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a Design of an IoT-Based Control and Monitoring System for a Biogas Power Generation Plant Using POME Waste from Palm Oil Mills: a Design of an IoT-Based Control and Monitoring System for a Biogas Power Generation Plant Using POME Waste from Palm Oil Mills Asminar Asminar; Rifki Rifki; Akhyar Muchtar; Abdul Djohar; Agustinus Lolok; Mustarum Musaruddin; Hasmina Tari Mokui; Adhi Setiawan Samsul
Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 1 August 2026
Publisher : PT. Global Research Collaboration

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i1.1054

Abstract

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) contains a high organic load that can be converted into biogas through anaerobic digestion and subsequently utilized for electricity generation. However, maintaining stable digester conditions requires an integrated monitoring and control system capable of observing critical operating parameters. This study presents a conceptual design and theoretical assessment of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and control system for a POME-based biogas power plant. The proposed architecture integrates an anaerobic digester, gas holder, biogas generator, ESP32 microcontroller, temperature, pressure, methane concentration, and gas flow meter, cloud communication through MQTT/HTTP protocols, and web- and mobile-based dashboards. A threshold-based control strategy is proposed to regulate gas pressure and digester temperature. This study did not include physical system implementation or experimental field testing. Based on the adopted design assumptions, processing 300 metric tons of fresh fruit bunches generates approximately 240 m³ of POME and 6,000 m³ of biogas. Using a methane fraction of 60%, a methane calorific value of 35.7 MJ/m³, and a fixed generator efficiency of 35%, the theoretical electrical energy output is estimated at 12,495 kWh per production cycle. The proposed design provides an integrative framework for future prototype development and experimental validation of IoT-based monitoring and control in POME biogas power plants.
Design and Evaluation of an IoT-Based Monitoring and Biogas Distribution Control Prototype Using Palm Oil Mill Effluent Rifki Rifki; Asminar Asminar; Abdul Djohar; Mustarum Musaruddin; Hasmina Tari Mokui; Adhi Setiawan Samsul
Jurnal Media Elektrik Vol. 23 No. 3 (2026): MEDIA ELEKTRIK
Publisher : Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59562/metrik.v23i3.13277

Abstract

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) can be converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion; however, prototype-scale monitoring requires careful interpretation of low-cost sensor data. This study developed and performed a preliminary functional evaluation of an ESP32-based monitoring and biogas distribution control prototype using a 120-L digester charged with 50 L of POME and 50 L of water for four weeks. Five-point comparisons yielded mean absolute errors of 1.10 °C for the DS18B20 temperature sensor, 0.10 bar for the WPT83-G pressure sensor, and 0.132 V for the PZEM-004T voltage channel, respectively. The Blynk dashboard was programmed to update every 2 s, which was not a network latency measurement. Digester MQ-4 nominal readings increased from 0-351 in week 1 to 1,988-3,420 in week 4, while gas-bag readings reached 450-750. Because the MQ-4 sensor was not calibrated with certified methane mixtures, these values are relative gas-sensitive readings rather than validated methane concentrations. Both solenoid valves followed four commanded on/off states. Therefore, the prototype demonstrates proof-of-concept functional integration of sensing, visualization, and valve actuation, while gas composition, gas volume, network reliability, and generator performance require further validation.
Co-Authors Abdul Djohar Abdul Djohar Abdul Djohar Abdul Kadir Achmad Nur Aliansyah Adhi Setiawan Samsul Adhi Setiawan Samsul Aditya Rachman Agustinus Lolok Agustinus Lolok Agustinus Lolok Agustinus Lolok Ahmad Munawir Ahmad Nur Aliansyah Akhyar Muchtar Alhidayat Anshari Nur, Muh. Nadzirin Asminar Asminar Bambang Pramono Briam Harpah Matana Brian Dwijayanto Sarira Bunyamin Bunyamin Bunyamin Cindy Puspitafuri DANU SALAM Diah A.P, Zahwa Dickey Ansharullah Hamid Didin Eng. Lukas Kano Manggalla Faldin Fidmasari, Rezki Fika Saputri Gamal Abdel Nasser Masikki Gamal Abdel Nasser Maskki Hasmin Tari Mokui Hasmina Tari Mokui Hasmina Tari Mokui Hazen Masrafat Holis Hermansyah Indra Indrayati Galugu Isnawaty Isnawaty, Isnawaty Jaelani, Muhammad Ishak Kalimin Kansil, Fiani Karangan, Rishan Koedoes, Y.A. Labiran, Tommy Rekza Lolok, Agustinus Lukas Kano Mangalla, Lukas Kano Malikurrahim Mansur Mardawia Mabe Parenreng Muh. Saparun Muhamad Faza Almaliki Muhammad Fiqran Rusydi Muhammad Hasbi Muhammad Safaat Munawir, Ahmad Nazrayan, Nazrayan Nita Zelfia Dinianti Luzi Mulyawati Nur Rahmadani Nurtaufiq Nurul Khaerani Hamzidah Pagiling, luther Pebi Wahyudin Rayadin, Muhamad Amhar Rifki Rifki Rifki Rifki Rizal Adi Saputra Ronni Rustam Sahabuddin Hay Sahabuddin Hay, Sahabuddin Samuel Jie Sarita, Muh Ihsan Sarita, Muhammad Ihsan St. Nawal Jaya Sukardi Sukardi Tachrir Tachrir, Tachrir Tahir, Zulqifli Tambi Tambi Tari Mokui, Hasmina Wa Ode Siti Nur Alam Wahyuddin Zhafirah Majdiyah Mustarum Zulkaida, Wa Ode