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Direct Medical Costs and Accordance of INA-CBG's Claims on Covid-19 Patients at Anutapura Hospital: Biaya Medis Langsung dan Kesesuaian Klaim Tarif INA-CBG’s pada Pasien Covid-19 di RSU Anutapura Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Khusnul Diana; Arya Dibyo Adisaputra; Shella Monica; Fatimah Azzahrah
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): (March 2023)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2023.v9.i1.16073

Abstract

Background: The pandemic Covid-19 has had an impact on various aspects of life, both socially and economically. One of the government's responsibilities is in financing the treatment of Covid-19 patients, which is stated in the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number HK.01.07/MENKES/5673/2021 regarding technical instructions for claiming the cost of Covid-19 services. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the average direct medical costs and according to the INA-CBGs rates for Covid-19 patients and the effect of length of stay, severity and comorbidities on the total cost from a hospital perspective. Material and Methods: This study was an observational descriptive study, used a sample of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 inpatients at Anutapura Hospital Palu in 2020. The sample was used 134 patients, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collected includes patient characteristics, direct medical costs (consultation fees, visits, rooms, medical procedures, medical devices, examinations and drugs) and INA-CBGS rates. Results: the Covid-19 patients were hospitalized for 14 days (65.67%) with severe severity (92.54%), patients without comorbidities (comorbidities) (74.63%) and included in the group with INA-CBGs code was A-4-13-III (92.54%). The average direct medical cost of the patient was Rp. 5,371,333, with the largest cost being the room fee, which was 32.57% of the total cost. The average INA-CBG's tariff was Rp. 123,019,851. Conclusions: The INA-CBGs tariff was higher than direct medical costs with a difference of Rp. 117,648,518. The results of the linear regression test, it was found that there was a partial or simultaneous effect between length of hospitalization, severity and incidence of comorbidities on total direct medical costs.
Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Antibiotik Levofloksasin dan Azitromisin pada Pasien Penderita Corona Virus Disease-19 pada Tahun 2021 di RSUD Madani Palu: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Levofloxacin and Azithromycin Antibiotics Usage in Patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 in 2021 at Madani Hospital in Palu Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Ririen Hardani; Nurhafifah Wulandari Kassa; Nurul Ambianti
Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) Vol. 6 No. 7: JULY 2023 -Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/mppki.v6i7.3262

Abstract

Latar belakang: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 yang dapat menyebabkan gejala gangguan pernapasan akut seperti demam, batuk dan sesak napas. Dalam penatalaksanaannya, Covid-19 membutuhkan biaya yang besar. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui antibiotik manakah yang paling cost-effective antara azitromisin dan levofloksasin dalam pengobatan Corona Virus Disease-2019 periode 2021 di RSUD Madani Palu. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional cross-sectional dengan pengambilan data pasien secara retrospektif (Januari-Desember 2021). Metode penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Analisis efektivitas biaya dilakukan dengan menghitung Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) dan Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). Hasil: Jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 51% dengan usia 26-45 tahun dibandingkan perempuan sebesar 49%, dan lama rawat inap terbanyak 14 hari. Biaya medis langsung pasien pengguna azitromisin lebih rendah sebesar Rp1.659.698,66 dibandingkan pasien pengguna levofloksasin sebesar Rp1.711.361,17. Nilai ACER antibiotik azitromisin sebesar Rp92.205 dan nilai ACER antibiotik levofloksasin sebesar Rp136.939. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok terapi antibiotik azitromisin lebih cost-effective dibandingkan dengan kelompok terapi antibiotik levofloksasin.
Studi Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Berkhasiat Antidiabetes di Kecamatan Balinggi Kabupaten Parigi Moutong Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah Syariful Anam; Ni Luh Yeni Safitri; Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Khusnul Diana
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 10, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v10i2.14229

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) adalah penyakit degeneratif dengan karakteristik khas berupa kadar gula darah melebihi angka normal. Data tahun 2019 menunjukkan angka penderita DM di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong sebesar 33.873 jiwa. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data jenis, bagian dan cara penggunaan tumbuhan obat tradisional untuk pengobatan DM oleh masyarakat di Kecamatan Balinggi Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dalam periode bulan Oktober 2021-Mei 2022. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 22 spesies tumbuhan obat yang terdiri dari 17 famili. Persentase bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk pengobatan antidiabetes, yaitu daun 73,01%, kulit batang 11,11%, buah 6,34%, rimpang 4,76%, dan tumbuhan utuh 4,76%. Persentase cara pengolahan tumbuhan obat yang digunakan yaitu direbus 71,88%, diseduh 9,38%, diparut 6,25%, ditumbuk/dilumat 6,25%, dan diremas 6,25%. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan antidiabetes yaitu kersen (11,4%), kelor (11,4%) dan kayu manis (11,4%) serta tumbuhan lain seperti klorofil (10%), sembung (5,7%), kunyit (5,7%), kumis kucing (5,7%), ciplukan (4,3%), insulin (4,3%), mahkota dewa (4,3%), sambiloto (4,3%), pinang (2,9%), salam (2,9%), belimbing wuluh (2,9%), sirih merah (2,9%), jarak pagar (1,4%), bengkuang (1,4%), meniran (1,4%), mengkudu (1,4%), brotowali (1,4%), beluntas (1,4%), dan dadap (1,4%). Kata Kunci: Etnofarmakologi, Diabetes Mellitus, Obat Tradisional, Jamu, Kecamatan Balinggi Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease with distinctive characteristics in the form of blood sugar levels that exceed expected levels. Data for 2019 show that the number of DM sufferers in the Parigi Moutong Regency is 33,873. This study aims to obtain data on the types, parts, and ways of using traditional medicinal plants to treat DM by the community in Balinggi District, Parigi Moutong Regency. This research was conducted using the purposive sampling method from October 2021-May 2022. The results obtained were 22 species of medicinal plants consisting of 17 families. The percentage of plant parts used for anti-diabetic treatment, namely leaves 73.01%, bark 11.11%, fruit 6.34%, rhizomes 4.76%, and whole plants 4.76%. The percentage of medicinal plant processing methods used was 71.88% boiled, 9.38% brewed, 6.25% grated, 6.25% crushed/crushed, and 6.25% crushed. This study shows that the plants most widely used for anti-diabetic treatment are kersen (11,4%), moringa (11,4%), and cinnamon (11,4%) other plants such as klorofil (10%), sembung (5,7%), turmeric (5,7%), kumis kucing (5,7%), ciplukan (4,3%), insulin (4,3%), mahkota dewa (4,3%), sambiloto (4,3%), areca nut (2,9%), salam (2,9%), carambola wuluh (2,9%), red betel (2,9%), jarak pagar (1,4%), bengkuang (1,4%), meniran (1,4%), noni (1,4%), brotowali (1,4%), beluntas (1,4%), dan dadap (1,4%).
ANALISIS TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENAGA KEFARMASIAN DALAM MENCEGAH OBAT RUSAK DAN KADARLUARSA DI RSUD TORA BELO Ambianti, Nurul; Tandah, Muhamad Rinaldhi; Diana, Khusnul; Balqis, Ratu
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia Vol 9 No 2 (2021): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2021.9.2.5135

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Abstract The defective and expired drugs are one of the problems that can reflect the inaccuracy and poor of drug management in a Hospital Pharmacy Unit (HPU). This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of pharmaceutical personnel in preventing defective and expired drugs at the Regional General Hospital (RGH) Tora Belo. This type of researched is a non-experimental study with cross sectional data collection. The data used are primary data obtained from the results of questionnaires that have been filled out by pharmacist at Tora Belo Hospital. The analysis used in this study is correlation analysis using the Spearman-Rho test, to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of pharmaceutical personnel in preventing defective and expired drugs. The number of samples is 33 people taken by total sampling. Time to collect research data during May-October 2020. From the results of the study, it is known that the level of knowledge of the respondents is dominated by the sufficient category, namely 17 respondents (71.1%), it is known that the attitude of the respondents was included in the very strong category of 18 respondents (85.78%), and the results of the correlation analysis the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of pharmaceutical personnel in preventing defective and expired drugs obtained a significance value of 0.021. So it can be concluded there is a relation between the level of knowledge and attitude of pharmaceutical workers in preventing defective and expired drugs at Tora Belo Hospital.
EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN DAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN VAKSIN COVID-19 DI DINAS KESEHATAN PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH Diana, Khusnul; Ekasandra, Nur; Tandah, Muhamad Rinaldhi
Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia 2023: JIFI: Webinar & call for paper
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36387/jifi.v6i3.1657

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The Health Department is responsible for distributing COVID-19 vaccines in the region. This research was conducted to evaluate the suitability of storage and distribution  in the warehouse of the Pharmaceutical Installation of the Central Sulawesi Health Department, following the guidelines set in the Director General of Disease Prevention and Control Decision Number Hk.02.02/4/1/2021. The research used observational and qualitative descriptive methods, collecting data within a specific period, using all COVID-19 vaccines stored in the Pharmaceutical Installation of the Central Sulawesi Health Department as the sample. The research results show  8 types of COVID-19 vaccines managed by the Central Sulawesi Health Department, divided into 3 groups: vaccines that must be stored at 2-8 ºC, vaccines that must be stored at -20 ºC, and vaccines that must be stored at -70ºC. All groups of vaccines comply with the guidelines at 100%. However, concerning distribution, the level of compliance hasn't reached 100%. The group of vaccines that must be stored at 2-8 ºC, the compliance percentage is 63.64%. Similarly, the group of vaccines that must be stored at -20 ºC, the compliance percentage is also 63.64%, and the group of vaccines that must be stored at -70 ºC, the compliance percentage reaches 69.23%.
ANALISIS BIAYA MEDIS LANGSUNG DAN TARIF INA-CBG’s PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIDAK TERGANTUNG INSULIN DI RSUD ANUTAPURA PALU Rinaldhi Tandah, Muhamad; Rhaudatul Janna, Rischa; Mallisa, Twulyenna; Khusnul Diana
Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 2023: Webinar Nasional & Call For Paper
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36387/jiis.v8i3.1667

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Diabetes mellitus is a long-term disease with an increasing prevalence. Diabetes mellitus is one of the main causes of human morbidity and death and has a significant impact on health financing. Indonesia itself has implemented a national health insurance program that prioritizes effectiveness and cost efficiency. This study aims to determine the average direct medical costs, INA-CBG's rates, the suitability of direct medical costs and INA-CBG's as well as the influence of treatment class, severity, number of secondary diagnoses, and length of stay on the direct medical costs of diabetes mellitus patients at Anutapura Hospital Palu. This research is a descriptive observational study with retrospective data collection from medical records and files detailing patient care costs at Anutapura Hospital Palu in 2020 from the hospital's perspective. The sample used was BPJS inpatients with a primary diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DMTTI) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 132 patients. Data were analyzed descriptively and to see the influence of variables on total costs, the Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used. The research results show that the average direct medical costs are IDR 2,751,449, the average INA-CBG's rate is IDR 4,505,508, so there is a mismatch between direct medical costs and INA CBG's. There is a significant influence partially or simultaneously and in a positive direction from the variables treatment class, severity, number of secondary diagnoses, and length of stay on direct medical costs.
MOTIVASI DAN SIKAPAPOTEKER DALAM PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN FARMASI DI APOTEK KOTA PALU Diana, Khusnul; Rinaldhi Tandah, Muhamad; Dibyo, Arya; Putri, Meliani
Jurnal Kefarmasian Akfarindo Vol 7 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Akademi Farmasi Indonesia Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37089/jofar.vi0.110

Abstract

Pharmaceutical supplies are the main commodity in the pharmaceutical sector in service facilities, one of which is a pharmacy. Controlling pharmaceutical supplies in pharmacies is one of the duties and responsibilities of a pharmacist managing a pharmacy (APA). The task can run well if the pharmacist has high motivation and a good attitude in controlling pharmaceutical inventory. This study aimed to measure the attitude and motivation of pharmacists in inventory control and how the influence of motivation on attitudes in managing pharmaceutical inventory in pharmacies. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with cross-sectional data collection. The sample used is pharmacist managing pharmacies (APA) in pharmacies in Palu City as many as 73 respondents. The attitude and motivation of pharmacists were measured using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the respondent's data were analyzed descriptively and a simple linear regression test. The outcome on the measurement of pharmacist motivation was dominated by the moderate category, with as many as 51 respondents (69.86%). The results of measuring the attitude of pharmacists in controlling pharmaceutical inventory in pharmacies are dominated in the good category as many as 36 respondents (49.32%). With a simple regression test, the tcount value is 0.783 (< ttable = 1.66), which means that there is no significant effect between motivation on the attitude of the pharmacist. The linear regression equation is Y=39,527+0,151X, meaning that if the motivation value increases by 1, the attitude will increase by 0.151. It can be concluded that the attitude in controlling pharmaceutical inventory by pharmacists in pharmacies is not influenced by motivation.
ANALISIS MINIMALISASI BIAYA ANTIVIRUS FAVIPIRAVIR DAN REMDESIVIR PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DI RUMAH SAKIT ANUTAPURA Khusnul Diana; Ashrawini Omar; Tandah, Muhamad Rinaldhi
Jurnal Kefarmasian Akfarindo Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Akademi Farmasi Indonesia Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37089/jofar.vi0.315

Abstract

Salah satu terapi Covid-19 yang banyak digunakan di rumah sakit Anutapura yaitu favipiravir dan remdesivir. Diperlukan analisis secara farmakoekonomi menggunakan metode Analisis Minimalisasi Biaya (AMB) untuk mengetahui terapi yang mengeluarkan biaya paling minimal antara favipiravir dan remdesivir dengan outcome yang sama. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang pasien terkonfirmasi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui rata-rata biaya medis langsung pasien Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Anutapura periode 2021 yang menggunakan antivirus favipiravir dan remdesivir, outcome yang dihasilkan pada penggunaan favipiravir dan remdesivir dan pengobatan yang paling minimal secara biaya antara favipiravir dan remdesivir dengan outcome yang sama. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan data dikumpul secara retrospektif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian pasien Covid-19 yang menjalani rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Anutapura periode 2021 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Berdasarkan karakteristik pasien, didapatkan sebanyak 52% laki-laki dan 48% wanita, 58% usia > 45 tahun, 50% pasien menggunakan favipiravir dan 50% remdesivir, 96% pasien memiliki tingkat keparahan berat dan 50% memiliki comorbid. Penyakit penyerta terbanyak yaitu hipertensi, penyakit kardiovaskuler dan diabetes melitus dan penggunaan obat terbanyak yaitu levofloksasin, curcuma, deksametason, parasetamol, ondansetron, pantoprazol dan N-asetil sistein untuk terapi Covid-19. Berdasarkan karakteristik biaya medis langsung, biaya paling tinggi pada kelompok favipiravir adalah biaya kamar (Rp. 2.844.700) dan remdesivir yaitu biaya tindakan medis (Rp. 9.829.936). Karakteristik outcome adalah signifikan dan rata-rata biaya favipiravir adalah Rp. 8.221.042 dan remdesivir Rp. 26.952.054. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh favipiravir memiliki biaya yang lebih minimal dibandingkan remdisivir.
Identifikasi Kejadian Adverse Drug Reaction pada Penggunaan Amlodipin di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Undata Rumi, Amelia; Aulia, Raiza; Tandah, Muhamad Rinaldhi
Majalah Farmaseutik Vol 19, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v19i3.78950

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADRs) atau reaksi obat yang merugikan merupakan salah satu masalah yang muncul saat mengkonsumsi obat, salah satunya adalah efek samping obat. Tingkat ADRs yang dilaporkan saat ini di Indonesia berkisar antara 15% sampai 30% pada pasien rawat inap. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi kejadian ADRs, kejadian ADRs yang terjadi serta skor probabilitas ADRs berdasarkan instrumen algoritma Naranjo yang terjadi di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Undata Palu khususnya pasien penyakit hipertensi yang mengkonsumsi obat amlodipin. Metode: Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan prospektif yang bersifat cross-sectional dengan bantuan kuesioner algoritma Naranjo. Hasil: Didapatkan sebanyak 30 responden dengan kejadian ADRs sebesar 16,70% pada penggunaan obat amlodipin di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Undata, dimana ADRs yang terjadi, yaitu sebanyak 3 responden yang merasakan edema dengan persentase sebesar 10%, 2 responden yang merasakan diuresis dengan persentase sebesar 6,70%, dan sebanyak 1 responden yang merasakan mengantuk, mual, pusing, lelah dan susah tidur dengan persentase sebesar 3,30%, kemudian skor probabilitas ADRs dimana definite tidak terdeteksi sama sekali, probable sebanyak 5 responden (16,70%), possible sebanyak 2 responden (6,70%) dan doubtful sebanyak 23 responden (76,60%). Kesimpulan: Obat amlodipin cocok digunakan untuk terapi hipertensi jika dilihat dari ADRs yang terjadi yaitu hanya 5 dari 30 responden yang merasakan ADRs. 
Drug Plan and Control (Drug PC): Web-Based System Information of Drug and Inventory Control Diana, Khusnul; Adisaputra, Arya Dibyo; Tandah, Muhamad Rinaldhi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 2024: Suppl. 6, No. 2 (Universitas Halu Uleo Conference)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/ijpst.v6i2.52618

Abstract

Pengelolaan obat di sarana kefarmasian merupakan kegiatan yang penting di perhatikan karena berhubungan dengan keberlangsungan sarana serta kepuasan pengguna obat. Penggunaan sistem informasi dalam mengelola obat dapat mempermudah pekerjaan serta menjadikan hal tersebut efektif dan efisien. Terutama dalam kegiatan perencanaan dan pengendalian persediaan farmasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun sistem informasi dalam perencanaan jumlah obat dan mengendalikan persediaan farmasi di sarana kefarmasian dengan metode EOQ dan ROP. Pembangunan sistem informasi ini menggunakan bahasa pemprograman PHP dan untuk databasenya menggunakan MySQL. Metode yang digunakan dalam aplikasi ini adalah metode waterfall. Kesesuaian hasil perhitungan nilai perencanaan, EOQ dan ROP dibandingkan dengan menggunakan perhitungan melalui excel. Pengujian fungsionalitas aplikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan blackbox testing kepada beberapa responden. Sistem informasi berbasis web yang telah dibangun memiliki empat menu utama yaitu data obat, stok obat, ramalan perencanaan obat dengan metode konsumsi, pengendalian persediaan dengan metode EOQ ROP. Nilai jumlah perencanan obat, EOQ dan ROP menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan dibandingkan perhitungan menggunakan excel. Sistem informasi berbasis web dapat digunakan dengan baik dan memberikan hasil yang sesuai seperti perhitungan secara manual dan excel.