetyandaru Pratika Riris Putrianti Pratika Riris Putrianti Puji Rahayu Puji Rahayu Rebecca Christiana Reni Dyanasari Reni Dyanasari Reni Subawati Kusumaningtyas Renny Indrawati Renny Indrawati Renny Indrawati, Renny Reny Pratiwi Rosita Dwi Chandra Rosita Dwi Chandra, Rosita Dwi Salim, Katarina Purnomo Sitepu, Rehmadanta Soenarto Notosoedarmo Soenarto Notosudarmo Sulistyowati Sulistyowati Suryasatriya Trihandaru Susanti Pudji Hastuti Tatas H.P. Brotosudarmo Teti Estiasih Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih Venny Santosa Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri Windu Merdekawati Yundari, Yundari _ Heriyanto