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Adithya Yudistira
Department Of Pharmacy, Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia. 95115
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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SPONS Stylissa sp. DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) Sibarani, Samuel I.M.; Yudistira, Adithya; Mpila, Deby A.
PHARMACON Vol 9, No 3 (2020): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.9.2020.30027

Abstract

ABSTRACTHabitat of sponge Stylissa sp., were under the sea and these sponges contain active compounds, which are more active than the compounds produced by terrestrial plants. Antioxidants are inhibitors of oxidation reactions due to the free radicals, which can cause weak damage to unsaturated cells, cell wall membranes, blood vessels, DNA bases, and lipid tissue, that causing disease. The study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts  of sponge Stylissa sp., which is located on the Bangka Island, Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency. Sponge Stylissa sp., was extracted by maceration with using ethanol. Testing of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed that ethanol extracts of sponge Stylissa sp., has antioxidant activity in each concentration and the highest at a concentration of 100 mg / L. The conclusion is a ethanol extract of sponge Stylissa sp. have high antioxidant activity with a concentration of 25 mg/L (77,40%), concentration of 50 mg/L (85,63%), concentration of 75 mg/L (88,66%), and concentration 100 mg/L (88,96%). Key words: Stylissa sp. Sponge, Antioxidant, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) ABSTRAKHabitat dari spons Stylissa sp. terdapat di bawah laut dan spons ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang persentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Antioksidan adalah zat penghambat reaksi oksidasi akibat radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lemah tak jenuh, membran dinding sel, pembuluh darah, basa DNA, dan jaringan lipid sehingga menimbulkan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol biota laut spons Stylissa sp. yang terdapat di pulau Bangka, Kecamatan Likupang, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Spons Stylissa sp. ini diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ini dilakukan dengan metode DPPH yang diukur dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol spons Stylissa sp. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi dan yang tertinggi pada konsentrasi 100 mg/L. Kesimpulan yang didapat bahwa ekstrak etanol spons Stylissa sp. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dengan konsentrasi 25 mg/L (77,40%), konsentrasi 50 mg/L (85,63%), konsentrasi 75 mg/L (88,66%), dan konsentrasi 100 mg/L (88,96%). Kata Kunci : Spons Stylissa sp., Antioksidan, DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)
EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS Aplysina sp. DIPESISIR PANTAI LEMBEH KOTA BITUNG Hendra, Hendra; Yudistira, Adithya; Sumantri, Surya
PHARMACON Vol 9, No 3 (2020): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.9.2020.30032

Abstract

ABSTRACT Aplysina sp., is one of the marine biota, which forms the coral reefs that contain active compounds, whose percentage of activity is greater than the compounds produced by terrestrial plants. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of the sponge Aplysina sp. Sponge sample Aplysina sp., obtained from the waters of the Lembeh Strait, Bitung. This research is an experimental laboratory by testing the ethanol extract of sponge Aplysina sp., with the DPPH method [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil] to analyze antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The results of this study showed that the ethanolic extract of the sponge Aplysina sp. Lembeh straits waters have antioxidant activity in each concentration test. The highest concentration has an antidote to free radical activity by reaching a percentage of 24,83%. Keywords : Aplysina sp., Antioxidants, Ethanol, DPPH ABSTRAK Spons Aplysina sp. merupakan salah satu biota laut penyusun terumbu karang yang mengandung senyawa aktif yang presentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari spons Aplysina sp. Sampel spons Aplysina sp. di peroleh dari perairan Selat Lembeh, Bitung. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ektrak etanol spons Aplysina sp.dengan metode DPPH [1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil] untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan sprektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan ekstrak etanol spons Aplysina sp.di perairan selat lembeh mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi pengujiannya. Konsetrasi tertinggi memliki aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas dengan mencapai presentase 24,83%. Kata kunci :Aplysina sp., Antioksidan, Etanol, DPPH
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) Saleh, Lisa Purnawati; Suryanto, Edi; Yudistira, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.465

Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the potential antioxidant phytochemicalextracts corn cob (Zea mays L.). Corn cobs extracted using maceration method for 1x24 hours.Determination of phytochemical content is done by calculating the total phenolic. Testingantioxidant activity using free-radical scavengers DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil). Results ofthis research showed that the extract of corn cobs have total phenolic. Extract 60% corn cobs haveprophylactic activity of free radicals, followed by extract 40, 80 and 20%. Conclusion of thisresearch is corn cob extracts have potential as antioxidants phytochemicals.Keywords : corn cob, antioxidant, phenolic, DPPH
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT (LETHAL DOSE50) EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GEDI MERAH (Abelmoschus manihot L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus L.) Assagaf, Fadhila; Wullur, Adeanne; Yudistira, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 1 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.882

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the acute toxicity Lethal Dose50 of red aibika (Abelmoschus Manihot L.) leaves extract against white males rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) wistar strain. The method used was controlled group post-test only design. Subject were white male white rats with a total of 20 and divided into 5 groups: namely group 1 as a positive control, group 2 was treated 40% red aibeka leaf extract, g, group 3 was treated 60% red aibeka leaf extract, , group 4 was treated 80% red aibeka leaf extract, and , group 5 was treated 100% red aibeka leaf extract,. Data was recorded when there was a death in rats after a given treatment. LD50 calculation formula according to Thomson and Weil Method to calculate the LD50 value of red aibeka leaf extract. The results showed that mortality in the entire group 4 and 5 of tested animal occurred after treatment with LD50 values of 6,25 g/KgBB. It can be concluded that the leaf extracts of red aibika slightly toxic to the male white rat wistar strain. Keywords: Abelmoschus Manihot L., Red aibika, Acute Toxicity Test, Lethal Dose 50 (LD50).
IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENETAPAN KADAR ASAM BENZOAT PADA KECAP ASIN YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA MANADO Sumarauw, Windy; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Yudistira, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 1 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.881

Abstract

ABSTRACT   The salty ketchup is one of the food additives commonly added to food. The purpose of this study was to identily and determine levels of use of benzoic acid compound as a preservative in salty ketchup turn in Manado. The samples used were four different ketchup brands produced locally in Manado. Sample identification is done by extracting the sample using diethyl ether solvent. Ether was evaporated to obtain dried ketchup extract. The extracted residue was reacted with 5 % FeCl3 resulting in brown precipitate which proves that it contains benzoic acid. Determination of the preservative (benzoic acid) was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that four samples of ketchup used benzoic acid as a preservative. Using preservative not weather threshold set out in Decree PERMENKES RI No 722/MenKes/Per/IX/88.   Keywords : benzoate, ketchup, Manado, UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN KARANG LUNAK (Nepthea sp.) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) Langi, Priski; Yudistira, Adithya; Mansauda, Karlah L.R
PHARMACON Vol 9, No 3 (2020): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.9.2020.30028

Abstract

ABSTRACTSoft corals (Nepthea sp.) are soft corals that have the ability to be antibacterial and anticancer. These chemical compounds are the result of secondary metabolites of living organisms that are often known as natural products, which are generally in the form of terpenoids. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of Nepthea sp. Soft Coral (Nepthea sp.) Samples were obtained from Bangka Island waters, Likupang. This research is an experimental laboratory with maceration as method of extraction. Testing of ethanol extracts of soft corals (Nepthea sp.) was using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy) with concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mg / L to analyze antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometer. The greatest antioxidant level is found in Nepthea sp. with a concentration of 150mg/L. The results of this study showed that the antioxidant levels of Nepthea sp. from Bangka waters have antioxidant activity and the higher of the concentration the higher the antioxidant levels produced.  Keywords: Activity, Antioxidants, DPPH, Nepthea sp. ABSTRAK Karang lunak (Nepthea sp.) adalah karang lunak yang mempunyai kemampuan sebagai antibakteria dan antikanker. Senyawa kimia tersebut merupakan hasil metabolit sekunder organisme hidup yang sering dikenal dengan natural producty yang umumnya berupa terpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari Nepthea sp. Sampel Karang Lunak (Nepthea sp.) diperoleh dari perairan Bangka, Likupang. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi pengujian terhadap ekstrak etanol karang lunak (Nepthea sp.) menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazi) dengan kosentrasi 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mg/L untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Kadar antioksidan yang paling besar terdapat pada Nepthea sp. dengan konsentrasi 150mg/L. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan kadar antioksidan Nepthea sp. di perairan Bangka mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi semakin tinggi pula kadar antioksidan yang dihasilkan. Kadar antioksidan yang paling besar terdapat pada Nepthea sp. dengan konsentrasi 150 mg/L.Kata Kunci  : Aktivitas, Antioksidan, DPPH, Nepthea sp.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS Ianthella basta DARI DESA TUMBAK KECAMATAN PUSOMAEN KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA Anton, Nurhati; Yudistira, Adithya; Siampa, Jainer Pasca
PHARMACON Vol 10, No 1 (2021): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.10.2021.32759

Abstract

ABSTRACT Sponges are a component of coral reef biota that has bioactive compounds with a greater percentage of activity compared to compounds produced by terrestrial plants. This study aims to determine the presence of antioxidant activity in the ethanol extracts of sponge Ianthella basta from the waters of Tumbak Village. Ianthella basta sponge was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH method with a concentration of 100 µg / mL, 75 μg / mL, 50 μg / mL, and 25 μg / mL and Vitamin C p.a as positive control. Each sample was made three repetitions of the test. Testing using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the Ianthella basta sponge had antioxidant activity with a percentage of 48.73% at a concentration of 100 µg / mL. Keywords: Ianthella basta sponge, Antioxidants, Extraction, DPPH  ABSTRAK Spons merupakan salah satu komponen biota penyusun terumbu karang yang mempunyai senyawa bioaktif dengan persentase keaktifan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antioksidan di dalam ekstrak etanol Spons Ianthella basta dari perairan Desa Tumbak. Spons Ianthella basta diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/mL, 75 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, dan 25 µg/mL dan Vitamin C p.a sebagai kontrol positif. Masing-masing sampel dibuat tiga kali pengulangan uji. Pengujian menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ektrak etanol Spons Ianthella basta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan persentase sebesar 48,73% pada konsentrasi 100 µg/mL. Kata Kunci: Spons Ianthella basta, Antioksidan, Ekstraksi, DPPH
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS (Stylissa sp.) YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI TELUK MANADO Sukmaningrum, Krisnawati; Yudistira, Adithya; Antasionasti, Irma
PHARMACON Vol 10, No 1 (2021): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.10.2021.32773

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe Stylissa sp. were under the sea, and these sponge contains active compound, wich are more active than the compounds produced by teresterial plants. The purpose of this  study was intended to test the antioxidant activity of the stylissa sp. Sample of the stylissa sp sponge was from the territorial of manado bay. This research an experimental laboratory by testing the ethanol extract of Stylissa sp sponge using  DPPH method (1.1-diphenil-2-pikrhydrazil) to analyze antioxidant activity using spectrophotometri uv-vis with variations in concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10mg/ L. Was extracted Stylissa sp, sponge by maceration using ethanol 95% as a solvent. The  value results of % inhibisi (2mg/ L); 86.50% (4mg/ L); 90.5% (6mg/L); 90.53% (8mg/ L) and 90,83 (10mg/L). The highest antioxidant activity at 10mg/L concentration with mean precentage 90.83% inhibisi. The result for this study indicate that the extract from ethanol Stylissa sp  sponge has highest antioxidant activity.Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, Stylissa sp., bay of Manado ABSTRAKSpons Stylissa sp. terdapat di bawah laut dan spons ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang persentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan dari Stylissa sp. Sampel Spons Stylissa sp. di peroleh dari perairan Teluk Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ekstrak etanol Spons Stylissa sp dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-pikrihidrazil) untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan yang diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan variasi konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10mg/L. Ekstrak Spons Stylissa sp diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%. Hasil nilai % inhibisi rata-rata yang didapat yaitu 87,20% (2mg/L); 86,50% (4mg/L); 90,5% (6mg/L); 90,53% (8mg/L) dan 90,83 (10mg/L). Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 10mg/L  dengan nilai % inhibisi rata-rata 90,83%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol Spons Stylissa sp memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi.Kata kunci : Antioksidan, DPPH, Spons Stylissa sp., Teluk Manado
ISOLASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT SIMBION DARI SPONS Stylissa sp. DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SERTA IDENTIFIKASI SECARA MOLEKULER MENGGUNAKAN GEN 16S rRNA Kandio, Engjinia Frenny; Yudistira, Adithya; Runtuwene, John M.R.
PHARMACON Vol 10, No 1 (2021): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.10.2021.32750

Abstract

ABSTRACTSponges are porous animals that are filter feeders and they become a habitat for microorganisms to nest in their bodies. The result of the symbiosis between sponges and microorganisms, especially in bacteria is the ability of the sponge to produce bioactive compounds. One of the potentials derived from these bioactive compounds is antibacterial. This study aims to isolate and test the antibacterial activity of the endophytic symbiont bacteria Stylissa sp., as well as to carry out molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene of symbiont bacteria isolates that show the greatest antibacterial power. Three isolates of endophytic symbiont bacteria were successfully obtained through the purification stage. Each isolate was coded E1, E2, and E3. With the average inhibition zone against Escherichia coli bacteria, E1 (7.26 mm) is in the moderate category, E2 (5.42 mm) is in the moderate category and E3 (0.96 mm) is in the weak category. While the antibacterial power against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, E1 (10.26 mm) in the moderate category, E2 (2.10 mm) in the moderate category, and E3 (0.17 mm) in the weak category. The endophytic bacteria that have the greatest antibacterial power is in isolate E1 which is based on molecular analysis using the 16S rRNA gene identified as Bacillus cereus bacteria. Keywords: Stylissa sp. Sponge, endophytic symbiont bacteria, antibacterial activity,                                          molecular identification, 16S rRNA Gene   ABSTRAKSpons adalah hewan berpori yang bersifat filter feeder sehingga menjadi habitat bagi mikroorganisme untuk bersarang di dalam tubuhnya. Hasil dari simbiosis antara spons dan mikroorganisme dalam hal ini bakteri yaitu kemampuan spons dalam menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif. Salah satu potensi yang berasal dari senyawa bioaktif tersebut adalah antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan melakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dari bakteri simbion endofit spons Stylissa sp., serta melakukan identifikasi secara molekuler menggunakan gen 16S rRNA terhadap isolat bakteri simbion yang menunjukkan daya antibakteri terbesar. Sebanyak 3 isolat bakteri simbion endofit berhasil diperoleh melalui tahap purifikasi. Masing-masing isolat diberi kode E1, E2, dan E3. Dengan rata-rata zona hambat terhadap bakteri Escherchia coli yaitu, E1 (7,26 mm) termasuk kategori sedang, E2 (5,42 mm) termasuk kategori sedang, E3 (0,96 mm) dengan kategori lemah. Sedagkan daya antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yaitu, E1 (10,26 mm) dengan kategori sedang, E2 (2,10 mm) termasuk kategori sedang, dan E3 (0,17 mm) pada kategori lemah. Bakteri endofit yang memiliki daya antibakteri terbesar yaitu isolat E1 yang berdasarkan analisis secara molekuler dengan menggunakan gen 16S rRNA teridentifikasi sebagai Bacillus cereus. Kata kunci: Spons Stylissa sp., bakteri simbion endofit, aktivitas antibakteri, identifikasi molekuler, gen 16S  rRNA.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS (Leucetta chagosensis) YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI KEPULAUAN MANTEHAGE Kinanti, Agata Mega; Yudistira, Adithya; Rumondor, Erladys
PHARMACON Vol 10, No 2 (2021): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.10.2021.34027

Abstract

ABSTRACTSponges are not only rich in secondary metabolites, but also have the ability to synthesize various compounds, such as alkaloids, peptides, and terpenoids. These compounds are reported to have activity as antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, and also as an antioxidant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the marine animal sponge Leucetta chagosensis. This research is a laboratory experiment with testing of the ethanol extract of sponge Leucetta chagosensis with the DPPH [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method] to analyze antioxidant activity using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 517 nm. The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of the sponge Leucetta chagosensis from Mantehage Island has antioxidant activity in each concentration of the test. The greatest antioxidant levels were found in the sponge Leucetta chagosensis with a concentration of 0.6 mg / L, reaching a percentage of 57.23%..Keywords: Antioxidants, DPPH, Leucetta chagosensis, Mantehage Islands  ABSTRAKSponge tidak hanya kaya akan metabolit sekunder, tapi juga memiliki kemampuan untuk menyintesis berbagai macam senyawa, seperti alkaloid, peptide, dan terpenoid. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut dilaporkan memiliki aktifitas sebagai antitumor, antijamur, antibakteri, dan juga sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari hewan laut sponge Leucetta chagosensis. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ektrak etanol sponge Leucetta chagosensis dengan metode DPPH [1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil] untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol sponge Leucetta chagosensis dari Pulau Mantehage mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi pengujian. Kadar antioksidan yang paling besar terdapat pada sponge Leucetta chagosensis dengan konsentrasi 0,6 mg/L dengan mencapai persentase 57,23% . Kata kunci: Antioksidan, DPPH, Leucetta chagosensis, Pulau Mantehage
Co-Authors Abdullah, Surya Sumantri Adeanne Wullur ALTIM, MUHAMMAD ZAINAL Amanda, Turangan Anggelia Nelisa Kapantow Anne Wulur Ansarullah, Ansarullah Antasionasti, Irma Anton, Nurhati Ayu Fauzia Malinda Benjamin, Sri Gentari Berlian Tasya Tumundo Billy Arthur Porajow Christian Alexandro Lanes Christo Togelang Datu, Olvie Syenni DEBY AFRIANI MPILA Defny Silvia Wewengkang Edar, Ahmad Nadhil Edi Suryanto Edwin de Queljoe Elly Suoth Erladys Melindah Rumondor ERLADYS MELINDAH RUMONDOR, ERLADYS MELINDAH Erladys Rumondor Erladys Rumondor Esti Santi Sigar Evans Handayani Slat Tatuhe Fabiola N Palobo Fadhila Assagaf Fangohoy, Juliandro Fatimawali . Fenezia Yosevina Lumempow Fitriawati Tongkali Gayatri Citraningtyas Gloria Sefania Maukar Hariyanto, Yuanita Amalia Henki Rotinsulu, Henki Hohakay, Jeremi Jelio Hohakay, Jeremy J. Hosea Jaya Edy I Dewa Ayu Prabawati Ikhrar, Muhammad S. Ikhrar, Muhammad Setiawan Imam Jayanto Ira Handayani Puspita Prins Jesikha Sharen Salikode Julia Megawati Narande Juliana Christie Kurniawan Julius Pontoh Kaligis, Alfredo Yeheskel Kandio, Engjinia Frenny Kanter, Yabes Karlah L. R. Mansauda Karunia Ritje Virginia Rintjap Kawani, Gito Adhitya Kinanti, Agata Mega Kindangen, Eunike Elizabeth Lampongajo, Stela Mahdalena Langi, Priski Lisa Purnawati Saleh Lontaan, Gloria J. Lonteng, Elur Lukman, Muhammad Yusri Lumbu, Alisa W. R. Macpal, Fransisca Manoppo, Cinlye Manoppo, Cinlye J Manumpil, Aprilia Meilani Jayanti Melisa Oktafiani Makalunsenge Membri, Desy Khartika Mikhael Versen Onthoni Miracle Cristia Meyfi Bambulu Mokoginta, Tiara Ambarzahra Momuat, Lidya Irma Muhammad Zaki Musda, Gusti Hardyanti Nangoy, Billy N. Nangoy, Billy Nathaniel Ni Wayan Dianti Nursafitri Syahrudin Olvie Datu Paulina yamlean Pitoy, Novia Pitoy, Novia A. Pricillia Esterlita Mintadoa Purwoko, Agus Putri Virgie Pandey Redford Denny Rizal Musafa Medica Rolos, Tesalonika N. Romario Aldi Rompas Rumangu, Afrilia Rumangu, Afrilia Veronika Rumondor, Erladys Runtuwene, John M.R. Runtuwene, Kristianus Runtuwene, Widia Runtuwene, Widia N Sambou, Christel N. SELLYANA MAHARANI BAWEKES Selvian Talapessy Shalomyta Monangin Siampa, Jainer Pasca Sibarani, Samuel I.M. Soleman, Puput Solly Aryza Sri Sudewi, Sri Sukmaningrum, Krisnawati Sumerah, Marsella Sumerah, Marsella E. Suryanto, Edi Tumiwa, Pricilia Irene Tumiwa, Priscila Irene Tumundo, Berlian Tasya Turangan, Amanda T. M. Ulaan, Gia Ulaan, Gia Aprilia Kartini Wehantouw, Frenly Weny I Wiyono Weny Wiyono Widdhi Bodhi Widjaya, Selin Widya Astuty Lolo Widya Astuty Lolo, Widya Astuty Windy Sumarauw Wulan, Wulan