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All Journal Jurnal Teknik ITS Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Jurnal Teknik Kimia JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Journal of Research and Technology Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia REACTOR : Journal of Research On Chemistry And Engineering Sewagati ILTEK : Jurnal Teknologi International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Tri Widjaja
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Other

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PENGARUH KOMBINASI PRETREATMENT, HIDROLISIS, DAN FERMENTASI TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH PADAT AREN Dennis Farina Nury; Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi; Tri Widjaja
JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/jip.v13i2.28466

Abstract

Keterbatasan sumber daya berbasis fosil mendorong pencarian bahan bakar alternatif yang lebih berkelanjutan, salah satunya bioetanol dari limbah biomassa. Limbah padat aren, hasil samping dari ekstraksi nira, memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan baku bioetanol meskipun kandungan ligninnya yang tinggi menghambat proses hidrolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh kombinasi pretreatment, hidrolisis, dan fermentasi terhadap produksi bioetanol. Pretreatment menggunakan kombinasi asam sulfat (H₂SO₄) 5% dan organosolv dengan etanol dilakukan untuk meningkatkan delignifikasi. Pada hidrolisis, enzim selulase Trichoderma reesei dan xilanase digunakan untuk mengubah hemiselulosa dan selulosa menjadi gula reduksi. Dalam proses fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan S. cerevisiae - Pichia stipitis digunakan untuk mengubah gula menjadi bioetanol. Hasil menunjukkan delignifikasi tertinggi dicapai pada pretreatment H₂SO₄ 5% dan organosolv selama 60 menit. Yield bioetanol tertinggi (0,26%) diperoleh dengan kombinasi S. cerevisiae dan P. stipitis selama fermentasi 72 jam. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi proses pretreatment dan hidrolisis secara efektif dapat digunakan untuk mengkonversi limbah padat aren menjadi bioetanol.
Produksi Biogas dari Jerami Padi Menggunakan Cairan Rumen dan Kotoran Sapi Anwar, Hasrul; Widjaja, Tri; Prajitno, Danawati Hari
CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Madiun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25273/cheesa.v4i1.7406.1-10

Abstract

Jerami padi adalah salah satu limbah pertanian yang melimpah di Indonesia yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber lignoselulosa untuk produksi biogas. Salah satu metode untuk meningkatkan produksi biogas adalah dengan menambahkan cairan rumen dan kotoran sapi. Penelitian ini membandingkan produksi biogas pada cairan rumen sapi (JP-R) dan campuran cairan rumen dan kotoran sapi (JP-RKS). Percobaan ini dilakukan dalam reaktor batch anaerob selama 30 hari dengan volume kerja 3,6 L pada suhu mesofilik. Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini seperti asam lemak volatil (VFA), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total padatan (TS), volatil padatan (VS), dan komposisi biogas. COD JP-R dan JP-RKS masing-masing adalah 54,21 % dan 49,44%. Yield metana untuk JP-R dan JP-RKS masing-masing adalah 0,48 Nm3/kgCODremoval dan 0,015 Nm3/kgCODremoval. Komposisi biogas pada JP-R  adalah 47,97% CH4, 7% CO2 dan 0,44% H2, sedangkan pada JP-RKS komposisi biogas adalah 23,34% CH4, 10,06% CO2, dan 0,39% H2.
Determination Of Priority Strategies In Energy And Environmental Policies For The Heavy Equipment Industry Through The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Techno Economic Analiysis (TEA) Approach Kurniawan, Agung Dwi; Widjaja, Tri
ILTEK : Jurnal Teknologi Vol. 20 No. 02 (2025): ILTEK : Jurnal Teknologi
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Islam Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47398/iltek.v20i02.233

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan meningkatkan bauran energi terbarukan pada PT.Xyz menggunakan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel (B35) adalah solusi terbaik karena memenuhi tiga aspek utama: teknologi, lingkungan, dan ekonomi. Dari perspektif teknologi, biodiesel dapat langsung digunakan pada mesin yang ada tanpa investasi tambahan. Dari perspektif lingkungan, biodiesel dapat mengurangi emisi karbon hingga 30% dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar fosil. Analisis TEA menunjukkan manfaat finansial yang signifikan dengan NPV tertinggi di Banjarmasin (Rp 490,64 miliar), Balikpapan (Rp 456,80 miliar), dan Pekanbaru (Rp 164,62 miliar), serta IRR yang tinggi. Dengan demikian, biodiesel menjadi solusi optimal untuk mendukung target keberlanjutan UT hingga tahun 2030.
Enhancing Monomeric Sugar Production from Coconut Husk by FeCl3-assisted Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Wijaya, Candra; Sangadji, Ningsi Lick; Muharja, Maktum; Widjaja, Tri; Riadi, Lieke; Widjaja, Arief
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 3 Year 2025 (October 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20444

Abstract

Coconut husk (CCH), an abundant agricultural byproduct of the coconut processing industry, holds significant potential as a renewable feedstock for monomeric sugar production. However, efficient fractionation remains a challenge due to its recalcitrant lignocellulosic structure. This study investigates FeCl₃-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) as a selective and scalable approach to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and sugar recovery. The effects of FeCl₃ concentrations, temperatures, and unified of pretreatment conditions as combined hydrolysis factor (CHF) on biomass fractionation, modeling xylan dissolution, and monomeric sugar production were evaluated. Results indicate that 0.06 M FeCl₃ at 150 °C achieved the highest total monomeric sugar concentration of 7.364 g/L, an 11-fold increase compared to the non-catalyzed control (0.667 g/L) during HTP. This condition also facilitated 81.2% hemicellulose removal while minimizing cellulose and lignin degradation, thereby improving enzymatic digestibility. Furthermore, xylan hydrolysis also successfully developed with high correlation with unified CHF parameter. FeCl₃-assisted HTP CCH coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis further enhanced overall sugar recovery, with a total monomeric sugar yield of 18.4 g per 100 g raw CCH, representing a 4.4-fold increase compared to hydrothermally pretreated CCH without FeCl₃. These findings highlight FeCl₃-assisted HTP as a promising, cost-effective strategy for biomass fractionation, supporting its integration into lignocellulosic biorefineries for bio-based product development. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Sustainable Synthesis of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals from Glucomannan-Based Bacterial Cellulose Widjaja, Tri; Nurkhamidah, Siti; Ni’mah, Hikmatun; Wardhono, Endarto Yudo; Rohmah, Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah; Tirta, Anggi; Nailah, Rossesari; Sari, Citra Yulia
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99360

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC), derived from glucose fermentation, is a renewable material known for its abundant availability, quick production, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly characteristics. This study focuses on converting BC into BC nanocrystals (BCNC) via fermentation, hydrolysis using acid solutions, and ultrasonication. Glucomannan flour with concentrations of 50, 60, and 90% was fermented using Acetobacter xylinum for 10 days at pH 5 to produce BC. The BC was then hydrolyzed with HCl solutions at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 M concentrations, followed by sonication. The 90% glucomannan flour yielded the highest BC amount (22.61 g). BCNC hydrolyzed with 1 M HCl exhibited the highest crystallinity (86%) and an elongated rod-like morphology. In contrast, hydrolysis with 4 and 5 M HCl caused carbonization, reducing crystallinity to below 30%. Particle size analysis showed the largest particle size for BCNC-2 (549.4 nm) and the smallest for BCNC-5 (207.2 nm). This research highlights the potential of glucomannan as a resource to produce BCNC for sustainable materials for various applications.
Pengaruh Pre-Treatment Kimia dan Biologi Terhadap Produksi Biogas dari Kulit Kopi Nury , Dennis Farina; Luthfi, Muhammad Zulfikar; Farohi , Ahmad Rifqiyan; Widjaja, Tri
REACTOR: Journal of Research on Chemistry and Engineering Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52759/reactor.v4i2.99

Abstract

Coffee, as a major commodity in Indonesia, produces a huge number of byproducts and residues during the processing process. Coffee wastes and byproducts produced during coffee berry processing are a major source of contamination and represent significant environmental challenges in the coffee production process. One promising alternative in utilizing coffee wastes is converting into energy source i.e, of biogas from coffee pulp. Coffee pulp has toxic components that act as a methane inhibitor; these type of biomass have a problem with the lignin degradation process, which binds cellulose and hemicellulose. The use of cow's rumen fluid for methane production from coffee pulp is still rare, particularly for rumen fluid. Chemical pretreatment was carried out using alkali-peroxide followed by rumen fluid pretreatment. The performance of biogas produced from coffee pulp (with and without pretreatment) using rumen fluid as an inoculum has been investigated. Biogas was produced in a semi-batch reactor with a working volume of 2 liters for 30 days. Removal lignin, SS, VFA, and biogas yield were measured. This study aims to determine the biogas production from coffee pulp using variation HRT 20 and 30 days. It can be concluded that chemical pretreatment of NaOH - H2O2 combination can reduce lignin up to 75.02%. The volume of biogas produced increased with chemical pretreatment and rumen fluid as compared to the substrate with only rumen pretreatment According to Gas Chromatography analysis, the methane gas obtained from chemical pretreatment and rumen with HRT 30 days is 47.93%, while the methane obtained from rumen pretreatment with HRT 30 days is 34.28%.
Synthesis of Poly Lactic Acid from Lactic Acid Using Direct Polycondensation Method Using Al(DS)3 and AlCl3 Catalysts Aziz, Ahmad Musonnifin; Widjaja, Tri; Ni’mah, Hikmatun
Journal of Research and Technology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): JRT Volume 10 No 1 Juni 2024
Publisher : 2477 - 6165

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55732/jrt.v10i1.1163

Abstract

Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) is a type of polymer that is widely researched because it can meet the requirements for biodegradable polymers and can be used in several of applications. Making PLA using the direct polycondensation method is carried out in 3 process stages, namely dehydration, polycondensation and recrystallization. Dehydration was carried out at 130℃ for 1 hour. Polycondensation was carried out at varying temperatures of 160℃, 180℃ and 200℃ with a concentration of 0.15% for 6 hours. In the meantime, 50 ml of methanol was added, and vacuum conditions were used to carry out the recrystallization process. After that, the viscosity method was used to determine PLA's molecular weight. The highest molecular weight and other properties of PLA, such as its functional groups and thermal behavior, are the aim of this study. The findings of the study indicate that PLA has its maximum molecular weight at 180°C, where it is 15576 gr/mol for PLA+Al(DS)3 and 10771 gr/mol for PLA+AlCl3. The PLA+Al(DS)3 and PLA+AlCl3 spectra display the same bands in the stretching and bending vibration modes, according to the FTIR test. Meanwhile, in the TGA analysis, the highest decomposition was shown by PLA+Al(DS)3 at a temperature of 365℃.
Integrasi Software Simulasi Dalam Proses Bisnis Hulu Minyak Untuk Optimasi Aset Perpipaan Putra, Mario Frana; Widjaja, Tri
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i6.59941

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the integration of the PIPELINE SIMULATOR software into the decision-making process for pipeline asset development. The methods applied include multi-criteria analysis using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the best development scenario alternatives, Business Model Canvas (BMC) analysis to assess the strategic impact of simulation software on business processes, and economic analysis to evaluate the financial feasibility of the proposed scenarios. Three technical design alternatives are analyzed through simulation: constructing a new pipeline, optimizing existing pipelines by shutting down older wells, and reinforcing existing pipelines using pipe sleeving. Evaluations are based on five key criteria: cost, safety, reliability, maintainability, and environmental impact. The simulation results indicate that each alternative presents distinct advantages. The scenario involving the addition of a new pipeline offers the most balanced performance in terms of technical reliability, operational sustainability, and investment support. The well decommissioning scenario demonstrates cost efficiency, while the pipe sleeving approach is constrained by technical limitations and greater operational risks. The integration of simulation software also delivers strategic value to business processes by improving technical planning efficiency, strengthening cross-functional collaboration, and supporting digital transformation. Therefore, the implementation of PIPELINE SIMULATOR is recommended as part of the standard procedure in pipeline development project submissions within upstream oil and gas companies.
Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility and Lignin Production of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) by Green Deep Eutectic Solvent Wijaya, Candra; Pertiwi, Urania Noor Lintang; Apol, Tabina Raissa; Rohmah, Ika Putri Nikmatur; Muharja, Maktum; Widjaja, Tri; Riadi, Lieke; Widjaja, Arief
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20526

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant lignocellulosic residue whose high lignin content restricts its bioconversion into sugars and value-added products. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly choline chloride–lactic acid, offer a green and tunable platform for selective delignification and biomass fractionation. This study investigates the effects of ChCl:LA (1:2) DES pretreatment under varying temperatures (100–140 °C) and reaction times (3-6 h) on the chemical composition, structural modification, delignification kinetics, and enzymatic digestibility of OPEFB. A modified combined delignification factor (CDF) was developed to unify temperature, time, and DES acidity into a single severity descriptor. Delignification followed a biphasic pattern successfully captured by the CDF-based kinetic model (R² = 0.9961), with activation energy of 63.5 kJ.mol⁻¹. Increasing pretreatment severity enhanced hemicellulose and lignin removal (up to 95.5% and 84.4%), while cellulose remained largely preserved. SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses confirmed progressive disruption of the lignin–carbohydrate matrix, increased cellulose exposure, and removal of amorphous domains. As a result, enzymatic hydrolysis yield improved by more than twofold relative to untreated biomass, reaching 75.5% at 140 °C for 6 h. Mass-balance evaluation demonstrated that from 100 g OPEFB, DES pretreatment yielded 21.6 g glucose and 24.7 g recoverable lignin under optimal conditions. Compared to other pretreatment strategies, the ChCl:LA DES system achieved a balanced co-production of sugars and lignin in significantly shorter processing time. Overall, this work provides mechanistic, kinetic, and mass-balance insights into DES-assisted fractionation of OPEFB and highlights its potential in integrated multiproduct biorefineries. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Characterization of zirconia sulfate catalyst for sustainable aviation fuel from waste cooking oil Widasgantri, Treisnaning; Widjaja, Tri; Dahnum, Deliana; Altway, Ali; Lamhotmatua, Thasya; Antonius, Kevin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62076

Abstract

The growing accumulation of waste cooking oil (WCO) in Indonesia presents serious environmental concerns while offering potential as a renewable feedstock for sustainable aviation fuel. This study evaluates the conversion of WCO into bio-jet fuel via pyrolytic catalytic cracking (PCC) using cobalt-dispersed sulfated zirconia (Co/ZrO₂–SO₄, Co/SZ) catalysts under atmospheric pressure. Sulfated zirconia was synthesized hydrothermally and impregnated with 1, 3, and 5 wt% cobalt. Catalyst characterization by FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM–EDX confirmed successful cobalt dispersion, preservation of the monoclinic ZrO₂ phase, and increasing surface area with higher cobalt loading (83.93 to 111.19 m² g⁻¹). Catalytic performance was tested in a fixed-bed reactor at 400, 430, and 460 °C with a feed-to-catalyst ratio of 100:1. GC–MS analysis revealed that both temperature and cobalt loading significantly influenced selectivity toward the jet fuel fraction (C₁₂–C₁₆). The highest bio-jet fuel selectivity (68.63%) and yield (57.46 wt%) were obtained using 5 wt% Co/SZ at 400°C. At 430 °C, excessive secondary cracking reduced selectivity to 27.78% for 3 wt% Co/SZ, with gasoline-range products reaching 62.70%. Increasing the temperature to 460 °C partially restored jet-range selectivity to 62.67% for 5 wt% Co/SZ due to enhanced isomerization and aromatization reactions. Reusability tests indicated gradual catalyst deactivation caused by coke deposition and loss of acid sites. These results demonstrate that the synergistic interaction between sulfated zirconia acidity and cobalt’s deoxygenation functionality enables efficient WCO conversion into bio-jet fuel, highlighting Co/SZ as a promising catalyst for sustainable aviation fuel production.
Co-Authors Achmad Chumaidi, Achmad Adesya Abdullah Adi Soeprijanto Agung Dwi Kurniawan, Agung Dwi Ahmad Rifqiyan Farohi Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah Ali Altway Amirotus S, Farah Aniendia Candra Suminta Antonius, Kevin Anwar, Hasrul Anwar, Hazrul Aparamarta, Hakun Wirawasista Apol, Tabina Raissa Arfan Fahmi Arman Hakim Nasution Aziz, Ahmad Musonnifin Bayu Biru Chandra Bayu Yusuf Eka Saputra Candra Wijaya, Candra Dahnum, Deliana Danawati Hari Prajitno Dennis Farina Nury Dwina Moentamaria Fadhil Kusuma Atmadja Farohi , Ahmad Rifqiyan Filan Setiawan Firda Atikah Rosyadi Fredy Kurniawan Ira Dwitasari Irfin, Zakijah Jerry Dwi Trijoyo Purnomo Kurnia Putri Prasavitri Lamhotmatua, Thasya Lieke Riadi Lindu Sunarko M. Rachimoellah Muhammad Fakhrizal Fahmi Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi Muharja, Maktum Nailah, Rossesari Ni’mah, Hikmatun Noviyanto Noviyanto, Noviyanto Nurul Rahmawati Nury , Dennis Farina Pertiwi, Urania Noor Lintang Prahardika Prihananto Prahardika Prihananto Putra, Mario Frana Rahmatunnisa Nur Salikha Rana Rahdiana Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Rohmah, Ika Putri Nikmatur Rona Bening Larasati Sangadji, Ningsi Lick Sari, Citra Yulia Setiyo Gunawan Siti Nurkhamidah Siti Zullaikah Sjarief Widjaja Sumarno Sumarno Tirta, Anggi Trisna Kumala Dhaniswara Uli A, Veny Wardhono, Endarto Yudo Widasgantri, Treisnaning Wirantia Hanan Febrilla Yulia T. Rakhadima Yuliana Setyowati Yumarta Tansil Yusfa Anugrah Baihaki Yuyun Belina