Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 32 Documents
Search

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK PAKKAT UMBUT ROTAN (Callamus Caesius Blume) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Staphylococcus aureus Ani Umar; Angriani Fusvita; Sri Rahayu
Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Kendari Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Kendari (JAKK) : Vol. 5 (2) Juni 2023)
Publisher : Program Study of Medical Laboratory Technology , Politeknik Bina Husada Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46356/jakk.v5i2.253

Abstract

ABSTRACT Rattan tubers (Calamus caesius Blume) is a traditional food taken from the inside of young rattan which is usually used as vegetables. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can be inhibited by the content of various chemical compounds in various plants such as rattan shoots. The rattan shoots contain saponins and alkaloids. This study aims to determine the phytochemical screening and test the inhibition of rattan root extract (Callamus Caesius Blume) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The type of research carried out was an experiment with rattan umbut extract treated as a test of inhibition of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. 500 grams of rattan umbut pakkat extract was obtained by maceration method for 5 days. In this study using the Kirby Bauer method (disk diffusion). The results showed that the chemical compounds contained in the rattan umbut pack were alkaloids and saponins, while in the inhibition test there was no clear zone around the paper disk which indicated that the rattan umbut pack extract could not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15% , and 100% . Key words: Inhibition zone, rattan root extract, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAK Pakkat umbut rotan (Calamus caesius Blume) adalah makanan tradisional yang diambil dari bagian dalam rotan muda yang biasanya dijadikan sayur-sayuran. Pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dapat dihambat oleh kandungan senyawa kimia yang beragam pada berbagai tumbuhan seperti umbut rotan. Umbut rotan tersebut memiliki senyawa saponin dan alkaloid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui skrining fitokimia dan uji daya hambat ekstrak pakkat umbut rotan (callamus Caesius Blume) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dengan ekstrak pakkat umbut rotan diberikan perlakuan sebagai uji daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Ekstrak pakkat umbut rotan sebanyak 500 gram diperoleh dengan metode maserasi selama 5 hari. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby bauer (difusi disk). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada pakkat umbut rotan adalah alkaloid dan saponin sedangkan pada uji daya hambat tidak terdapat zona bening disekitar paper disk yang menandakan ekstrak pakkat umbut rotan tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 100% . Kata kunci: Zona Hambat, ekstrak pakkat umbut rotan, Staphylococcus aureus
Steroidal and Potential Anti-inflammatory Properties of Carteriospongia sp from the Southeast Sulawesi Sea Coast Daud, Nur Saadah; Yodha, Agung Wibawa Mahatva; Musdalipah, Musdalipah; Fusvita, Angriani; Firdayanti, Firdayanti; Sahidin, Sahidin; Arfan, Arfan; Fristiohady, Adryan; Sadarun, Baru
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 3 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.3.453-464

Abstract

Marine sponges are an abundant yet underutilized resource in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, despite their ecological roles and pharmacological potential. Steroidal metabolites are dominant in many sponge species and have been widely recognized for their strong anti-inflammatory activity. However, the chemical composition and biological potential of Carteriospongia sp from Indonesian waters remain unexplored. Carteriospongia sp was extracted using the Soxhlet method, and the chemical profile was analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vitro using the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein denaturation assay, with methylprednisolone as the positive control. Molecular docking studies were performed to assess the interactions between steroidal compounds and BSA protein. GC-MS analysis identified eight steroidal compounds such as 2-methylenecholestan-3-ol (S1), stigmasterol (S2), 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-ol (S3), 8,14-seco-3,19-epoxyandrostane-8,14-dione, 17-acetoxy-3ß-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl (S4), cholic acid ethyl ester (S5),  (3ß,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol (S6), stigmastan-3-en-6-ol (S7), ß-sitosterol (S8). The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation, achieving 84.81% inhibition at 128 mg.L-1. The IC50 value was 3.71 mg.L-1, comparable to methylprednisolone (IC50 4.45 mg.L-1). Molecular docking revealed that compound S1 and S4 exhibited lower binding energies than other steroids, suggesting stronger stabilization of BSA protein. The findings demonstrate that Carteriospongia sp extract possesses significant anti-inflammatory potential, comparable to methylprednisolone. This study provides novel insights into the bioactive potential of Indonesian marine sponges and emphasizes the importance of further pharmacological and molecular studies to develop sponge-derived steroidal compounds as alternative or complementary anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Pencegahan Kecacingan Melalui Pendampingan Pembiasaan Pola Hidup Bersih Sehat dan Pemeriksaan Kecacingan pada Anak-Anak Di SD Negeri 3 Konawe Selatan: Pencegahan Kecacingan Melalui Pendampingan Pembiasaan Pola Hidup Bersih Sehat dan Pemeriksaan Kecacingan pada Anak-Anak Di SD Negeri 3 Konawe Selatan Aulya, Muhammad Sultanul; Idris, Sri Aprilianti; Fusvita, Angriani; firdayanti, Firdayanti; Fusvita; Umar, Ani; Idris, Kemal; Wenty, Darmayanita
Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA Vol 6 No 4 (2023): Oktober-Desember 2023
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpmpi.v6i4.6202

Abstract

Worm infections caused by Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) are intestinal nematode worms which are transmitted through the soil in their life cycle. The various kinds of nematode class worms that are known are roundworms (Ascaris Lumbricoides), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus). Worms have a very bad effect on health, in children worms will have an impact on learning disorders, decreased quality of intelligence and reduced nutritional intake. The aim of this community service activity is to provide socialization on the prevention of worms through assistance in getting used to a clean, healthy lifestyle and checking for worms among children at SD Negeri 3 Konawe selatan. The respondents in this activity were children at SD Negeri 3 Konawe selatan and 31 stool samples were obtained. The results of stool examination using the direct method on 31 children's stool samples did not find positive samples and 31 children's stool samples did not contain intestinal nematode worm eggs.
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN PATIWALA (Lantana camara L)TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Afdillah, Nia; Fusvita, Angriani; Febriyani, Rani
Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Kendari Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Kendari (JAKK) : Vol. 6 (1) Desember 2023)
Publisher : Program Study of Medical Laboratory Technology , Politeknik Bina Husada Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46356/jakk.v6i1.289

Abstract

ABSTRACT Indonesia has high natural resources and biodiversity, consisting of a number of islands with 34 provinces that have a variety of ethnicities and cultures. Medicinal culture has been proliferating since ancient times which has been preserved from generation to generation. This traditional medicine can be used as a medicine and around 300 types have been utilized for traditional medicinal ingredients.This study was to determine the patiwala leaf extract and its concertation in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria. This research is a labolatory experimental research witch is a quqntitative study. This research method is to explain the cause and effect between one variable and another variable. This research was conducted using 2 methods of the kruskallwallis test and the normality test with the help of the SPSS application. The result of the Kruskallwallis test and normality text with normal result with values (p>0,41) and (p<0,01). Patiwala leaf extract (Lantana camara L) has different abilities against the growth of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria. Keywords : Patiwala Leaves, Lantana camara L, Inhibition ABSTRAK Indonesia memiliki sumber daya alam dan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, terdiri dari jumlah pulau dengan 34 provinsi yang memiliki beranekaragaman suku dan budaya. Budaya pengobatan sangat berkembang sejak dulu yang sangat dilestarikan secara turun-temurun. Pengobatan tradisional ini dapat digunakan sebagai obat dan sekitar 300 jenis yang sudah di manfaatkan untuk bahan obat tradisional. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ekstrak daun patiwala dan konsentrasi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus Mutans. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen laboratorium merupakan suatu penelitian kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini yaitu menjelaskan sebab akibat bahwa antara satu variable dengan varibel lainya. Penelitian ini di lakukan dengan menggunakan 2 metode uji kruskall wallis test dan uji normalitas dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil uji kruskall wallis test dan uji normalitas dengan hasil normal dengan nilai (p<0,41) dan (p<0,01). Ekstrak daun patiwala (Lantana camara L) yang memiliki kemampuan yang brbeda-beda terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans Kata Kunci: Daun patiwala, Lantana camara L, Daya hambat
Pembuatan Teh Kombucha dengan Tambahan Tanaman Herbal sebagai Minuman Probiotik Kesehatan di Desa Soropia Idris, Sri Aprilianti; Pryangan, Wulandari; Karmilah, Karmilah; Firdayanti, Firdayanti; Fusvita, Angriani; Yodha, Agung Wibawa Mahatva; Wenty, Darmayanita; Susanti, Susanti; Zeptiano, Zeptiano; Dhea, Alisha
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Pemberdayaan, Inovasi dan Perubahan Vol 5, No 6 (2025): JPM: Pemberdayaan, Inovasi dan Perubahan
Publisher : Penerbit Widina, Widina Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59818/jpm.v5i6.2226

Abstract

Kombucha tea is the result of the fermentation of tea and sugar solution using Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) which produces a drink with a fresh taste, distinctive aroma, and contains various bioactive compounds, such as organic acids, vitamins, and probiotics. The addition of herbal ingredients to kombucha tea, such as ginger, lemongrass, or mint leaves, can enhance the taste and improve health. Soropia Village as a coastal area has great potential in the development of products based on natural ingredients. However, limited knowledge and skills of the community in processing ingredients into value-added products remain a barrier. The purpose of community service is to increase knowledge and training to the community in Soropia Village on making kombucha tea with the addition of herbs as a health drink rich in probiotics. The methods used are socialization, education, training and evaluation. This activity was carried out in Soropia Village with the target group of the Soropia Village Family Welfare Movement (PKK). This training enables the community to know and understand how to make kombucha tea with the addition of herbal plants as a health drink that can be made into a product. The training and interviews following teh kombucha tea-making workshop demonstrated that all participants understood the material, with nearly 30 participants answering the questionnaire correctly. After the training, participants were able to independently make kombucha tea with ginger at home.ABSTRAKTeh kombucha merupakan hasil fermentasi larutan teh dan gula menggunakan Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) yang menghasilkan minuman dengan cita rasa segar, beraroma khas, serta mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, seperti asam organik, vitamin, dan probiotik. Penambahan bahan herbal pada teh kombucha, seperti jahe, serai, atau daun mint, dapat meningkatkan cita rasa sekaligus dapat meningkatkan kesehatan. Desa Soropia sebagai salah satu wilayah pesisir memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan produk berbasis bahan alami. Namun, keterbatasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengolah bahan menjadi produk bernilai tambah masih menjadi kendala. Tujuan pengabdian untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat di desa soropia tentang pembuatan teh kombucha dengan tambahan herbal  sebagai minuman kesehatan yang kaya probiotik. Metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi, edukasi, pelatihan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di desa soropia dengan target kelompok PKK desa Soropia. Pelatihan ini membuat masyarakat dapat mengetahui dan memahami bagaimana cara pembuatan teh kombucha dengan tambahan tanaman herbal sebagai minuman kesehatan yang dapat dijadikan produk. Hasil pelatihan dan wawancara setelah dilakukan pengabdian pembuatan teh kombucha, seluruh peserta memahami materi yang diberikan dengan hasil jawaban hampir 30 peserta menjawab kuesioner dengan benar. Setelah pelatihan, peserta dapat membuat teh kombucha dengan tambahan jahe secara mandiri dirumah.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Twandokulo (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) Terhadap pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Penyebab Karies Gigi Nur Awalia Putri Zainal; Ainun ayu yuniar; Angriani Fusvita; Rein Rahmat
Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Kendari Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Kendari (JAKK) : Vol. 8 (1) Desember 2025)
Publisher : Program Study of Medical Laboratory Technology , Politeknik Bina Husada Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46356/jakk.v8i1.395

Abstract

leaf is one of the local medicinal plants of Southeast Sulawesi, which has several benefits. One of the benefits of the Kleinhovia hospita Linn plant is as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of tawandokulo leaf extract (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) on the inhibition zone of Streptcoccus mutans ATCC 25175 bacteria. This research is a laboratory experiment to see the antibacterial effectiveness test of tawandokulo leaf extract (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) against Streptcoccus mutans ATCC 25175 bacteria at various concentrations namely 20%, 40%, 60%, positive control Amoxcilin 0.001%, negative control DMSO. Tawandokulo leaf extract was obtained from maceration extraction using ethanol solvent. This study used the agar well diffusion method, incubated at 37oC for 24 hours and the inhibition was measured using a caliper, with extract samples carried out in triplicate. Based on the antibacterial effectiveness test of Tawandokulo Leaf Extract (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) against Streptcoccus mutans ATCC 25175 bacteria, the inhibition response results were obtained at concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60%. The results obtained showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone from the growth of Streptcoccus mutans ATCC 25175 bacteria obtained at 20% concentration had no inhibition zone, 40% concentration had no inhibition zone, 60% concentration had an average inhibition zone of 6,23 mm, positive control had an average inhibition zone of 19,13 mm, and negative control had no inhibition zone.
Platelet to cholesterol ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with diabetes and comorbidity risk Ani Umar; Firdayanti; Heni Umar; Angriani Fusvita; Susanti; Sri Aprilianti Idris
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2026): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v24i2.452

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between platelet to HDL cholesterol (Platelet to HDL Ratio / PHR) ratio and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as evaluate the ability of PHR as a predictor of comorbidity risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. The discriminatory ability of the model is evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), with the area under the curve (AUC) used to measure the model's performance. Sensitivity and specificity. This study used a cross-sectional observational design with 220 participants (110 type 2 diabetes patients and 110 non-diabetic controls) from the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial General Hospital. Samples were selected based on inclusion criteria (age 30–70 years, for the diabetes group) and exclusion (such as anemia or use of anticoagulant drugs). Data were collected through clinical examinations (age, BMI, blood pressure, platelet count, HDL). PHR is calculated as the number of platelets (per μL) divided by HDL levels (mg/dL). Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test, multivariate logistic regression, and ROC curve with SPSS software (p < 0.05). The results showed that PHR was significantly higher in the diabetes group with comorbidities (mean 5.49±2.10) than in healthy individuals (4.25±2.39; p < 0.001). The ROC curve shows an AUC of 0.70 for PHR in predicting comorbidity risk, better than HDL alone (AUC 0.55). This study shows that platelet-to-HDL ratio (PHR) is proven to be a simple and economical potential biomarker for detecting an association with diabetes and predicting the risk of vascular comorbidities. These findings support the use of PHR in routine clinical practice, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. This research contributes to the strategy for the early prevention of diabetes complications through easily accessible hematological parameters.
PROFIL LIPID PADA LANJUT USIA SEBAGAI FAKTOR RESIKO PENYAKIT METABOLIK DI KENDARI SULAWESI TENGGARA Ani Umar; Firdayanti Firdayanti; Angriani Fusvita
Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): Desember
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Abdurrab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36341/klinikal_sains.v12i2.5089

Abstract

Metabolic diseases are a global health problem that is increasing especially in developed countries (Silva et al., 2020). The incidence is higher in the elderly population due to physiological and metabolic changes associated with aging (Silva et al., 2020). Lipid profile is an important indicator in assessing the risk of metabolic diseases. Blood lipids include total cholesterol, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), HDL (high Density Lipoprotein), and triglycerides, playing a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease. (Emmanuel et al., 2022) The purpose of this study was to determine the lipid profile in the elderly as one of the metabolic diseases. This study used a cross-sectional design with a target population of 50 elderly individuals aged 60 years and over. data were collected through direct measurement of lipid profiles including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL using the CHOD-PAP method (Chlorimetric Derivate- Para Amino Phenazone) using a spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed that from 50 elderly patients, the lipid profile levels obtained were total cholesterol levels in the normal category with an average cost of 1.66, where 66% of respondents obtained normal cholesterol levels, while 34% showed high cholesterol levels. in the triglyceride variable, the results obtained were 72% of respondents had normal triglyceride levels, while 28% experienced an increase. HDL levels showed more positive results, with 82% of respondents having good HDL levels, and only 18% having low HDL levels, and, analysis of LDL levels revealed that only 8% of respondents had high LDL levels, while 92% had normal LDL levels in men and women, TG/HDL limits are <150 and> 40 mg/dl, and cholesterol limits <200 and LDL <150.
Gambaran Hasil Pemeriksaan Urinalisa sebagai Metode Skrining Disfungsi Ginjal pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Terapi Antidiabetik Oral Darmayanita Wenty; Muhammad Sultanul Aulya; Muhammad Ilyas Yusuf; Angriani Fusvita; Heni Umar; Immel Putri Qaila
HEALTH SCIENCE & BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April 2026 : Health Science & Biomedical Journal (HSBJ)
Publisher : Literasi Indonesia Emas (PT)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronik yang berisiko komplikasi mikrovaskular termasuk nefropati diabetik. Penggunaan obat antidiabetik oral merupakan pilihan utama pasien DM Tipe 2, namun penggunaan yang tidak tepat beresiko efek samping termasuk gangguan fungsi ginjal. Pemeriksaan urinalisa merupakan skrining awal sederhana untuk mendeteksi gangguan fungsi ginjal. Namun, data profil urinalisa pada pasien DM Tipe 2 dengan terapi antidiabetik oral di RSUD Bahteramas masih terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil urinalisa pada pasien DM Tipe 2 yang menjalani terapi antidiabetik oral. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. 40 pasien DM Tipe 2 yang menjalani terapi antidiabetik oral dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dilakukan pemeriksaan urinalisa kualitatif dengan makroskopis urine, semi-kuantitatif menggunakan dipstick dan analisis mikroskopis sedimen urin. Hasil: Ditemukan glukosa sebanyak 52,5%, protein sebanyak 62,5%, darah sebanyak 67,5%, leukosit sebanyak 40%. Pada hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis ditemukan leukosit sebanyak 50%, eritrosit sebanyak 100%, sel epitel sebanyak 52,5%, kristal sebanyak 12,5%, dan bakteri sebanyak 25%. Kesimpulan: Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya gangguan fungsi ginjal pada sebagian pasien meskipun telah menjalani terapi antidiabetik oral. Pemeriksaan urinalisa secara rutin dapat digunakan sebagai skrining awal yang efektif dalam deteksi komplikasi ginjal pada DM.
Assessement of Candida albicans of the oral mucosa among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Bahteramas Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province Firdayanti Firdayanti; Angriani Fusvita; Ani Umar
JURNAL INDONESIA DARI ILMU LABORATORIUM MEDIS DAN TEKNOLOGI Vol 7 No 2 (2025): From Natural Compounds to Disease Mechanisms: An Integrated Research Outlook
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33086/ijmlst.v7i2.5496

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from either insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Candida albicans is a fungus generally found on the surface of the mucous membrane, which usually dominates and overgrows among DM patients. This study aims to identify the presence of the C. albicans fungus on the oral mucosa of individuals with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus at Bahteramas Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. A descriptive study was employed, and a purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 62 patients. Swab samples were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar medium for Gram staining and carbohydrate assimilation tests. The resulting culture was tested using CHROMagarTM Candida (CAC) media. Among the 62 samples, 56 samples were identified to have a convex colony, a cream-color surface, a smooth texture, and a Gram-positive nature. The carbohydrate assimilation test showed that the indicated samples could ferment glucose and maltose, but not lactose and sucrose. Green colonies are formed through CHROMagarTM Candida differential media testing. There are 56 identification results for C. albicans from oral mucosal swab samples from 62 patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Bahteramas Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province, yielding six other patients with negative results.