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All Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Alchemy : Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Universitas Brawijaya Natural B The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research EduChemia: Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Science and Technology Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Fish Protech JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Rengganis Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Makara Journal of Science al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Akhmad Sabarudin
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Brawijaya University
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences

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Non-enzymatic Determination of Glucose in Artificial Urine Using 3D-µPADs through Silver Nanoparticles Formation Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi; 'Aisy, Kamila Rohadatul; Wulandari, Ika Oktavia; Sulistyarti, Hermin; Sabarudin, Akhmad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 5 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95588

Abstract

Patients with diabetes often experience blood glucose fluctuations, making monitoring crucial. Traditional blood sampling methods pose risks of infection and pain. An alternative non-invasive approach using urine tests has been explored. Recent studies highlight microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) as convenient, simple, and easily fabricated tools for non-invasive glucose measurement. This study aims to develop a concept of measuring glucose in artificial urine using 3D-µPADs in a non-enzymatic manner by utilizing glucose as a reducing agent for silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) formation. Embedding three-dimensional connectors in µPADs links the sample and detection zones to limit reagent mixing and improve glucose detection resolution. The optimal conditions were NaOH 10 M, starch 1%, and AgNO3 30 mM, with sample and detection zone volumes of 10 and 9 µL, respectively. The fifth reaction sequence involved AgNO3 in the detection zone and a solution of glucose, NaOH, and starch in the sample zone at 1:1:1 volume ratio. The reagent drying time was 15 min, with immobilization once and reaction time of 9 min. The method showed excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9905), precision (%RSD = 4.27%), accuracy (77.32–92.58%), and limit of detection (11.11 mg/dL).
Non-Enzymatic Detection of Glucose and Ketones in Urine using Paper-Based Analytical Devices 'Aisy, Kamila Rohadatul; Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi; Sulistyarti, Hermin; Wulandari, Ika Oktavia; Sabarudin, Akhmad
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 2 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i2.87294

Abstract

Diabetes, driven by unbalanced diets and unhealthy lifestyles, is highly prevalent. In Indonesia, its prevalence is projected to reach 28.6 million by 2045. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are paper-based analytical tools that use hydrophilic paper for measurement and hydrophobic barriers to control fluid flow. This research aims to develop a non-enzymatic method for detecting glucose and ketones in artificial urine using S2Z-μPADs. The fabrication of S2Z-μPADs involves printing the design on Whatman No. 1 paper using wax printing and applying silver nanoparticles for glucose detection and the Schiff base reaction for ketone detection. The results show that the optimum condition for glucose detection is achieved with an AgNO3 concentration of 500 mM. A NaOH concentration of 10 M. Acetoacetate detection is optimized with a glycine concentration of 1 M, sodium nitroprusside concentration of 15%, NaOH concentration of 1 M, a drying time of 8 minutes, and a reaction time of 10 minutes. Validation results demonstrate good linearity for glucose (R² = 0.9821) and ketones (R² = 0.995). High precision was achieved with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 3.792% for glucose and 1.482% for ketones. The obtained limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) indicate that the developed S2Z-μPADs can differentiate between each category of diabetes. The accuracy of glucose and ketone detection ranges from 87.463% to 97.374%. The high accuracy of the μPADs highlights their potential for reliable diabetes management and effective disease monitoring.
Stability of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Using Acalypha indica L. Plant Extract as Bioreductor and Their Potential as Anticancer Agents Against T47D Cells Madaniyah, Luailik; Fiddaroini, Saidun; Hayati, Elok Kamilah; Rahman, Moh. Farid; Sabarudin, Akhmad
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.101-110

Abstract

This work investigates the anticancer potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against T47D cells as well as the stability of AgNPs manufactured using extract from Acalypha indica L. used as a bioreductant. The plant extract was used to produce and stabilize AgNPs, and stability was tracked for 30 days using UV-Vis spectroscopy and Particle Size Analysis (PSA), which included evaluations of extended sun exposure. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the size and shape of the nanoparticles, and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to determine which functional groups were responsible for stabilization. Despite a gradual size increase, the AgNPs remained stable throughout the study period. The MTT assay confirmed their potent cytotoxicity against T47D cells, underscoring the potential of Acalypha indica-derived AgNPs as stable and effective agents for cancer therapy, offering a promising alternative for novel anticancer treatments.
Teknologi Filtrasi Pm10 Berbahan Cao Limbah Cangkang Tiram Bertenaga Surya Terintegrasi Iot Ikhsan, Aqshal Nur; Abdan, Ahmad Multazam; Kasanah, Izza Lailatul; Athiyah, Izzatul; Pratikno, Mochammad Yosi; Sabarudin, Akhmad
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi (JSIT) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Mei - Agustus
Publisher : CV. Information Technology Training Center - Indonesia (ITTC)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47233/jsit.v4i2.1850

Abstract

Abstrak PM10 merupakan salah satu jenis polutan berbahaya. Konsentrasi rata-rata tahunan PM10 di Indonesia melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh WHO. BNPB menjelaskan bahwa CaO menjadi teknologi modifikasi cuaca dalam mengatasi kebakaran hutan yang mengandung PM10. Cangkang tiram merupakan salah satu penghasil CaO hingga 85%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah agar mampu merancang teknologi filtrasi PM10 berbahan dasar kalsium oksida limbah cangkang tiram bertenaga surya terintegrasi Internet of Things yang efektif dan efisien. Metode penelitian ini dimulai dari studi literatur, perancangan, pembuatan, pengujian, hingga evaluasi kinerja alat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan filter CaO dapat memfilter PM10 bahkan PM1 dan PM2,5 dengan efisiensi sebesar 78±0,047%. Hasil uji kelistrikan menunjukkan adanya penambahan tegangan sebesar 8,68 ± 0,19 V tiap jam dengan pengisian aki selama 2,8 jam. Hasil uji morfologi filter CaO terlihat adanya pengotor (PM10) yang menempel pada permukaan filter. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknologi filtrasi ini cukup efektif dalam memfilter PM10. Kata Kunci: Cangkang Tiram, Filtrasi, Kalsium Oksida, PM10, Polusi Udara Abstract Particulate matter 10 (PM10) is a type of harmful pollutant. The annual average concentration of PM10 in Indonesia exceeds the threshold set by World Health Organization (WHO). National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) explained that calcium oxide (CaO) is the weather modification technology in dealing with forest fires containing PM10. Oyster shell is one of the producers of CaO that can produce up to 85%. The purpose of this research is to be able to design effective and efficient tools to obtain PM10 filtration technology based on calcium oxide from oyster shell waste that is solarpowered and integrated with the Internet of Things. The research method starts with a literature study, design, manufacture, and testing to evaluate the tool’s performance. The test results show that the CaO filter can filter PM10 and even PM1 and PM2,5 with an efficiency of 78±0,047%. The results of the electrical test show that there is an additional voltage of 8,68±0,19 V per hour with 2,8 hours of battery charging. The results of the morphology test of the CaO filter after filtering PM showed the presence of white spot impurities (PM10) attached to the filter surface. It can be concluded that filtration technology is quite effective in filtering PM10. Keywords: Oyster Shell, Filtration, Calsium Oxide, PM10, Air Polution
Extraction of Copper(I) Thiosulfate by Modified Chitosan Anggraito, Okky; Sabarudin, Akhmad; Mulyasuryani, Ani
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (617.304 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.%y.03.02.168

Abstract

Chitosan is one of non-toxic natural biopolymer and abundance in nature. Chitosan have two active sites such as amine and hydroxyl groups. Amine groups (-NH2) in chitosan can be modified into secondary amine (-NHR). In this research, copper was dissolved as copper(I) thiosulfate as anion complex (Cu(S2O3)23-) and chitosan was modified by trimethylamine sulfur trioxide (TMAS). One of hydrogen atom in –NH2 was substituted by –SO3Na. The result of this research, the modified chitosan was identified by FT-IR. FT-IR spectra gave characteristic band at 3600-3200 cm-1 (O-H and N-H); 1648 cm-1 (C=O); 1115,74 cm-1 (S=O) and 617,18 cm-1 (N-S). The result of surface analysis using SEM and TEM showed that the surface morphology of sulfated chitosan as a result of modification is different in comparison with chitosan. Based on chitosan, pH extraction was adjusted to pH 3 until 8. After optimum pH of extraction was obtained then re-extraction was done by using thiosulfate solution at 0.05 ; 0.10 ; 0.50 ; and 1.00 M. Extraction and re-extraction of copper(I) thiosulfate was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The highest efficiency extraction using modified chitosan and chitosan respectively at pH 3 and 6. The efficiency re-extraction using modified chitosan and chitosan respectively 100% and below 100%.
Portable Solid Phase Extraction of Copper, Cadmium and Lead Using Analig ME-02 Chelating Resin and Their Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Gaza, Mohamed Abousa; Hakim, Lukman; Sabarudin, Akhmad
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemistry Department, The University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (369.44 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.%y.03.02.171

Abstract

ABSTRACT The adsorption of metallic elements on the solid phase chelating resins is probably the most effective separation and preconcentration methods. In this work, portable Solid phase extraction (SPE) was constructed using a commercially available plastic syringe containing certain amount of the Analiq ME-02 chelating resin. The ability of this portable SPE was evaluated through adsorption-desorption process of copper, lead, and cadmium prior their determination by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Some parameters affecting the adsorption-desorption of these heavy metal ions on the Analiq ME-02, which include effect of pH and concentration of eluent ((HNO3), were investigated in detail. It was found that quantitative adsorptions (> 90%) of copper, lead, and cadmium are obtained at all pHs (4-8) examined, whereas 1 M HNO3 was found to be effective for the desorption of these metals with the recoveries in the range of 93 -114%. Such results indicated that Analig ME-02 has excellent chelating ability (pH-independent) for the adsorption of copper, lead, and cadmium, while portable SPE system provides easiness and effectiveness for collection/preconcentation of metallic elements.
Urine Glucose Detection Via Gold Nanoparticle Formation Using 3D-Connector Microfluidic Paper Based Analytical Devices Putri, Krista Firdaus Suwarno; Sulistyarti, Hermin; Sabarudin, Akhmad
al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Vol 11, No 1 (2024): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ak.v11i1.35245

Abstract

A metabolic disorders that have experienced a significant increase in the world are diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is caused by two main factors: the first is damage to pancreatic beta cells, which prevents insulin from being produced, and the second is impaired insulin secretion and function. Chronic diabetes, if not treated properly, can lead to acute complications including eye, kidney, lung, nerve, and even death. Diabetes can be diagnosed through blood and urine. In general, glucose detection is carried out using invasive methods that use blood samples, which can cause pain and discomfort for users. Current research is developing non-invasive glucose detection using urine samples. This research aims to develop non-invasive glucose detection technology using 3D-connector μPADs (Microfluidic Paper Based Analytical Devices) which have the advantages of being safe, easy, and simple. The three-dimensional connector on the device functions as a connector to facilitate the coordination of fluid flow in the sample zone and detection zone. The glucose detection method uses gold (III) chloride as a gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) precursor, an aqueous extract of Acalypha indica Linn as a stabilizing agent, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst, and glucose in artificial urine as a sample. Method validation results using imageJ software indicated linearity with a coefficient of determination value (R2) of 0.9714, precision with a %RSD value (Relative Standard Deviation) of 2.69, and an accuracy level ranging from 92.22-99.23%.
THE ARTIFICIAL NOSE-BASED PMMA-rGO COMPOSITE COATED QCM SENSOR TO SNIFF COFFEE AROMA AT DIFFERENT ROASTING DEGREE Nalle, Ferry Chrismiadi; Sabarudin, Akhmad; Sakti, Setyawan Purnomo
al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Vol 11, No 2 (2024): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ak.v11i2.40381

Abstract

The quality of a product, including coffee, can be determined by its aroma, which is influenced by various chemical compounds. Human olfactory-based assesment and other technologies have been developed to assess coffee aroma; however, these methods are often costly and require highly trained professionals. Gravimetric-based sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors, offer high sensitivity, ease of use, and the capacity to modify their effective surface with nanomaterials. In this research, an artificial nose-based QCM sensor has been modified using a material-sensitive polymethyl methacrylate-reduced graphene oxide (PMMA-rGO) composite.The composite materials were synthesised using an in-situ polymerisation method in the presence of dual solvent. IR characterisation revealed PMMA and PMMA-rGO spectra to be highly similar, suggesting successful trapping of rGO within the PMMA matrix via physical interaction. Increasing the content of rGO resulted in a slight increase in the surface roughness of the QCM sensor.The composite-based QCM sensor demonstrated the capacity to detect coffee aroma at three distinct roasting temperatures (220℃, 225℃, and 230 ℃). The highest response was observed in sample PR1, with a value of -35.2 Hz (220℃), -44.3 Hz (225℃), and -83 Hz (230℃) for the variation in the amount of rGO in the polymer matrix. The presence of rGO with their surface area properties enhanced the QCM sensor to detect coffee aroma.
THE ARTIFICIAL NOSE-BASED PMMA-rGO COMPOSITE COATED QCM SENSOR TO SNIFF COFFEE AROMA AT DIFFERENT ROASTING DEGREE Nalle, Ferry Chrismiadi; Sabarudin, Akhmad; Sakti, Setyawan Purnomo
al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ak.v11i2.40381

Abstract

The quality of a product, including coffee, can be determined by its aroma, which is influenced by various chemical compounds. Human olfactory-based assesment and other technologies have been developed to assess coffee aroma; however, these methods are often costly and require highly trained professionals. Gravimetric-based sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors, offer high sensitivity, ease of use, and the capacity to modify their effective surface with nanomaterials. In this research, an artificial nose-based QCM sensor has been modified using a material-sensitive polymethyl methacrylate-reduced graphene oxide (PMMA-rGO) composite.The composite materials were synthesised using an in-situ polymerisation method in the presence of dual solvent. IR characterisation revealed PMMA and PMMA-rGO spectra to be highly similar, suggesting successful trapping of rGO within the PMMA matrix via physical interaction. Increasing the content of rGO resulted in a slight increase in the surface roughness of the QCM sensor.The composite-based QCM sensor demonstrated the capacity to detect coffee aroma at three distinct roasting temperatures (220℃, 225℃, and 230 ℃). The highest response was observed in sample PR1, with a value of -35.2 Hz (220℃), -44.3 Hz (225℃), and -83 Hz (230℃) for the variation in the amount of rGO in the polymer matrix. The presence of rGO with their surface area properties enhanced the QCM sensor to detect coffee aroma.
Nanoparticle-Enhanced 3D-Connector Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (3D-µPADs) for Sensitive and Cost-Effective Detection of Albumin-Creatinine Ratio in Urine Sample Sabarudin, Akhmad; Fiddaroini, Saidun; Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi; Roja’i, Abdul Munir; Salsabila, Isadora Evani; Aulanni’am; Srihardyastutie, Arie; Susanti, Hani; Samsu, Nur
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.2.504-518

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge affecting over 800 million people worldwide. Early detection is crucial to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where life-saving interventions like dialysis or transplantation are necessary. Among the markers for early kidney damage, the Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) in urine is one of the most reliable. Conventional methods of ACR detection, such as LC/MS-MS and ELISA, are highly accurate but require expensive equipment and skilled personnel, limiting their accessibility, especially in resource-limited settings. To address this, we developed a 3D-connector microfluidic paperbased analytical device (3D-µPADs) enhanced with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for sensitive and low-cost ACR detection. The integration of AuNPs amplifies colorimetric signals, enhancing the visual distinction in albumin detection. Our 3D-µPADs werefabricated using chromatographic paper Whatman No. 1 with hydrophobic barriers created by solid wax printing, followed by reagent immobilization for albumin and creatinine detection. The colorimetric and distance responses, based on reactions with Bromocresol Green (BCG) and Chrome Azurol S-Palladium (CAS-Pd2+), were analyzed using ImageJ software to quantify albumin and creatinine levels. The 3D-µPADs exhibited optimal sensitivity and accuracy, with linear detection ranges for albumin and creatinine of 30–400 mg/g. Validation with human urine samples demonstrated an accuracy of 93.04%, suggesting that 3D-µPADs offer a promising alternative for early nephropathy detection. Our findings provide a cost-effective, accessible tool for CKD screening, potentially transforming diagnostics in low-resource environments.
Co-Authors 'Aisy, Kamila Rohadatul Abdan, Ahmad Multazam Ani Mulyasuryani Arie Srihardyastutie Athiyah, Izzatul Aulanni’am Baiq Octaviana Dwi Anggraeny Barlah Rumhayati Darjito Darjito Edi Widjajanto Eka Ratri Noor Wulandari Elok Kamilah Hayati Erwin Sulistyo Fadhila, Salma Iza Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi Fiddaroini, Saidun Hani Susanti, Hani Hermin Sulistyarti Hikmanita Lisan Nashukha Ibrahim, Moh. Nuh Iftitah, Elvina D. Ika Oktavia Wulandari Ikhsan, Aqshal Nur Kasanah, Izza Lailatul Khanifah, Nurul Layta Dinira Layta Dinira Lukman Hakim M. Rafi Madaniyah, Luailik Moh. Farid Rahman Mohamad Nur Ibrahim Mohamed Abousa Gaza Mufidah Sari, Puspita Nalle, Ferry Chrismiadi Nur Permatasari Nur Samsu Okky Anggraito Pratikno, Mochammad Yosi Putri, Krista Firdaus Suwarno Putri, Lani Artana Raeni, Septi F. Rafif, Sullahudin Ahmad Rahayu, Lale Budi Hutami Roja’i, Abdul Munir Salsabila, Isadora Evani Santjojo, Djoko Harry Setyawan Purnomo Sakti Silvi Avianti Indriana Ulayya, Salwa Vita Tria Mardila Yudha Ikoma Istanti ‘Aisy, Kamila Rohadatul