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Islam and Human Rights: Friend or Foe? Fariz Ulul Abshar; Al Khanif; A'an Efendi; Muktafi Muktafi
ADDIN Vol 15, No 2 (2021): ADDIN
Publisher : LPPM IAIN Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/addin.v15i2.14868

In the context of the relationship between Islam and democracy along with human rights, Islam represents two opposing positions (the two faces of Islam). On the one hand, Islam is seen as a religion of compassion (raḥmat li al-‘ālamīn), respects plurality, upholds tolerance and cares about human rights. On the other hand, Islam is often identified with separatism, discrimination, intolerance and violent phenomena. In Islamic countries and Muslim-majority countries, violations of human rights frequently occur. Islam often appears with a double face. In addition to being a source of law to bring about peace, it is often used as the basis for violent ideologies from state’s repressive policies to terrorism movements. This article elaborates on the basic concept of human rights in Islam and the dynamics of protecting and upholding human rights. Using a conceptual approach, this study aims to seek religious awareness in the midst of globalization where religion can strengthen the concepts of human rights. When religion is used as a source in the rational policy framework of a country, especially the protection and enforcement of human rights, it can be ascertained that human rights in that country will flourish and will be accepted by the citizens.

Pengarusutamaan Moderasi Islam di Masjid Nasional al-Akbar Surabaya (MAS) Muktafi Muktafi
Islamika Inside: Jurnal Keislaman dan Humaniora Vol 4 No 1 (2018): JUNI
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Humaniora (FUAH) UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember

This article discusses the dynamics of mainstreaming Moderate Islam in the Masjid Nasional Al-Akbar Surabaya (MAS) by analyzing how the design of Islamic moderation developed by MAS managers. This article also analyzes the sermon material delivered by the preachers during a khutbah on Friday can have an impact on mainstreaming moderate Islam. The construction of Moderate Islam at the MAS is Islam raá¸¥mah li al-â€˜ÄlamÄ«n by carrying out and upholding five basic principles, namely: tawÄsuá¹, tawÄzun, taâ€˜Ädul, tasÄmuá¸¥, and amr maâ€˜rÅ«f wa nahy â€˜an al-munkar bi al-maâ€˜rÅ«f. The dynamics of mainstreaming Moderate Islam carried out by MAS is with the strategy of escorting daâ€˜wah starting from choosing khotib/dai, determining the themes of Islam that give mercy to all humans by upholding al-akhlÄq al-karÄ«mah according to MASâ€™s vision, mission and value by putting forward mandate, istikamah, giving uswah, being responsible, and li jamÄ«â€˜ al-ummah).

The Philosophical Problem of Evil in the Intellectual System of Suhrawardī and John Hick Zamzami, Mukhammad; Eskandian, Abdullah Hosseini; Muktafi, Muktafi; Mukaffa, Zumrotul
Jurnal Theologia Vol 32, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : The Faculty of Islamic Theology and Humanities, UIN Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.2.8569

The debate over the term “evil” is one of the most contentious issues in philosophy, as this term is considered to be antithetical to existence. Suhrawardī al-Maqtūl, a prominent Islamic theosophist, believed that evil did not exist. That which is considered evil or not evil is a suggestion for achieving good, and as such, it is also good. As a result, the term “crime” does not exist. What Suhrawardī said contrasted with John Hick’s view in the article “Theodicy of Soul Cultivation.” Hick concludes that basically evil exists, but only insofar as it is required to develop and evolve the human psyche and spirituality. After comparing the thoughts of these two figures, this article concludes that their partisan defence of God’s existence and His attributes regarding evil is what leads us to their views on the term “evil” and solutions to solve the crime. Suhrawardi and Hick both believe that the existence of evil does not preclude the existence of God because God is absolute. God is not against good or evil. What has considered evil is the judgment of one’s misunderstanding or the requirements for obtaining charity.

THE LOGICAL PROBLEM OF EVIL IN ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY: A Comparative Approach in the Thought System of Ibn Sînâ and Richard Swinburne Zamzami, Mukhammad; HosseiniEskandian, Abdullah; Aabaszadeh, Aabas; Muktafi, Muktafi
MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman Vol 45, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : State Islamic University North Sumatra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30821/miqot.v45i1.823

Abstract: The study of the ideas of Ibn Sînâ and Richard Swinburne as the pioneers of Islamic philosophy and the West philosophy, and on the other hand, the existing scholastic and ideological differences, is something that can help us to become more familiar with the thoughts of these philosophers and intellectual differences and similarities. In this research, with the analytical method and using the necessary documents, the nature, types, and solutions of evil in the thought of Ibn Sînâ and Swinburne are examined, and also the two philosophers’ thoughts about evil are compared. Both philosophers have considered the existence of evil not in contradiction with the divine attributes, but it is necessary for the acquisition of good, the minimum existence of which is necessary for the best system of creation.Keywords: evil, Ibn Sînâ, Richard Swinburne, Divine attributes, world of creation

KONFLIK PEMAKAMAN NON MUSLIM DI LINGKUNGAN PEMAKAMAN ISLAM DI DESA NGIMBANGAN KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO PERSPEKTIF EGALITARIAN RECIPROCITY SEYLA BENHABIB Ardhana, Cahya; Muktafi, Muktafi
Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 6 No. 8 (2025): Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.6578/triwikrama.v6i8.9918

The burial conflict of non-Muslims in an Islamic cemetery in Ngimbangan Village, Mojokerto Regency, reflects the challenges of implementing principles of justice and equality in a multicultural society. Using Seyla Benhabib's theory of egalitarian reciprocity, this study highlights the importance of treating every individual fairly, regardless of their religious background. This conflict arose due to the clash of interests between majority and minority groups. This qualitative research employs a descriptive method, relying on data collected through interviews and direct observation. The findings reveal that dialogue and deliberations involving religious leaders, local communities, and village authorities serve as a means to apply the principles of justice and equality. These efforts not only support decisions that respect minority rights but also foster collective awareness of the importance of mutual respect in interfaith relations. However, resistance from some community members who feel their interests are inadequately accommodated poses a significant challenge to the implementation of egalitarian reciprocity. This study underscores the importance of inclusive approaches in resolving such conflicts, ultimately contributing to sustainable social harmony. Konflik pemakaman non-Muslim di lingkungan pemakaman Islam di Desa Ngimbangan, Kabupaten Mojokerto, mencerminkan tantangan dalam menerapkan prinsip keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam masyarakat multikultural. Menggunakan teori egalitarian reciprocity oleh Seyla Benhabib, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya memperlakukan setiap individu secara adil tanpa memandang latar belakang agama. Konflik ini muncul akibat benturan kepentingan antara kelompok mayoritas dan minoritas. Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif ini mengandalkan data dari wawancara dan observasi langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dialog dan musyawarah yang melibatkan tokoh agama, masyarakat lokal, dan pemerintah desa menjadi sarana untuk menerapkan prinsip keadilan dan kesetaraan. Upaya tersebut tidak hanya mendukung keputusan yang menghormati hak kelompok minoritas tetapi juga membangun kesadaran bersama akan pentingnya saling menghormati dalam hubungan antar umat beragama. Namun, resistensi dari sebagian masyarakat yang merasa kepentingannya kurang terakomodasi menjadi tantangan utama dalam implementasi prinsip egalitarian reciprocity. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan inklusif untuk menyelesaikan konflik semacam ini, yang pada akhirnya dapat menciptakan harmoni sosial yang berkelanjutan.

Pesantren and Ecotheology: Mainstreaming Ecological Consciousness in Pesantren Langitan, East Java, Indonesia Yardlo, Moh; Muktafi, Muktafi; Mahzumi, Fikri; Arifka, Angga; Sudarman, Mei Ariani
Journal of Education and Religious Studies Vol. 4 No. 02 (2024): Education, Religious, Law and inclusivity
Publisher : Academia Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57060/jers-mm1fwd90

This participatory research aimed to enhance the ecological consciousness of the Santri (students) of Pesantren Langitan, a traditional Islamic boarding school in Tuban, East Java, Indonesia. This pesantren was chosen as the subject based on its geographical location along the Solo River. From an ecological perspective, this location has facilitated the implementation of various environmental initiatives, including promoting green consciousness among the local community, encouraging reforestation along the riverbanks, discouraging waste disposal into the river, and other similar actions aimed at preserving the river ecosystem. Another factor that contributed to the selection of Pesantren Langitan as the subject was its traditional Islamic boarding school nature, focusing on studying classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning). Therefore, the research will likely contribute to promoting Islamic ecotheology. The research employed a participatory action approach, wherein Kyai, Ustaz, and santri were actively engaged in the program's planning, implementation, and evaluation. The theme-based program yielded successful outcomes in four key areas: (1) enhancing green consciousness among the santri, (2) formulating a green fiqh concept, (3) promoting green da'wa on social media, and (4) implementing green activities within the pesantren environment.

TAREKAT DAN NASIONALISME: Kiprah Kebangsaan Jam‘iyyah Ahlith Thariqah Al-Mu Mahzumi, Fikri; Muktafi, Muktafi; Yardho, Moh.
NALAR Vol 9 No 1 (2025): Islam in Contemporary Society
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin, Adab, and Da'wah, State Islamic University of Palangkaraya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23971/njppi.v9i1.9373

Sufism and nationalism are often perceived as opposing forces, with Sufism emphasizing spiritualism and nationalism focusing on materialism. However, in Indonesia, Sufism and its infrastructure have played a significant role, from the struggle for nationalism and the civil movement against colonialism to maintaining national unity after independence. Therefore, this article aims to examine the historicity of Sufism, particularly the role of tariqah organizations in shaping and sustaining nationalism in Indonesia. The article employs a qualitative study with a literature review approach. Data were sourced from the official websites of Jam'iyyah Ahlith Thariqah Al-Mu'tabarah An-Nahdliyyah (JATMAN) and Jam'iyyah Ahli Thoriqoh Mu'tabaroh Indonesia (JATMI), with articles, documents, and manuscripts selected based on their relevance and validity to the study's focus. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman process, which involves data reduction, data display, and conclusion. Data analysis shows that in the phase before independence, Indonesian tariqah adherents were actively involved in promoting nationalism and the anti-colonialism movement in Indonesia. In parallel, during the phase following independence, nationalism was carried out in a more organized manner through two tariqah organizations, namely Jam'iyyah Ahlith Thariqah Al-Mu'tabarah An-Nahdliyyah (JATMAN) and Jam'iyyah Ahli Thoriqoh Mu'tabaroh Indonesia (JATMI). The nationalist role of these two tariqah organizations can be seen in the strengthening of religious moderation, character education, the internalization of spirituality in politics and leadership as support for the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) and the Pancasila ideology.

Islamism Denounced: Madura Kiais’ Perspective of Nationalism A'la, Abd; Muktafi, Muktafi; Bakar, Abu; Zamzami, Mukhammad; Aniq, Ahmad Fathan
KARSA Journal of Social and Islamic Culture Vol. 29 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v29i2.4876

The transmission of Islamism among the kiais and their students in Madura has become more critical to examine in the last decade. However, some kiais of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Bangkalan Madura see that Islamism or political Islam will gradually erode their national commitment. This article intends to reinterpret the nationalism vision of several kiais of NU and measure the extent of their views on the ideology of Islamism discoursed by the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). By interviewing several kiais, this study finds that the propagation of Islamism in Bangkalan has not been as massive as occurred in Pamekasan, another sub-districts in Madura. The FPI-style Islamism in Bangkalan has been propagated only by a small group though they are vigorously active on social media. The majority of the NU community remains devoted to nationalism, committing that the NKRI is the final state. Islamic moderation promulgated by the kiais has been widely accepted and deeply rooted among the NU community. They believe nationalism and religion should not be separated from the spirit of their struggle (khittah). These two elements have united within their fighting spirit and become the primary trigger in devoting themselves to the nation and state to preserve national sovereignty and the integrity of Indonesia.

The Philosophical Problem of Evil in the Intellectual System of Suhrawardī and John Hick Zamzami, Mukhammad; Eskandian, Abdullah Hosseini; Muktafi, Muktafi; Mukaffa, Zumrotul
Jurnal Theologia Vol. 32 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2021.32.2.8569

The debate over the term “evil” is one of the most contentious issues in philosophy, as this term is considered to be antithetical to existence. Suhrawardī al-Maqtūl, a prominent Islamic theosophist, believed that evil did not exist. That which is considered evil or not evil is a suggestion for achieving good, and as such, it is also good. As a result, the term “crime” does not exist. What Suhrawardī said contrasted with John Hick’s view in the article “Theodicy of Soul Cultivation.” Hick concludes that basically evil exists, but only insofar as it is required to develop and evolve the human psyche and spirituality. After comparing the thoughts of these two figures, this article concludes that their partisan defence of God’s existence and His attributes regarding evil is what leads us to their views on the term “evil” and solutions to solve the crime. Suhrawardi and Hick both believe that the existence of evil does not preclude the existence of God because God is absolute. God is not against good or evil. What has considered evil is the judgment of one’s misunderstanding or the requirements for obtaining charity.

The Conceptions of Divine Revelation: A Comparative Study of the Views of Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra HosseiniEskandian, Abdullah; Setiyani, Wiwik; Muktafi, Muktafi; Kholid, Abd; Babaei, Ali
Teosofi: Jurnal Tasawuf dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): June
Publisher : Department of Aqidah and Islamic Philosophy, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Philosophy, Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/teosofi.2023.13.1.159-179

The issue of revelation is one of the most important issues in the divine religions. In Islam the issue revelation is of central importance, as the revealed word of God, the Qur’ān, is in itself a miracle in its inimitability, a unique masterpiece of the divine message that cannot be replicated. Revelation is understood as communication from the unseen world above, whereby God issues His divine commands to humankind. The eminent Muslim philosophers Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra discussed the concept of revelation in their works. Ibn Sina considered revelation as a specific sensory effect on the prophet’s consciousness, whereby the Angel of Revelation cast the divine words into the prophet’s heart. Mulla Sadra also considered revelation as a type of unseen form of communication, whereby the divine commands are shared with humankind. This article attempts to study the nature of revelation, the levels of revelation, and the manner of revelation from the point of view of Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra through a descriptive-analytical method. Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra, despite their differences in conceptualizing and explaining the process of revelation, agreed that the revealed message is from God directly, without the independent agency of the Angel of Revelation and the prophets, who only carry and receive the divine message, yet cannot alter it.

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