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SIMULTANEOUS PATHOGEN DETECTION OF SHRIMP VIRUSES ON CULTURED TIGER SHRIMPS (Penaeus monodon) IN INDONESIA Koesharyani, Isti; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka; Gardenia, Lila; Aryati, Yani; Mahardika, Ketut; Mufidah, Tatik
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2023): (June, 2023)
Publisher : Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resource

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.79-86

The multiple-pathogen infection causes severe economic impact to shrimp industry in Indonesia and worldwide due to mass mortality and multiple abnormalities of the survived infected shrimps. However, multiple-pathogen detection tools in shrimp diseases have not yet widely used. The purpose in this study was to develop and applied simultaneous detection system using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay from natural infections caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and monodon baculovirus (MBV) in Black tiger shrimp culture. To analyze multiple-pathogen infections in the shrimp, the study designed and used three pairs of specific primers targeting DNA virus from the shrimp diseases. All amplifications used a specific master mix for multiplex PCR assay and standardized extracted nucleic acid from the samples. This mPCR assay successfully amplified the DNA of three viruses in a single tube-run by multiplex PCR for each virus. Based on the results, the study confirms that multiple-pathogen infection contributes the highest mass mortality rather than from single infection by either WSSV, IHHNV or MBV. This study also confirms that the mPCR assay is a faster, cheaper, and efficient method to detect and subsequently prevent the spreading of multi-pathogen shrimp diseases.

Indonesian Herb Extracts Inhibit the Replication of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: In Vitro Study Priosoeryanto, Bambang Pontjo; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka; Lanniari, Nafrina; Setiyaningsih, Surachmi; Harlina, Eva; Wulansari, Retno; Ridho, Rachmi; Rostantinata, Riski; Wiradana, Putu Angga; Okabayashi, Tamaki
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.727-739

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is highly prevalent in cattle. It is a major viral cause of bovine respiratory disease complex, which is associated with morbidity, mortality and substantial economic impact. Currently available treatments are only symptomatic, but no specific treatments are available for BRSV infection. This study aimed to identify new antiviral agents against BRSV, which could be used to control bovine respiratory disease complex in cattle with Indonesian herb extracts. Ethanol extracts prepared from Indonesian herbs including Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri, Curcuma aeruginosa, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza were evaluated for anti-BRSV activity in A549 cells. The cytotoxicity of the herb extracts was evaluated using a CCK-8 cell viability assay. Antiviral activities of the herb extracts were examined using cell activity and cytopathic assays. The effect on virus production was evaluated by qRT-PCR and plaque-formation assays. Extracts of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (125 μg/ml), Andrographis paniculata (250 μg/ml), and Phyllanthus niruri (62.5 μg/ml) inhibited BRSV activity in A549 in pre-, simultaneously-, and post-infection treatment assays, respectively, as measured by the selective index. Reduction of BRSV activities by the herb extracts correlated with inhibition of viral gene expression and inhibition of plaque formation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that these herb extracts have sufficient potency to be used not only as a therapeutic agent but also as a preventive agent to limit BRSV infection.

Intensity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Floating Net Cages in Lake Batur, Bali Yogi, Gusti Ayu Putu Cintya Pratami; Julyantoro, Pande Gde Sasmita; Pebriani, Dewa Ayu Angga; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v5i2.6321

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most cultivated freshwater fish. The problem that is often faced in fish farming is diseases caused by parasitic attacks (ectoparasites) which can cause a decrease in fish production levels. To overcome these problems, research is needed on the intensity and prevalence of ectoparasites in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to determine the density of ectoparasite attacks and the percentage of ectoparasites in tilapia. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples were taken from the Floating Net Cage (KJA) of Lake Batur, Songan Village, Kedisan and Trunyan. Sampling is carried out by purposive sampling or determining location points. The tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples examined were 36 fish samples with a size of 14.7-21 cm tilapia niwana. The ectoparasite found only in the gills of tilapia, namely Dactylogyrus sp. (506 ind) and Gyrodactylus sp. (13 ind). The highest intensity in the genus Dactylogyrus was 14.06 ind/head in the medium category, while in the genus Gyrodactylus it was 1.86 ind/head in the low category. The highest prevalence value in the genus Dactylogyrus is 100% with the always category while for the genus Gyrodactylus is 19.44% with the frequent category. The data supporting water quality in this study includes temperature, pH, and DO. The temperature of lake water in floating net cages during the study ranged from 23oC-28oC, pH or acidity degree ranged from 8.1-9 and DO range from 4.8-5.6 mg/L. The results of the water quality in this study are classified as optimal for tilapia rearing.

Effect of vitamin C supplementation on the survival rate and histopathological changes of gills and kidneys of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophylla Dewa Ayu Angga Pebriani; I Ketut Wija Negara; Ni Putu Putri Wijayanti; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka; Putu Angga Wiradana
Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): JAFH Vol. 13 No. 2 June 2024
Publisher : Department of Aquaculture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jafh.v13i2.43897

This study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the survival rate and histopathological changes of gills and kidneys of tilapia infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Three doses of vitamin C were tested (150; 300; and 450 mg/kg) with two control groups. Tilapia with uniform size (average weight of 14 grams) as the criteria for inclusion were randomly distributed in five ponds with 15 tilapia fish per ponds. Tilapia was fed with hands until full for two weeks. Tilapia was then infected with A. hydrophila to find out the survival rate and histopathological changes of gills and kidneys at the end of the experimental period or 7 days after infection. The supplementation of 150 mg/kg vitamin C in feed increased the survival rate (%) in Tilapia by 86.67% or higher than other treatment and control groups. The damage to gills in terms of lamella separation was found in all treatment groups, as well as kidneys. The results found that the supplementation of 150 mg/kg vitamin C in feed increased survival rate but did not give effective protection on gills and kidneys.

Effect of Silk Worms (Tubifex sp.) Feed On Production Performance, Nutri-tion, And Gills Histology of Striped Catfish Fingerlings (Pangasionodon hy-popthalmus): English Yohanes Corne; Sinung Rahardjo; Moch. Nurhudah; Putu Angga Wiradana; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka
Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): JAFH Vol. 14 No. 1 February 2025
Publisher : Department of Aquaculture

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jafh.v14i1.62255

Natural feed has emerged as an alternative to support production performance and the nutrients contained in fish meat. This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding silk worms (Tubifex sp.) in improving production performance, nutritional content, and gill histology of striped catfish fingerlings (Pangasionodon hypopthalmus). Silkworms were sourced from different origins, namely Group P1 (silkworms with dry food media), Group P2 (commercial silkworms), and Group P3 (wild silkworms). Silkworms were reared for 55 days and fed to catfish seed for 25 days ad libitum. Feeding had no significant effect on absolute length growth, total biomass, and feed conversion with worm feeding treatment (P1) with values respectively 2.3 ± 0.10%, 6.0 ± 0.38%, and 4.2 ± 0.47%. Likewise, the results of growth rate, weight, and length, group P1 had better results compared to treatments (P2) and (P3) but were not significantly different. The best protein efficiency ratio resulted from treatment (P1) of 0.42 ± 0.25%. Gill histology changes were shown in groups P2 and P3, namely hemorrhage and congestion. Based on these results, silkworms reared in dry media can be an effective natural food for striped catfish fingerlings.

Prevalence of bacterial contamination on seafoods products collected from traditional fish market in Bali Province during 2023: Prevalensi kontaminasi bakteri pada produk hasil ikan laut yang dikumpulkan dari pasar ikan tradisional di Provinsi Bali selama tahun 2023 Sudaryatma, Putu Eka; Wiradana, Putu Angga; Razaq, Imanuddin; Sunarsih, Ni Luh; Jatmiko, Aris; Permatasari, Anak Agung Ayu Putri; Sari, Ni Kadek Yunita; Widhiantara, I Gede; Sandhika, I Made Gde Sudyadnyana; Rosiana, I Wayan
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol. 28 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 28(3)
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17844/jphpi.v28i3.61627

Seafood provides essential nutrients beneficial for human health; however, it is highly vulnerable to harmful bacterial infections that pose significant public health risks. This research seeks to assess the prevalence of five categories of seafood obtained from various traditional fish markets in Bali Province. A total of 108 tuna samples, 78 pelagic fish samples, 37 cephalopod samples, 14 sardine samples, and 53 demersal fish samples were collected from various traditional markets in Bali Province. This research evaluated the prevalence of E. coli, coliforms, Salmonella, V. cholerae, and V. parahaemolyticus. The study revealed that the highest prevalence of E. coli, coliform, and V. parahaemolyticus contamination in tuna samples was 95 (87%), 95 (87%), and 103 (95%), respectively. The study indicated that E. coli and coliforms were present in 73 of the 78 pelagic fish samples, representing 93% contamination. Sardine samples exhibited the lowest prevalence of bacteria. All seafood samples, however, tested negative for Salmonella and V. cholera. PCR products from E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were effectively amplified for the target genes utilized in this study. Local seafood markets should adopt appropriate handling and storage practices to enhance seafood quality. This study emphasizes the significant presence of E. coli, coliforms, and V. parahaemolyticus in seafood, along with the potential health risks posed by specific strains and their antibiotic resistance.

Intensity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Floating Net Cages in Lake Batur, Bali Yogi, Gusti Ayu Putu Cintya Pratami; Julyantoro, Pande Gde Sasmita; Pebriani, Dewa Ayu Angga; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Aquaculture Department, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v5i2.6321

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most cultivated freshwater fish. The problem that is often faced in fish farming is diseases caused by parasitic attacks (ectoparasites) which can cause a decrease in fish production levels. To overcome these problems, research is needed on the intensity and prevalence of ectoparasites in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to determine the density of ectoparasite attacks and the percentage of ectoparasites in tilapia. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples were taken from the Floating Net Cage (KJA) of Lake Batur, Songan Village, Kedisan and Trunyan. Sampling is carried out by purposive sampling or determining location points. The tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) samples examined were 36 fish samples with a size of 14.7-21 cm tilapia niwana. The ectoparasite found only in the gills of tilapia, namely Dactylogyrus sp. (506 ind) and Gyrodactylus sp. (13 ind). The highest intensity in the genus Dactylogyrus was 14.06 ind/head in the medium category, while in the genus Gyrodactylus it was 1.86 ind/head in the low category. The highest prevalence value in the genus Dactylogyrus is 100% with the always category while for the genus Gyrodactylus is 19.44% with the frequent category. The data supporting water quality in this study includes temperature, pH, and DO. The temperature of lake water in floating net cages during the study ranged from 23oC-28oC, pH or acidity degree ranged from 8.1-9 and DO range from 4.8-5.6 mg/L. The results of the water quality in this study are classified as optimal for tilapia rearing.

The POTENTIAL OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA, ISOLATED FROM SEVERAL SOURCES, TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF Candida albicans ATCC10231 Ramona, Yan; Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede; Dharmawan, Komang; Sudaryatma, Putu Eka; Teriyani, Ni Made; Batho, Yanuarius Felix; Inabuy, Fainmarinat Selviani
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.1868

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS- Lactic acid bacteria have potential to control candidiasis or Candida albicans. - The novelty of this study is to advance the potential of lactic acid bacteria to control candidiasis infection in human, with a view to develop novel LAB-based probiotic candidates with capability to inhibit/prevent infection by C. albicans, the causative agent of candidiasis.ABSTRACTThe main aims of this research were to isolate and identify potential lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inhibitory to Candida albicans. The LAB sources were kimchi, honey and vaginal secrete of healthy women. They were isolated with a view to develop a novel alternative method with reduced use of antifungal agents in the treatment of patients infected by such fungal pathogen. Isolation of the LABs was conducted by applying dilution spread method on de Mann Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRSA) medium supplemented with bromo cresol purple (BCP) indicator. Once purified, they were tested for antagonism against C. albicans in dual culture assays. LAB isolates that showed significant inhibition against the pathogen were identified using 16s rDNA sequences and their sequences were aligned with those of known sequences deposited at the Gene Bank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The results showed that 46 among more than 100 LABs isolated in this study significantly inhibited the growth of C. albicans in the in vitro dual culture assays, and all showed resistance property to antifungal agent (fluconazole). This indicated that they all have potential to be synergically applied with reduced use of fluconazole in the therapy. The most potential isolates (10 isolates) were closely related to three LAB species, namely Lactobacillus paracasei, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Pediococcus pentosaceus, based on their 16s rDNA sequence similarities with those deposited in the GenBank.

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