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All Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Alchemy : Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Universitas Brawijaya Natural B The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Science and Technology Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Fish Protech JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Rengganis Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Makara Journal of Science International Journal of Renewable Energy Development al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Akhmad Sabarudin
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Brawijaya University
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences

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Journal : International Journal of Renewable Energy Development

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Immobilized L-arginine on methacrylate polymer as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for crude palm oil transesterification Erwanto, Erwanto; Warsito, Warsito; Sabarudin, Akhmad; Mardiana, Diah; Iftitah, Elvina Dhiaul
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.61761

Abstract

The development of enviromentally friendly and reusable heterogenous catalyst has attracted significant attention for sustainable biodiesel production from low-cost feedstocks such as crude palm oil (CPO). This study aims to synthesize and evaluate an L-arginine immobilized methacrylate-based porous polymer as an efficient and reusable heterogenous base catalyst for CPO transesterification. In this study, a porous polymer synthesized from glycidyl methacrylate (GM) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGD), denoted as poly(GM-co-EGD), was employed as a support matrix for L-arginine immobilization to develop an efficient heterogeneous base catalyst for the transesterification of CPO. The catalyst was prepared via free radical polymerization followed by covalent immobilization of L-arginine onto the porous polymer framework. FESEM analysis revealed a well-developed interconnected porous morphology, which was further supported by textural characterization showing a high BET surface area of 650 m² g⁻¹ and a total pore volume of 2.07 cm³ g⁻¹. FTIR spectra confirmed the successful chemical bonding between L-arginine and the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated good thermal stability of the polymeric catalyst up to 120 °C, suitable for transesterification conditions. The basic strength evaluated using Hammett indicators showed moderate-to-strong basicity (9.9 < H_ < 12), while quantitative back titration with benzoic acid revealed that the catalyst with a poly(GM-co-EGD):L-arginine ratio of 1:2 exhibited the highest total basicity of 1.01 mmol g⁻¹. Process optimization using Response Surface Methodology with a Box–Behnken design produced a highly accurate quadratic model (R² = 0.9992). Under optimal conditions, a biodiesel yield of 82.34 ± 1.08% was achieved, consistent with model predictions. The catalyst maintained stable performance over five consecutive cycles, demonstrating its potential as a green and sustainable catalyst for biodiesel production from CPO.
Co-Authors 'Aisy, Kamila Rohadatul Abdan, Ahmad Multazam Ani Mulyasuryani Arie Srihardyastutie Athiyah, Izzatul Aulanni’am Baiq Octaviana Dwi Anggraeny Barlah Rumhayati Darjito Darjito Diah Mardiana Edi Widjajanto Eka Ratri Noor Wulandari Elok Kamilah Hayati Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah Erwanto Erwin Sulistyo Fadhila, Salma Iza Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi Fiddaroini, Saidun Hani Susanti, Hani Hermin Sulistyarti Hidayaty, Alfianita Nuril Hikmanita Lisan Nashukha Ibrahim, Moh. Nuh Iftitah, Elvina D. Ika Oktavia Wulandari Ikhsan, Aqshal Nur Kasanah, Izza Lailatul Khanifah, Nurul Layta Dinira Layta Dinira Lukman Hakim M. Rafi Madaniyah, Luailik Moh. Farid Rahman Mohamad Nur Ibrahim Mohamed Abousa Gaza Mufidah Sari, Puspita Nalle, Ferry Chrismiadi Nugraha, Hedhi Setya Nur Permatasari Nur Samsu Okky Anggraito Pratikno, Mochammad Yosi Putri, Krista Firdaus Suwarno Putri, Lani Artana Qonitah Fardiyah Raeni, Septi F. Rafif, Sullahudin Ahmad Rahayu, Lale Budi Hutami Roja’i, Abdul Munir Salsabila, Isadora Evani Santjojo, Djoko Harry Setyawan Purnomo Sakti Silvi Avianti Indriana Ulayya, Salwa Vita Tria Mardila Warsito Warsito Yudha Ikoma Istanti