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PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI ETANOLISIS PADA SUHU RUANG TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN STABILITAS EMULSI PRODUK ETANOLISIS Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) [The Effect of Ethanolisis Reaction Time at Room Temperature on Yield and Emulsion Stability Ofproduct of Ethanolisis Palm Kernel Oil (PKO)] Yunggo, Jessica; murhadi, murhadi; Hidayati, Sri
Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 21, No 2 (2016): Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian
Publisher : Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (395.972 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/jtihp.v21i2.97 -106

Abstract

PKO (palm kernel oil) is made from palm kernel of Elaesis gueneensis Jacq, which is a mixture of triglycerides. Triglycerides can be converted into a number of derivative products such as mono-diglycerides (MG-DG). MG-DG can be formed by ethanolisis reaction. In this study ethanolisis reaction of PKO was done by adding 96% of technical ethanol containing NaOH 1% (w/w PKO) on PKO solution at a room temperature and a shorter time than the another PKO ethanolisis before. This study was aimed to find the best PKO ethanolisis reaction time in providing products of ethanolisis PKO with yield and high emulsion stability. The experiment was a nonfactorial  and arranged in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with four replications.  The single factor studied was 7 levels of  the reaction time in which  were 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 minutes.  The data  were analysed using ANOVA and  further by Orthogonal polynomial on the significant level of 1% and 5%. The results showed that the reaction time ethanolisis had no effect on the yield and stability of the emulsion of fresh coconut milk. The yield of the resulting range between 17.32% - 18.07% and the stability of emulsion ranged between 88.88% - 92.50% during one day and 85.23% - 89.50% during two days. The sensory observation indicated that PKO ethanolisis product can preserve coconut milk for 3 days of storage time with color and scent of fresh coconut milk, and  more stable compared to control.Keywords: emulsion stability, ethanolisis, PKO, time, yield
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK CINCAU POHON (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) PADA PAKAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DIGESTA DAN EFEK LAKSATIFNYA PADA TIKUS PERCOBAAN Murhadi, Murhadi; Nurdin, Samsu Udayana; Aprizal, Dedy; Maryanti, Maryanti
Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 14, No 2 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian
Publisher : Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (98.333 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/jtihp.v14i2.129 - 141

Abstract

Dietary fiber with a high fermentability can be considered as prebiotic.  Inulin and Fructo-ligosaccharides has been well known as prebiotic resources. Dietary fibre with lower fermentability has a better laxative effect. Green cincau (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) as one of dietary fibre that contains pectin as it’s main gel forming agent. The previous study showed that pectin has a prebiotic function because it could increase beneficial bacteria level in digestion system with fermentability between 50% to 100%. The objective of this research was to compare the prebiotic function of  green cincau’s gel forming agent extract in increasing the lactic acid bacteria and it’s laxative effect (faecal proportion and faecal consistency) with a commercial prebiotic resource (inulin). This research was designed in a completely randomized block design, with a single treatment (different fiber resource added to the diets : green cincau’s gel forming agent extract, inulin, and selulose)). The results showed that green cincau’s gel forming agent extract has a lower prebiotic function but has a higher laxative effect if compared to commercial prebiotic (inulin) with total lactic acid bacteria  was 11.97,   the pH of the digesta was  6.27, and fecal proportion was 6.296%.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI ANAK JALANAN AGAR MEMPEROLEH PEKERJAAN DI WILAYAH KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN Murhadi, Murhadi; Karnawati, Rita Agustina
Jurnal Ilmiah Widya Vol 4 No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Lembaga Layanan Pendidikan Tinggi Wilayah III Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2293.678 KB)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Pertumbuhan anak jalanan di Tangerang Selatan dalam kurun waktu lima tahun mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan, sehingga menyebabkan anak jalanan banyak aktivitas di jalan seperti mengamen, meminta-minta dan mengemis. Dinas Sosial kota Tangerang, telah melakukan pelatihan keterampilan vokasional kepada anak jalanan namun dianggap masih kurang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk: (1) memperoleh gambaran tentang kondisi objektif pelatihan keterampilan vokasional yang dilakukan Dinas Sosial kota Tangerang, (2) menemukan model konseptual pengembangan pelatihan keterampilan vokasional dalam meningkatkan kompetensi anak jalanan untuk memperoleh pekerjaan, (3) mengimplementasikan pengembangan model pelatihan keterampilan vokasional dalam meningkatkan kompetensi anak jalanan untuk memperoleh pekerjaan, (4) mengevaluasi efektivitas model pelatihan vokasional dalam meningkatkan anak jalanan untuk memperoleh pekerjaan. Metodologi yang digunakan dengan penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development/R&D) dan pendekatan eksperimen semu (Quasi exsperiment). Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipasi, studi dokumentasi, wawancara, angket serta diskusi kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini merumuskan suatu model pelatihan yang dapat diterapkan oleh Dinas Sosial Kota Tangerang sebagai bekal anak jalanan untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan. Model ini dapat dilakukan melalui kerjasama Dinas Sosial dengan dunia usaha di sekitar kota Tangerang Selatan.Kata kunci: kompetensi, konseling vokasional, anak-anak jalanan ABSTRACT: The growth of street children in South Tangerang within a period of five years experienced a significant increase, thus causing street children a lot of activity on the street for singing and begging, while the handling of the problem conducted by the Social Service is still less effective through the provision of skills training to children. Referring to these conditions, the aim of  this study is to: (1) obtain the a description of the objective conditions skills training vocational conducted by Social Services of South Tangerang, (2) to find a conceptual model of training and development of vocational to improve the competence of street children to obtain employment, (3) implements development of vocational skills training model to improve the competence of street children to obtain employment, (4) to evaluate the effectiveness of vocational training model to improve the street children to get a job. The results of this study will be formulated as a training model wich  can be implemented by Social Services of South Tangerang for the provision of street children to get a job and the model can be done through cooperation with the Social Service businesses around South Tangerang. Theories and concepts are used as a reference in the implementation of the research include: previous research relevant to the research problem, the nature of training in enhancing the competence of street children and child competence development. The methodology of this reseach taken in this study using the Research and Development (R & D). This type of research used a quasi-experimental type. Data were collected through participatory observation, study of documentation, interviews, questionnaires pretest and posttest, and discussion groups.Keywords: vocational counseling, street children
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI ANAK JALANAN AGAR MEMPEROLEH PEKERJAAN DI WILAYAH KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN Murhadi, Murhadi
Jurnal Ilmiah Widya Vol 4 No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Lembaga Layanan Pendidikan Tinggi Wilayah III Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1002.305 KB)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Evaluasi efektivitas model penelitian dalam meningkatkan keterampilan anak jalanan untuk memperolekh pekerjaan. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan kurang efektifnya pelatihan keterampilan dalam penangan anak jalanan. Mengacu pada kondisi tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang kondisi objektif pelatihan keterampilan yang dilakukan Pengelola anak jalanan dan Dinas Sosial Tangsel, penelitian ini meliputi penelitian terdahulu yang relevan dengan masalah penelitian dan hakikat pelatihan dalam meningkatkan kompetensi anak jalanan. Pendekatan yang ditempuh dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development-R&D). Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipasi, studi dokumentasi, wawancara, angket dan diskusi kelompok. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dirumuskan suatu model pelaksanaan pelatihan yang dapat diterapkan oleh DinSos Tangsel sebagai salah satu solusi dalam mengatasi kondisi anak jalanan untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan. Dan model pelatihan ini dapat dilakukan melalui kerjasama Dinas Sosial dengan pelaku usaha di sekitar kota Tangerang Selatan dan Pengelola Anak Jalanan dengan harapan setelah pelatihan peserta dapat ditarik sebagai pegawai tentunya yang memiliki keterampilan sesuai dengan kriteria perusahaan tersebut. Kata Kunci : Pelatihan, kompetensi,, anak jalanan, pengelola anak jalanan ABSTRACT: Evaluate the effectiveness of research models in improving the skills of street children to get job. This research is based on the problem of ineffective skills training in street children handling. Referring to these conditions, this study aims to obtain an overview of the objective conditions of skills training performed by Manager of street children and social offices, this research includes previous research relevant to the research problem and the nature of training in improving the competence of street children. The approach taken in this research using research and development (R & D) method. Data were collected through participant observation, documentation studies, interviews, questionnaires and group discussions. The results of this study can formulate a model of training implementation that can be applied by Social Services Tangsel as one solution in overcoming the condition of street children to get a job. And this training model can be done through Social Services cooperation with business actors or company around Tangerang Selatan city area and Manager of street children in the hope after training participants can be drawn as employees of course who have skills in accordance with the criteria of the company.Keywords : Trainning, , trainning, comptency, stret children, manager of street children
The Effectiveness of Skill Training Model for Increasing the Street Children’s Competence to Get a Job Murhadi, Murhadi
Humaniora Vol 9, No 1 (2018): Humaniora
Publisher : Bina Nusantara University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21512/humaniora.v9i1.4280

Abstract

This research was based on the importance of the effectiveness of skills training for street children as a solution to reduce their activity of begging money on the street. Referring to the problem, there were two objectives in this study. First, it was to obtain an overview of the skill training conditions undertaken by street children in Depok as the multi-location test and Tangerang Selatan as the main research location. Second, it was to know the effectiveness of the implementation of skills training in improving the competence of street children to get a job. Several theories and concepts were used as the reference in the implementation of this study. The method was Research and Development (R&D) and quasi-experimental approach. Data were collected through participant observation, documentation, interview, questionnaire, and group discussion. The results of this research show that effective training can provide skills for street children to get a job.
Pengaruh Jenis Asam dan Waktu Reaksi Pemanasan terhadap Karakteristik Produk Etanolisis PKO (Palm Kernel Oil) Murhadi Murhadi; Sri Hidayati; Ridwan Kurniawan
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (508.04 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.17012

Abstract

Production of ethanolisis product of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) treatment with the addition of organic acids and different heating times have conducted. Effects of organic acids used and time of heating on characteristics of PKO ethanolisis product were studied. The organic acids used are succinic acid 40 % (w/v) and lactic acid 40 % (w/v). Heating time consists of 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The pH value of the reaction products ranged from 4,88 (± 0,01) to 5,27 (± 0,02). The best antimicrobial activity of product reaction is by addition of succinic acid 40% (w/v) and heating for 30 minutes with zone of inhibitions (d, mm) against Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, mixed cultures of natural microbial and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are 20,88 (± 0,50) mm, 25,64 (± 0,81) mm, 6,46 (± 0,24) mm, and 8,84 (± 0,08) mm, respectively. The average value of the power increase emulsion stability in coconut milk (water in oil, w/o) ranged from 5,20 (± 0,65) % to 20,00 (± 2,55) %. ABSTRAKProduksi produk etanolisis dari minyak inti sawit (Palm Kernel Oil, PKO) dengan perlakuan penambahan asam organik dan lama pemanasan yang berbeda telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan jenis asam dan lama pemanasan terhadap karakteristik produk etanolisis dari PKO. Asam organik yang digunakan adalah asam suksinat 40 % (b/b) dan asam laktat 40 % (b/b) serta lama pemanasan terdiri dari 15, 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Nilai pH produk reaksi berkisar antara 4,88 (± 0,01) sampai 5,27 (± 0,02). Aktivitas anti mikroba produk reaksi terbaik adalah dengan penambahan asam suksinat 40 % (b/b) dan pemanasan 30 menit dengan diameter (d; mm) zona hambat terhadap Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, kultur campuran mikroba alami dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae, masing-masing 20,88 (± 0,50) mm, 25,64 (± 0,81) mm, 6,46 (± 0,24) mm, dan 8,84 (± 0,08) mm. Nilai rata-rata daya peningkatan stabilitas emulsi pada santan kelapa (water in oil, w/o) berkisar antara 5,20 (± 0,65) % hingga 20,00 (± 2,55) %.
PENGARUH NISBAH TOTAL ETANOL – PKO DAN WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PRODUK ETANOLISIS MINYAK INTI SAWIT (PKO) Mairisa Lestari; Murhadi Murhadi
Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 13, No 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian
Publisher : Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (270.231 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/jtihp.v13i2.95 - 107

Abstract

The purposes of this work were to find the effects of ethanol-PKO ratio and reaction time on the yield and antibacterial activities of palm kernel oil ethanolysis products.  The treatments were ratios of ethanolyisis mediums and duration of agitation. The medium treatments were  ethanol 96% (NaOH 1%; w/w of oil) solution and PKO at ratio of 0,4; 0,7; 1,0; 1,3 and 1,6 (v/w) and the duration of agitation on a shaker at 300 rpm for 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes.  Antibacterial activities were tested using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed ethanol-PKO ratio at 1,6 (v/w) effectively increased the yield of ethanolysis products for 4 up to 10 min, while the treatments at ratio of 0,4; 0,7; 1,0 (v/w) did not affect significantly, and at ratio of 1,3 (v/w) was optimum for 4 min. Ethanolysis products and their fractions for all treatments had antibacterial activities toward two bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) with the average diameter of zone inhibition was 5,38 mm/15 mg.  The optimum ethanol-PKO ratio and time of reaction were 1,3 (v/w) and 10 minutes to produce ethanolysis products, primarily for fraction 1 (uper layer after fractionation). Keywords:  Antibacterial activities, ethanolysis, Palm Kernel Oil
KAJIAN LAMA REAKSI TERHADAP RENDEMEN MASSA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA PRODUK GLISEROLISIS Havita Dwi Anggasari; Murhadi Murhadi
Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 14, No 1 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian
Publisher : Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (122.444 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/jtihp.v14i1.55 - 67

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the effect of glycerolysis reaction time (48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours) on yield and antimicrobial activity of glycerolysis products from palm kernel oil (PKO) using rice bran as biocatalyst.  The result showed that fractionation of glycerolysis products at all reaction time levels were yielding fraction A (61,8%) that higher than fraction B (21,8%) and fraction C (16,3%).  Generally, all fractions (A, B and C) from all treatments have antimicrobial activity.  Average of inhibition zone diameter (d) values of fraction C for all reaction time levels against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and S. cerevisiae, i.e. 7,66; 6,81; 1,33; and 9,09 mm/6 mg fraction, respectively.  Antimicrobial activity of fraction C was higher than fraction A and B, especially against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and S. cerevisiae at 72 and 96 h. of reaction times.  Escherichia coli is more resistant bacteria to all fractions than another microbes in this study.  All fractions from all reaction time levels be able to reduce of total mold (A. orizae) colony with each average percentage of 79,6 (fraction A); 81,0 (fraction B); and 78,2% (fraction C).  Keywords: Glycerolysis, PKO, fraction, antimicrobial activity, resistant.
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK FUNGSIONAL PRODUK ETANOLISIS CAMPURAN CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL) DAN PKO (PALM KERNEL OIL) PADA REAKSI ETANOLISIS TINGKAT DUA Fizzaria Khasbullah; Murhadi Murhadi; Suharyono A.S. Suharyono A.S.
Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 18, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian
Publisher : Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (671.937 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/jtihp.v18i1.13 - 27

Abstract

The  objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of NaOH and ethanol containing NaOH to the weight of the media on level two ethanolysis reaction CPO-PKO mixture that produces the highest of antimicrobial activity, emulsifying properties and to investigate the distribution patterns of glyceride compounds.  The treatments were ratio of ethanol containing NaOH to the weight of the media of level two ethanolysis reaction of CPO-PKO mixture, which were 1,20; 1,60 and 2,00 (v/w) and NaOH concentration to the weight of the media of ethanolysis reaction CPO-PKO mixture level two is 0,75; 1,0 and 1,25% (w/w).  The results showed that the highest treatment was on treatment with ethanol at a ratio of 1,20 with NaOH concentration of 0,75%. The antimicrobial activities of Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium and  natural microbial culture were 12,36%, 16,76 mm, 20,75 mm ​, 12,98 mm, and  the highest emulsion stability power was found on 6% and 16,04% concentration.  The  level  two  ethanolysis product of CPO-PKO mixture showed a uniform distribution pattern on the the TLC plates in a row from the nearest to the farthest was the MG, DG, ALB and TG with Rf value of 0,03; 0,15; 0,43 and 0,74. Keywords: CPO (Crude Palm Oil), ethanolysis, PKO (Palm Kernel Oil)
SENYAWA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA GOLONGAN ASAM LEMAK DAN ESTERNYA DARI TANAMAN Murhadi Murhadi
Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 14, No 1 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian
Publisher : Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (94.23 KB) | DOI: 10.23960/jtihp.v14i1.97 - 105

Abstract

Problems in food preservation have grown to be more complex as new food products are continuously introduced onto the market.  They require longer shelf life and greater assurance of protection from microbial spoilage.  There are several chemicals that can be used as antimicrobial agents.  For instance, acetic acid and sulfur dioxide are widely used as food preservatives.  However, these chemicals required caution in handling since they are corrosive and their vapors can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract.  Although conventional synthetic antimicrobial agents have excellent activities, their safety in human body has been considered doubtful.  Since it is known that antimicrobial agents are contained in natural materials, many research studies have been carried out to improve the shelf stability of foods and cosmetics using natural antimicrobial agents.   Many naturally occurring compounds found in edible and medicine plants, herbs, and spices have been shown to possess antimicrobial function and could serve as a source of antimicrobial against food pathogens. Recently the interest in the biological activities of plant extracts has been rekindled and has been the subject of intense scientific investigation.  Fatty acid and its ester forms as monoglyceride and or diglyceride of plant materials, especially from palm kernel oil and coconut oil such as lauric acid (12:0), miristic acid (14:0) and capric acid (10:0) have antimicrobial function.  The antimicrobial activities of monolaurin, monomiristin and or monocaprin and its diglyceride’s forms are well recognized and showed a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities toward several microbes. Keywords: Fatty acids, monolaurin, monomiristin, monocaprin, antimicrobial activities
Co-Authors ., Ponidi A. S., Suharyono Ade Kurniawan Ahmad Sapta Zuidar Aisyah Mutia Dawis Anggoro, Cahyo Anisa Yustiana Anungputri, Pramita Sari Bafana, Fais Abubakar Batubara, Andar Cahyani, Atika Dwi Cahyaningtyas, Fransiska Dyah Ayu Chirzah, Dewi Dedy Aprizal DEWI SARTIKA DEWI SARTIKA Dwiyono, Pangga Cahyo Elida Purba Erdi Suroso Eriska, Sovia Faiq, Naufal Rifqi Fitria - Fitriastuti, Fera Wahyu Fizzaria Khasbullah Ghina, Salma Havita Dwi Anggasari Herdiana, Novita Hermansah, Lutfi Huwae, Hans Andriano Pradana Ike Yunia Pasa Jali, Hasan Jumasa, Hamid Muhammad Karnawati, Rita Agustina Khasanah, Al Lestari, Tri Puji Lindawati, Meitri Mairisa Lestari Maria Erna Kustyawati Maryanti Maryanti Mauza, Afifa Miftahul Huda Muhammad Nur Muhammad Nur Faza Taqiyyuddin Mulyani, Novita Murdiyani, Ivana Neny Kennesthy Anggraeni Nepomuceno, Matthew Ningtyas, Okta Sekar Novanti, Neni Tri Nurleni Kurniawati Prabowo, Hanifah Nur Indhiati Putri, Ananda Ericka Putri, Melinia Ramadhani Ridwan Kurniawan Samsu Udayana Nurdin Samsu Udayana Nurdin Samsul Rizal Sandi Saputra Saputra, Suryanto Ade Shururi, Anindito Fakhri Siti Nurdjanah Sri Hidayati Sri Hidayati Sthil, Triwin Subeki Subeki Suharyono A.S. Suharyono A.S. Suharyono AS Suharyono AS Suharyono AS Suharyono Suharyono Susilawati Susilawati Susilawati, Susilawati Tanto Pratondo Utomo Undadraja, Bigi Wahju Tjahjo Saputro Widia Rini Hartari Widiati, Wahyu Eka Wijayanti, Sekar Nutty Yembuu, Batchuluun Yulmaini Yulmaini Yunggo, Jessica Yuniarti, Lani Zulferiyenni, Zulferiyenni