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Optimization of Flavonoid Compounds from Avocado Seeds Using Ethanol Solvent through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Laurentcya, Treyna Dara; Fergilang, Jibraltar; Sari, Ni Ketut; Nurherdiana, Silvana Dwi
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v9i2.742

Abstract

This research aimed to optimize the extraction of flavonoid compounds from avocado seeds (Persea Americana Mill.) using ethanol as a solvent through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Avocado seeds are known to contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, which exhibit antioxidant properties. Extraction was performed via maceration using 96% ethanol, with varying extraction times (1–5 days) and seed powder-to-solvent ratios (10–50% w/v). The results demonstrated that prolonged extraction time and higher solvent ratios significantly increased flavonoid yield, peaking at 6.5090% (5 days, 50% w/v). RSM optimization (25 data points) identified optimal conditions at 4.99414 days and a 39.6367% w/v ratio, yielding 3.65815% flavonoids. GC-MS analysis detected degraded flavonoid derivatives (e.g., avocadenofuran), attributed to high-temperature processing. The study confirms ethanol-based maceration as an effective method for flavonoid extraction, with time and solvent ratio being critical factors. These findings support potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries for the development of antioxidant products. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 3: Good Health and Well-beingSDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and InfrastructureSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 13: Climate Action
Glucose Synthesis from Imperata Cylindrica by Acid Hydrolysis Process Muhammad Ashfal Ashfiya; Ahmad Rizky Safrudin; Ni Ketut Sari; Rachmad Ramadhan Yogaswara
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v9i2.752

Abstract

Imperata cylindrica, commonly known as alang-alang, is a fast-growing, abundant, and underutilised grass often considered a weed. However, its high cellulose content makes it a promising lignocellulosic biomass for renewable glucose production. This study explores the synthesis of glucose from Imperata cylindrica through acid hydrolysis, with the aim of utilizing this low-cost biomass as a sustainable raw material for bio-based products. The hydrolysis process was investigated using two main variables: hydrolysis time (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours) and acid concentration (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%). The resulting hydrolysates containing glucose were analyzed using a refractometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and further optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The highest glucose content obtained by refractometer was 6.5%, while RSM predicted a maximum of 6.49%, and UV-Vis analysis showed 6.34%. All optimal results were achieved under the condition of 2.5 hours of hydrolysis time and a 3% acid concentration. These findings highlight the potential of Imperata cylindrica as a viable and sustainable feedstock for glucose production through acid hydrolysis, contributing to the development of alternative bio-resources. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 6: Clean Water and SanitationSDG 11: Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesSDG 13: Climate ActionSDG 15: Life on Land
Analisis Lanskap Penelitian Remanufaktur dan Perilaku Konsumen: Studi Literatur Sistematis Sari, Komang Nickita; Anityasari, Maria; Sari, Ni Ketut
Tekmapro Vol. 19 No. 2 (2024): TEKMAPRO
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Industri Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/tekmapro.v19i2.423

Abstract

Penelitian mengenai remanufaktur telah berkembang pesat dalam beberapa dekade terakhir seiring dengan meningkatnya perhatian terhadap keberlanjutan dan ekonomi sirkular. Remanufaktur adalah proses perbaikan dan peremajaan produk bekas sehingga produk tersebut dapat digunakan kembali dengan kualitas yang setara dengan produk baru. Proses ini membantu mengurangi limbah, penggunaan sumber daya alam, serta menawarkan solusi ekonomis bagi konsumen dan produsen. Namun, adopsi praktik remanufaktur menghadapi berbagai tantangan, terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, di mana pemahaman konsumen mengenai produk remanufaktur masih rendah dan persepsi terhadap produk murah sebagai produk berkualitas rendah masih dominan. Ketidakjelasan dalam definisi remanufaktur juga menjadi hambatan besar bagi peneliti dan praktisi, menyebabkan kesulitan dalam melakukan penelitian yang efektif dan menyebarkan pengetahuan tentang proses tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai lanskap penelitian remanufaktur yang terkadang masih ambigu dan membutuhkan eksplorasi lebih lanjut. Dengan menggunakan metode eksploratif dan systematic literature review, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tren terkini dan isu-isu penting yang mempengaruhi adopsi praktik remanufaktur, serta memberikan wawasan mengenai perbedaan perilaku konsumen di negara maju dan berkembang terhadap produk remanufaktur.
Optimization of Acetone Concentration and Reflux Ratio for Enhanced Oil Extraction from Spent Bleaching Earth: A Response Surface Methodology Approach Monica, Clarissa Putri; Anggraeni, Verendria Putri Caesar; Sumada, Ketut; Sari, Ni Ketut; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2025.9.4.183-191

Abstract

Spent bleaching earth with an oil content exceeding 3% is classified as hazardous and toxic waste, requiring appropriate processing prior to environmental disposal. Extraction is one effective method for processing spent bleaching earth. This study focuses on the optimization of oil extraction from spent bleaching earth using acetone as a solvent, specifically analyzing the effects of solvent concentration and reflux ratio on oil recovery efficiency and evaluating the quality of recovered bleaching earth for potential reuse in vegetable oil refining processes. The extraction method employed was soxhlet extraction using acetone as the solvent. Five different acetone concentrations (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) were tested in combination with five reflux ratios (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), creating a total of 25 experimental conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize these parameters and identify the ideal conditions for maximum oil recovery. The experimental design and statistical analysis were conducted using Design Expert 13.0.5.0 software. The quality of recovered bleaching earth was assessed against Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for potential reuse applications. The optimization results indicated optimal conditions of 69.15% acetone concentration and a reflux ratio of 4, yielding a maximum oil recovery rate of 17.52%. Analysis of the recovered bleaching earth showed that while it met most SNI standards for bleaching earth quality parameters, the pH remained acidic (below neutral), indicating that alkaline pretreatment would be necessary before the material could be effectively reused in vegetable oil bleaching processes. The study demonstrates that acetone-based soxhlet extraction can effectively recover oil from spent bleaching earth while producing a secondary product suitable for reuse after appropriate pH adjustment.