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Development of a Novel Support Modification for Efficient Lipase Immobilization: Preparation, Characterization, and Application for Bio-flavor Production Moentamaria, Dwina; Irfin, Zakijah; Chumaidi, Achmad; Widjaja, Arief; Widjaja, Tri; Muharja, Maktum; Darmayanti, Rizki Fitria
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2024: BCREC Volume 19 Issue 2 Year 2024 (August 2024)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20130

Abstract

The low cost and excellent catalytic properties of lipase for industrial processes are highly desirable. A promising new approach involves the support modification of lipase and spacer arm, which enables the enhancement of lipase properties. This study investigates the immobilization of crude lipase from Mucor miehei onto a Polyurethane Foam (PUF) surface using various coating techniques. The PUF matrix was obtained through isocyanate and polyol reactions. Subsequently, the PUF was coated by adsorbing lipase and adding edible support material. The immobilized lipase was then utilized in the hydrolysis of coconut oil to produce fatty acids. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme was employed in the esterification of fatty acids to produce bio-flavors. The results demonstrate that the attachment reaction using support material, namely lecithin, gelatin, MgCl2, and Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), all of which are simple and edible, was able to enhance the stability and reusability of lipase. This immobilization technique increased triglyceride hydrolysis into FFA by 422%. The successful edible support modification of immobilized lipase from M. miehei on PUF, coupled with significantly enhanced enzyme stability and catalytic activity, offers a promising, environmentally friendly solution for diverse applications in the food industry. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PRETREATMENT, HIDROLISIS, DAN FERMENTASI TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH PADAT AREN Dennis Farina Nury; Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi; Tri Widjaja
JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/jip.v13i2.28466

Abstract

Keterbatasan sumber daya berbasis fosil mendorong pencarian bahan bakar alternatif yang lebih berkelanjutan, salah satunya bioetanol dari limbah biomassa. Limbah padat aren, hasil samping dari ekstraksi nira, memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan baku bioetanol meskipun kandungan ligninnya yang tinggi menghambat proses hidrolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh kombinasi pretreatment, hidrolisis, dan fermentasi terhadap produksi bioetanol. Pretreatment menggunakan kombinasi asam sulfat (H₂SO₄) 5% dan organosolv dengan etanol dilakukan untuk meningkatkan delignifikasi. Pada hidrolisis, enzim selulase Trichoderma reesei dan xilanase digunakan untuk mengubah hemiselulosa dan selulosa menjadi gula reduksi. Dalam proses fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan S. cerevisiae - Pichia stipitis digunakan untuk mengubah gula menjadi bioetanol. Hasil menunjukkan delignifikasi tertinggi dicapai pada pretreatment H₂SO₄ 5% dan organosolv selama 60 menit. Yield bioetanol tertinggi (0,26%) diperoleh dengan kombinasi S. cerevisiae dan P. stipitis selama fermentasi 72 jam. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi proses pretreatment dan hidrolisis secara efektif dapat digunakan untuk mengkonversi limbah padat aren menjadi bioetanol.
Produksi Biogas dari Jerami Padi Menggunakan Cairan Rumen dan Kotoran Sapi Anwar, Hasrul; Widjaja, Tri; Prajitno, Danawati Hari
CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Madiun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25273/cheesa.v4i1.7406.1-10

Abstract

Jerami padi adalah salah satu limbah pertanian yang melimpah di Indonesia yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber lignoselulosa untuk produksi biogas. Salah satu metode untuk meningkatkan produksi biogas adalah dengan menambahkan cairan rumen dan kotoran sapi. Penelitian ini membandingkan produksi biogas pada cairan rumen sapi (JP-R) dan campuran cairan rumen dan kotoran sapi (JP-RKS). Percobaan ini dilakukan dalam reaktor batch anaerob selama 30 hari dengan volume kerja 3,6 L pada suhu mesofilik. Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini seperti asam lemak volatil (VFA), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total padatan (TS), volatil padatan (VS), dan komposisi biogas. COD JP-R dan JP-RKS masing-masing adalah 54,21 % dan 49,44%. Yield metana untuk JP-R dan JP-RKS masing-masing adalah 0,48 Nm3/kgCODremoval dan 0,015 Nm3/kgCODremoval. Komposisi biogas pada JP-R  adalah 47,97% CH4, 7% CO2 dan 0,44% H2, sedangkan pada JP-RKS komposisi biogas adalah 23,34% CH4, 10,06% CO2, dan 0,39% H2.
Determination Of Priority Strategies In Energy And Environmental Policies For The Heavy Equipment Industry Through The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Techno Economic Analiysis (TEA) Approach Kurniawan, Agung Dwi; Widjaja, Tri
ILTEK : Jurnal Teknologi Vol. 20 No. 02 (2025): ILTEK : Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Islam Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47398/iltek.v20i02.233

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan meningkatkan bauran energi terbarukan pada PT.Xyz menggunakan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel (B35) adalah solusi terbaik karena memenuhi tiga aspek utama: teknologi, lingkungan, dan ekonomi. Dari perspektif teknologi, biodiesel dapat langsung digunakan pada mesin yang ada tanpa investasi tambahan. Dari perspektif lingkungan, biodiesel dapat mengurangi emisi karbon hingga 30% dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar fosil. Analisis TEA menunjukkan manfaat finansial yang signifikan dengan NPV tertinggi di Banjarmasin (Rp 490,64 miliar), Balikpapan (Rp 456,80 miliar), dan Pekanbaru (Rp 164,62 miliar), serta IRR yang tinggi. Dengan demikian, biodiesel menjadi solusi optimal untuk mendukung target keberlanjutan UT hingga tahun 2030.
Enhancing Monomeric Sugar Production from Coconut Husk by FeCl3-assisted Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Wijaya, Candra; Sangadji, Ningsi Lick; Muharja, Maktum; Widjaja, Tri; Riadi, Lieke; Widjaja, Arief
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20444

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH), an abundant agricultural byproduct of the coconut processing industry, holds significant potential as a renewable feedstock for monomeric sugar production. However, efficient fractionation remains a challenge due to its recalcitrant lignocellulosic structure. This study investigates FeCl₃-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) as a selective and scalable approach to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and sugar recovery. The effects of FeCl₃ concentrations, temperatures, and unified of pretreatment conditions as combined hydrolysis factor (CHF) on biomass fractionation, modeling xylan dissolution, and monomeric sugar production were evaluated. Results indicate that 0.06 M FeCl₃ at 150 °C achieved the highest total monomeric sugar concentration of 7.364 g/L, an 11-fold increase compared to the non-catalyzed control (0.667 g/L) during HTP. This condition also facilitated 81.2% hemicellulose removal while minimizing cellulose and lignin degradation, thereby improving enzymatic digestibility. Furthermore, xylan hydrolysis also successfully developed with high correlation with unified CHF parameter. FeCl₃-assisted HTP CCH coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis further enhanced overall sugar recovery, with a total monomeric sugar yield of 18.4 g per 100 g raw CCH, representing a 4.4-fold increase compared to hydrothermally pretreated CCH without FeCl₃. These findings highlight FeCl₃-assisted HTP as a promising, cost-effective strategy for biomass fractionation, supporting its integration into lignocellulosic biorefineries for bio-based product development. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Sustainable Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals from Glucomannan-Based Bacterial Cellulose Widjaja, Tri; Nurkhamidah, Siti; Ni’mah, Hikmatun; Wardhono, Endarto Yudo; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Tirta, Anggi; Nailah, Rossesari; Sari, Citra Yulia
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99360

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC), derived from glucose fermentation, is a renewable material known for its abundant availability, quick production, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly characteristics. This study focuses on converting BC into BC nanocrystals (BCNC) via fermentation, hydrolysis using acid solutions, and ultrasonication. Glucomannan flour with concentrations of 50, 60, and 90% was fermented using Acetobacter xylinum for 10 days at pH 5 to produce BC. The BC was then hydrolyzed with HCl solutions at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 M concentrations, followed by sonication. The 90% glucomannan flour yielded the highest BC amount (22.61 g). BCNC hydrolyzed with 1 M HCl exhibited the highest crystallinity (86%) and an elongated rod-like morphology. In contrast, hydrolysis with 4 and 5 M HCl caused carbonization, reducing crystallinity to below 30%. Particle size analysis showed the largest particle size for BCNC-2 (549.4 nm) and the smallest for BCNC-5 (207.2 nm). This research highlights the potential of glucomannan as a resource to produce BCNC for sustainable materials for various applications.
Pengaruh Pre-Treatment Kimia dan Biologi Terhadap Produksi Biogas dari Kulit Kopi Nury , Dennis Farina; Luthfi, Muhammad Zulfikar; Farohi , Ahmad Rifqiyan; Widjaja, Tri
REACTOR: Journal of Research on Chemistry and Engineering Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52759/reactor.v4i2.99

Abstract

Coffee, as a major commodity in Indonesia, produces a huge number of byproducts and residues during the processing process. Coffee wastes and byproducts produced during coffee berry processing are a major source of contamination and represent significant environmental challenges in the coffee production process. One promising alternative in utilizing coffee wastes is converting into energy source i.e, of biogas from coffee pulp. Coffee pulp has toxic components that act as a methane inhibitor; these type of biomass have a problem with the lignin degradation process, which binds cellulose and hemicellulose. The use of cow's rumen fluid for methane production from coffee pulp is still rare, particularly for rumen fluid. Chemical pretreatment was carried out using alkali-peroxide followed by rumen fluid pretreatment. The performance of biogas produced from coffee pulp (with and without pretreatment) using rumen fluid as an inoculum has been investigated. Biogas was produced in a semi-batch reactor with a working volume of 2 liters for 30 days. Removal lignin, SS, VFA, and biogas yield were measured. This study aims to determine the biogas production from coffee pulp using variation HRT 20 and 30 days. It can be concluded that chemical pretreatment of NaOH - H2O2 combination can reduce lignin up to 75.02%. The volume of biogas produced increased with chemical pretreatment and rumen fluid as compared to the substrate with only rumen pretreatment According to Gas Chromatography analysis, the methane gas obtained from chemical pretreatment and rumen with HRT 30 days is 47.93%, while the methane obtained from rumen pretreatment with HRT 30 days is 34.28%.
Synthesis of Poly Lactic Acid from Lactic Acid Using Direct Polycondensation Method Using Al(DS)3 and AlCl3 Catalysts Aziz, Ahmad Musonnifin; Widjaja, Tri; Ni’mah, Hikmatun
Journal of Research and Technology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): JRT Volume 10 No 1 Juni 2024
Publisher : 2477 - 6165

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55732/jrt.v10i1.1163

Abstract

Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) is a type of polymer that is widely researched because it can meet the requirements for biodegradable polymers and can be used in several of applications. Making PLA using the direct polycondensation method is carried out in 3 process stages, namely dehydration, polycondensation and recrystallization. Dehydration was carried out at 130℃ for 1 hour. Polycondensation was carried out at varying temperatures of 160℃, 180℃ and 200℃ with a concentration of 0.15% for 6 hours. In the meantime, 50 ml of methanol was added, and vacuum conditions were used to carry out the recrystallization process. After that, the viscosity method was used to determine PLA's molecular weight. The highest molecular weight and other properties of PLA, such as its functional groups and thermal behavior, are the aim of this study. The findings of the study indicate that PLA has its maximum molecular weight at 180°C, where it is 15576 gr/mol for PLA+Al(DS)3 and 10771 gr/mol for PLA+AlCl3. The PLA+Al(DS)3 and PLA+AlCl3 spectra display the same bands in the stretching and bending vibration modes, according to the FTIR test. Meanwhile, in the TGA analysis, the highest decomposition was shown by PLA+Al(DS)3 at a temperature of 365℃.
Integrasi Software Simulasi Dalam Proses Bisnis Hulu Minyak Untuk Optimasi Aset Perpipaan Putra, Mario Frana; Widjaja, Tri
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i6.59941

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the integration of the PIPELINE SIMULATOR software into the decision-making process for pipeline asset development. The methods applied include multi-criteria analysis using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the best development scenario alternatives, Business Model Canvas (BMC) analysis to assess the strategic impact of simulation software on business processes, and economic analysis to evaluate the financial feasibility of the proposed scenarios. Three technical design alternatives are analyzed through simulation: constructing a new pipeline, optimizing existing pipelines by shutting down older wells, and reinforcing existing pipelines using pipe sleeving. Evaluations are based on five key criteria: cost, safety, reliability, maintainability, and environmental impact. The simulation results indicate that each alternative presents distinct advantages. The scenario involving the addition of a new pipeline offers the most balanced performance in terms of technical reliability, operational sustainability, and investment support. The well decommissioning scenario demonstrates cost efficiency, while the pipe sleeving approach is constrained by technical limitations and greater operational risks. The integration of simulation software also delivers strategic value to business processes by improving technical planning efficiency, strengthening cross-functional collaboration, and supporting digital transformation. Therefore, the implementation of PIPELINE SIMULATOR is recommended as part of the standard procedure in pipeline development project submissions within upstream oil and gas companies.
Implementation of Latest Technology in Oil and Gas Industry Business Processes: Case Study of Production Processes in Upstream Oil and Gas with Zero Flaring Technology Ardani, Muhammad; Widjaja, Tri
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi Vol. 5 No. 12 (2024): Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jist.v5i12.8862

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate and implement the latest technology in reducing flare gas (Flare Gas Recovery) in the upstream oil and gas industry. Flare gases, which are often burned and released into the atmosphere, are a significant source of emissions and a contributor to warming. The results of the SWOT and AHP analysis show that the technology of converting flare gas into electrical energy has advantages compared to other technologies. From an economic perspective, calculations show that this project is very feasible to implement, with an NPV value of IDR 48.82 billion, an IRR of 23.03%, a BCR of 1.14, and a payback period of only 4.27 years. The LCC of IDR 400.37 billion and the CoE of IDR 285.98/kWh indicate that this project can keep energy production costs at a competitive and sustainable level. This study concludes that Flare Gas Recovery to Electricity technology is the optimal solution to support zero flaring initiatives and make a real contribution to reducing flare gas emissions, as well as providing high added value in terms of economy and environment.