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All Journal SAINS MEDIKA : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN Medical Journal of Indonesia

Taufiqurrachman Nasihun

Department of Biochemistry and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang

Author-ID : 328478

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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The Ketogenic Diet: Safety, Morbidity, and Mortality Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 10, No 1 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (542.88 KB)

In normal daily diet consisting of 52-55% carbohydrate, 32-34% fat, and 14-18% protein, a couple hours following meal and absorption there is abundant fuel supply particularly from glucose oxidation in most tissues (Kathleen M Botham and Mayes, 2015; USDA, 2015). Conversely, in ketosis condition, most tissues replace its energy requirement from glucose to ketone bodies resulting from hepatic ketogenesis (Cervenka and Kossoff, 2013; Mcdonald and Cervenka, 2017). In extra hepatic tissues, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is synthesized through revert back of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA catalyzed by succinyl-CoA-acetoacetate CoA transferase. By this reaction acetoacetyl-CoA is split into two acetyl-CoA catalyzed by thiolase and then inserted into Krebâ€™s cycle to form ATP. Acetoacetate and b hydroxybutyrate are also able to traverse blood brain barrier and metabolized by cellular brain into ATP and used as energy also postulated as anticonvulsant (Freeman et al., 2007; J. L. Gamble et al., 1923). Moreover, when ketone bodies in circulation are increased, oxidation of ketone bodies also raised until saturation of the pathway is achieved at 12 mmol/L concentration (Kathleen M. Botham and Mayes, 2015). Concern to the energy synthesis, acetoacetate and 3-b hydroxybutyrate are the prominent ketone bodies which are readily oxidized in extra-hepatic tissues. Whilst acetone have not metabolic function and in large extent is volatilized through the lung marked by breathe odor (Kathleen M. Botham and Mayes, 2015; Paoli, 2014). Ketosis is also able to suppress hunger feeling and appetite, therefore potential to be a good regulator of the bodyâ€™s calorie intake (Dashti et al., 2004). Â However, ketosis which is induced by ketogenic diet (KD), in the long term, its safety, morbidity, and mortality remain inconclusive.

Flavonoids and Aging Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7, No 1 (2016): January - June 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Aging is inevitable process, however human comes into aging is in difference way and difference rates. Some of them undergo aging earlier due to degenerative diseases, unable to reach the maximum lifespan and are thus denominated secondary aging (Huebschmann AG, 2011). Some of others undergo aging latter, looked younger than their truely chronological age, have no suffer degenerative disease, able to achieve maximum lifespan and so called primary aging (De la Fuente, 2009; Huebschmann AG, 2011). Maximum lifespan or often called longevity of the species is defined as maximum time that a species belonging to determine how long the species can live, for example maximum lifespan in human beings is 122 years, whereas the lifespan in rats and mouse strains is only 3 and 4 years respectively (De lafuente, 2009). It must be distinguished this longevity from mean or averages longevity. Average longevity can be defined as the average of time that member of population that have been born on the same date live (De la Fuente, 2009). The maximum lifespan is fixed in each species, meanwhile the lifespan of individual subject in the population, even when their genotype are the same and grow in a common environment condition, such as protected from external hazard show marked variability (Kirkwood, 2005).

DIFFERENCE IN THE LEVELS OF FERRITIN, HEMOGLOBIN, AND ERYTHROCYTE COUNT OF STAGE 5 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS AFTER ONE, THREE AND SIX MONTHS OF HEMODIALYSIS Wibowo, Subur; Chasani, Shofa; Wibowo, Joko Wahyu; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 10, No 1 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (722.769 KB)

INTRODUCTION: 77,892 chronic kidney disease patients in Indonesia undergo hemodialysis in 2017. However, the effects of period of undergoing hemodialysis on hemoglobin level, erythrocyte count, and ferritin level are still unclear.OBJECTIVE: This research aims at examining the effects of period of undergoing hemodialysis on the levels of ferritin, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count of stage 5 of chronic kidney disease patients.METHODS: In the analytical observational research with a cross sectional design, 30 men meet the inclusion criteria and are randomly divided into 3 groups: one month group (1M-G), three months group (3M-G), and six months group (6M-G). Each of the research objects has undergone hemodialysis for one, three and six months. The levels of ferritin, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte count are analyzed with an immunoflourescence method.RESULTS: The Post Hoc LSD analysis states that the ferritin levels of 3M-G (718Â±63.61) and 6M-G (947Â±66.22) are significantly higher than that of 1M-G (383.77), p< 0.01. The ferritin level of 6M-G is significantly higher than that of 3M-G, p<0.01. The hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts between 1M-G (9.45Â±0.84) & (3.26Â±0.55), 3M-G (9.10Â±1.22) & (3.21Â±0.50) and 6M-G (8.35Â±1.21) & (2.92Â±0.40) are insignificant, p>0.05.CONCLUSION: After undergoing hemodialysis for three and six months, the ferritin levels improve significantly compared to that of one month of hemodialysis, and there is no significant difference in hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts.

Stem Cell Mesenchymal Injection Increases Platelet-Derived Growth Factors Level and Percentage of Collagen in Third-Degree Burn injured Mice Ridawati, Erna; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman; Wiratno, Wiratno
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7, No 2 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been demonstrated to accelerate wound healing. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and collagen have an important role in wound healing. However, the effect of MSC on levels of PDGF and number of collagen has not been established. Objectives: To determine the effect of MSC on the levels of PDGF and the percentage of collagen in the burns healing. Methods: in this experimental study, 20 BALB /c mice were divided into 4 groups: a control group (G-0) injected with 2 ml of distilled water and group 1 (G-1), Group 2 (G-2), and group 3 (G- 3) injected with MSC at the dose of 1 x 104, 2 x 104, and 4 x 104 respectively. The burn wound was made by attaching a metal nail that had been heated for 20 seconds at the feet of mice. Levels of PDGF on day 2 (PDGF-2) and 7 (PDGF-7) was assessed by ELISA, while on day 10 excision of skin was done to calculate the percentage of collagen. Results: There was a significant difference in the levels of PDGF-2, PDGF-7, and the percentage of collagen ( P <0.05). Posthoc analysis showed that the levels of PDGF-2, PDGF-7, and percentage of collagen in the G-2 and G-3 was significantly higher than that of G-0, p <0.05. While the levels of PDGF-2, PDGF-7, and the percentage of collagen in the G-3 was significantly higher than that of G-2 and G-1 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Injection of MSC at a dose of 2 x 1044 and 4 x 1044 increases the levels of PDGF and the percentage of collagen.

The Effect of Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction (CMCE) Propolis Extract Administration on Leydig, and Sertoli Cells Counts, and Sperm Quality Induced With Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) (An experimental study on male Wistar rat induced by monosodium glutamate) Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman; Isradji, Israhnanto
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 10, No 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

INTRODUCTION:Â ROS is the most common cause of male infertility. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a compound which produces ROS and decreases FSH and LH levels. Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction (CMCE) propolis extract as an antioxidant is evidently capable of reducing ROS concentration.OBJECTIVE: this research aims at evaluating the effect of CMCE propolis extract administration on Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality of MSG-induced male wistar rats.METHODS: employing the Post Test Only Control Group Design, 18 rats were divided into 3 groups: control group, treated only with MSG (MS-G), and treatment groups, respectively treated with CMCE propolis extract at doses 8.3mg/day (CM8-G) and 10.8mg/day (CM10-G). CMCE propolis extract was given orally for 21 days. At the end of treatment, sperm and testis were taken to evaluate the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality. The sperm obtained from epididymis was analyzed using the WHO standards, while Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were counted from preparation using the HE stain method.RESULTS: the Post Hoc analysis result shows that the Leydig and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality of CM8-G and CM10-G are significantly higher than those of MS-G, p<0.05. The Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality of CM10-G are significantly higher than those of CM8-G, p><0.05. CONCLUSION: CMCE propolis extract administration evidently increases the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality from the perspective of the count, motility and morphology of spermatozoa of MSG-induced male wistar rats.><0.05CONCLUSION: CMCE propolis extract administration evidently increases the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality from the perspective of the count, motility and morphology of spermatozoa of MSG-induced male wistar rats.Â

Propolis Extracted Using CMCE Decreases TNFâ€“Î± and C-Reactive Protein level of CCl4- Induced Liver Damage in Rats Saputro, Arief Adi; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman; Hussaana, Atina
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 12, No 1 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a hepatotoxic substance inducing inflammation in liver cells. Inflammation is marked by increase in proinflammatory cytokines level such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-Î±), and C-reactive protein (CRP) produced by hepatocytes. Propolis extracted using continuous multi-stage countercurrent Extraction (CMCE propolis extract) contains active balsamic, caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE), and flavonoids capable of affecting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: to investigate the effect of CMCE propolis extract on TNF-Î± and CRP levels in CCl4-induced liver damage.Methods: In this study using a post test only control group design, 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The control group (C-G) was given CCl4 0.4 ml/200 g on day 14. The P3-G, P7-G, P14-G groups were treated with 3.6 mg/200 g, 7.2 mg/200 g, 14.4 mg/200 g CMCE propolis extract for 14 days and given CCl4 0.4 ml/g on day 14. The TNF-Î± and CRP levels were assessed using the ELISA kit one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc test (LSD) were applied for the statistical analysis. Results: TNF-Î± level in P14-G group (3.26 Â± 0.93), P7-G (6.17+0.78), and P3-G (10.4Â±1.34) were significantly lower than that of C-G (17.29+1.56) (p<0.05). CRP levels in P14-G group (0.61Â±0.09), P7-G (1.38+0.48), and P3-G (12.01Â±0.65) were significantly lower than those of C-G (2.95+0.668) (p<0.05). The greatest reduction in TNF-Î± & CRP level was found in the group given propolis at a dose of 14.4 mg/200 g.Conclusion: The administration of CMCE propolis extract reduces TNF-Î± & CRP levels in CCl4-induced liver damage.

The Effect of Moringa Oleifera. Lam Leaf Extract on Bcl2 and Bax Expression in Paracetamol-induced Renal Tubular Apoptosis in Rats Jannah, Miftahul; Subagyo, Djoko Trihadi Lukmono; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 8, No 2 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Paracetamol may cause apoptosis in the renal tubules. Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera. Lam) has been shown to have antioxidant effects due to its f lavonoids. In addition, f lavonoids also have biological effects to modulate the signal-transduction pathway.OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effect of Moringa oleifera Lam extract on Bcl-2 and Bax expression on paracetamol-induced renal tubular injury.METHODS: in this post-test only control group design study, 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: AqC-G (aquades), EtC-G (70% ethanol), MoL1-Gand MoL2-G (moringa leaf extract at the dose of 1.075 g/Kg BW and 2.150 g/Kg BW respectively). Expression of Bcl2 and Bax was determined using immunohistochemical staining. The data on the number of Bcl2 and Bax expressions tested with One Way Anova followed by the Post Hoc LSD test.RESULTS: Post Hoc LSD test showed that the expression of Bcl-2 in the experimental groups ((MoL1-G (9.1) and MoL2-G (13,683)) was significantly higher compared to that of controls (p<0.001). Bax expression in the experimental groups (MoL1-G (6,85) and MoL2-G (2,633)) was significantly lower compared to that of controls, p <0.001.CONCLUSION: The administration of Moringa leaf extract at the dose of 1,075 and 2,150 increases Bcl-2 expression and decreases Bax expression in paracetamol-induced renal tubular injury.

The Role of Exercise and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Aging Process Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 9, No 1 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Aging can be defined as the progressive accumulation of changes with time associated with increasing vulnerability to disease and death which accompanies advancing age. The time related changes are attributed to the aging process (Harman, 1981). There are growing evidences that a number of the detrimental free radicals reactions are continuously occur throughout the cells of the body constituting the prominent contributor to aging process (Harman, 1981). This theory was extended to mitochondrial theory of aging, suggesting that mitochondria as the main source and target of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in association with aging processes and degenerative diseases (Payne and Chinnery, 2015). Mitochondria has a pivotal roles in multiple cellular processes such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), apoptosis, b-oxidation of fatty acids, steroid biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, intermediary metabolism, and cell signaling (Yin and Cadenas, 2015). Recent studies indicated that oxidative damage due to accumulation of ROS result from mitochondria production were associated with multiple pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and premature aging (Cedikova et al., 2016).Â

The Effect of Administering Lemon Basil (Ocimum sanctum) Leaves on FSH and LH Estrogen Levels and Size of Ovarian Antral Follicle in Female Balb/C Mice Maryanti, Sri; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman; Amalia, Helfi
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 10, No 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

INTRODUCTION: Ocimum sanctum have been proven effective in decreasing Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels, and sperm number, and also increase male testosterone levels. However, so far no evidence has been found on the effect of Ocimum sanctum leaves on the levels of estrogen, FSH, LH, and the size of ovarian anthral follicles. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Ocimum sanctum leaves on estrogen, FSH, LH and the size of antral follicle of female Balb/C mice.METHODS: In the post test only control group design, 12 female Balb/C mice were assigned into 2 groups. The treatment group (OS-G) was given 0.08 gram of ocimum sanctum leaves, three times a day for 30 days and the control group (C-G) received no ocimum sanctum. Estrogen, FSH anduLH levels wereumeasured on the 30th day, the mice were sacrificed and taken up by their ovaries. HE preparationsuwere then madeuand HE was performed, and the size of the antral follicle of the ovary was measured .RESULTS: Mann Whitney analysisuindicateduthat estrogen and FSH levels in OS-G group were significantly higher compared to that of C-G group, p<0.05. Based on independent t-test, the level of LH in OS-G was significantly higher than that of C-Gugroup, p><0.05. On the contrary, uthe size of ovarianuanthralufollicle in OS-Guwas smaller than that of C-Gugroup, p><0.05. CONCLUSION: Ocimum sanctum increased the levels of estrogen, FSH, LH and decreased the size of ovarian antral follicle in female of Balb/C mice.>

The Difference between the Effect of Green Tea Cream and Tocopherol on Decreasing Level of Tyrosinase Enzyme and Amount of Melanin in Rattus norvegicus Exposed to UVB Rays Riyanto, Anwar; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman; Sumarawati, Titiek
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 11, No 1 (2020): June 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: Green tea and tocopherol are potent antioxidants used to treat melasma. However, whether green tea or tocopherol is superior remains unclear. Objective: To compare the effectiveness between green tea and tocopherol in decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level in wistar rats exposed to UVB rays.Methods: The experimental study took 30 male Wistar rats randomly and divided them into 3 groups. The control group (C-G) was given basic topical cream, GT-G was given green tea topical cream and TC-G was given tocopherol topical cream. All rats were exposed to UVB every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 4 weeks, whereas topical creams were smeared every day. Topical creams smearing on the same day with UVB exposure was performed 20 minutes before exposure and 4 hours after UVB exposure. The doses of UVB were 50 mJ/cm2 in first week, 70mJ/cm2 in the second week and 80mJ/cm2 in the third and fourth weeks. The amount of melanin was measured using pixel method and the tyrosinase level was measured using ELISA.Results: Anova analysis indicates that the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level are significantly different between groups, p<0.05. Post Hoc LSD analysis indicates that the amount of melanin in GT-G and TC-G are significantly lower than that of C-G, p<0.05. The amount of melanin in GT-G is lower than that of TC-G, p<0.05. The tyrosinase level in GT-G is significantly lower than that of C-G and TC-G, p<0.05. Meanwhile, the tyrosinase level in TC-G is lower than that of C-G but insignificantly, p>0.05.Â Conclusion: Green tea topical treatment is significantly capable of decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level better than tocopherol.

Co-Authors Adi Wiratno, Adi aisah, wipi sari Amalia, Helfi Arief Adi Saputro Atina Hussaana Auliya, Qurrotu A'yuni Budiarto, Agnes Catur Retno Lestari Chodidjah Chodidjah Djajadihardja, Andreas Yudi Prasetyo Djoko Trihadi Lukmono Subagyo Dwi Ayu Noviana, Dwi Ayu Dwi Juniatiningrum, Ratna Eko Naning Sofyanita Eni Widayati Erna Ridawati, Erna Firdaus, Chalid Heni Wijayanti, Heni Israhnanto Isradji Joko Wahyu Wibowo Laili, Ni'mah Hidayatul Lintang Laila Rizqy, Lintang Laila M. Saugi Abduh Miftahul Jannah Nor Anisatun Nida, Nor Anisatun Putro, Prabowo Wicaksono Yuwono Ragil Saptaningtyas, Ragil Rahmawati, Rahmawati Riyanto, Anwar Roy, Adryan Shofa Chasani Siti Thomas Zulaikhah Sri Maryanti Sriwiyati, Kati Titiek Sumarawati Wani, Elsayanti wibowo, subur Wiwik Handayani Yuniarifa, Conita

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