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Direct Medical Costs and Accordance of INA-CBG's Claims on Covid-19 Patients at Anutapura Hospital: Biaya Medis Langsung dan Kesesuaian Klaim Tarif INA-CBG’s pada Pasien Covid-19 di RSU Anutapura Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Khusnul Diana; Arya Dibyo Adisaputra; Shella Monica; Fatimah Azzahrah
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): (March 2023)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2023.v9.i1.16073

Abstract

Background: The pandemic Covid-19 has had an impact on various aspects of life, both socially and economically. One of the government's responsibilities is in financing the treatment of Covid-19 patients, which is stated in the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number HK.01.07/MENKES/5673/2021 regarding technical instructions for claiming the cost of Covid-19 services. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the average direct medical costs and according to the INA-CBGs rates for Covid-19 patients and the effect of length of stay, severity and comorbidities on the total cost from a hospital perspective. Material and Methods: This study was an observational descriptive study, used a sample of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 inpatients at Anutapura Hospital Palu in 2020. The sample was used 134 patients, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collected includes patient characteristics, direct medical costs (consultation fees, visits, rooms, medical procedures, medical devices, examinations and drugs) and INA-CBGS rates. Results: the Covid-19 patients were hospitalized for 14 days (65.67%) with severe severity (92.54%), patients without comorbidities (comorbidities) (74.63%) and included in the group with INA-CBGs code was A-4-13-III (92.54%). The average direct medical cost of the patient was Rp. 5,371,333, with the largest cost being the room fee, which was 32.57% of the total cost. The average INA-CBG's tariff was Rp. 123,019,851. Conclusions: The INA-CBGs tariff was higher than direct medical costs with a difference of Rp. 117,648,518. The results of the linear regression test, it was found that there was a partial or simultaneous effect between length of hospitalization, severity and incidence of comorbidities on total direct medical costs.
Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Antibiotik Levofloksasin dan Azitromisin pada Pasien Penderita Corona Virus Disease-19 pada Tahun 2021 di RSUD Madani Palu: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Levofloxacin and Azithromycin Antibiotics Usage in Patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 in 2021 at Madani Hospital in Palu Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Ririen Hardani; Nurhafifah Wulandari Kassa; Nurul Ambianti
Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) Vol. 6 No. 7: JULY 2023 -Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/mppki.v6i7.3262

Abstract

Latar belakang: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 yang dapat menyebabkan gejala gangguan pernapasan akut seperti demam, batuk dan sesak napas. Dalam penatalaksanaannya, Covid-19 membutuhkan biaya yang besar. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui antibiotik manakah yang paling cost-effective antara azitromisin dan levofloksasin dalam pengobatan Corona Virus Disease-2019 periode 2021 di RSUD Madani Palu. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional cross-sectional dengan pengambilan data pasien secara retrospektif (Januari-Desember 2021). Metode penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Analisis efektivitas biaya dilakukan dengan menghitung Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) dan Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). Hasil: Jenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 51% dengan usia 26-45 tahun dibandingkan perempuan sebesar 49%, dan lama rawat inap terbanyak 14 hari. Biaya medis langsung pasien pengguna azitromisin lebih rendah sebesar Rp1.659.698,66 dibandingkan pasien pengguna levofloksasin sebesar Rp1.711.361,17. Nilai ACER antibiotik azitromisin sebesar Rp92.205 dan nilai ACER antibiotik levofloksasin sebesar Rp136.939. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok terapi antibiotik azitromisin lebih cost-effective dibandingkan dengan kelompok terapi antibiotik levofloksasin.
Studi Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Berkhasiat Antidiabetes di Kecamatan Balinggi Kabupaten Parigi Moutong Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah Syariful Anam; Ni Luh Yeni Safitri; Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Khusnul Diana
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 10, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v10i2.14229

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) adalah penyakit degeneratif dengan karakteristik khas berupa kadar gula darah melebihi angka normal. Data tahun 2019 menunjukkan angka penderita DM di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong sebesar 33.873 jiwa. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data jenis, bagian dan cara penggunaan tumbuhan obat tradisional untuk pengobatan DM oleh masyarakat di Kecamatan Balinggi Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dalam periode bulan Oktober 2021-Mei 2022. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 22 spesies tumbuhan obat yang terdiri dari 17 famili. Persentase bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk pengobatan antidiabetes, yaitu daun 73,01%, kulit batang 11,11%, buah 6,34%, rimpang 4,76%, dan tumbuhan utuh 4,76%. Persentase cara pengolahan tumbuhan obat yang digunakan yaitu direbus 71,88%, diseduh 9,38%, diparut 6,25%, ditumbuk/dilumat 6,25%, dan diremas 6,25%. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan antidiabetes yaitu kersen (11,4%), kelor (11,4%) dan kayu manis (11,4%) serta tumbuhan lain seperti klorofil (10%), sembung (5,7%), kunyit (5,7%), kumis kucing (5,7%), ciplukan (4,3%), insulin (4,3%), mahkota dewa (4,3%), sambiloto (4,3%), pinang (2,9%), salam (2,9%), belimbing wuluh (2,9%), sirih merah (2,9%), jarak pagar (1,4%), bengkuang (1,4%), meniran (1,4%), mengkudu (1,4%), brotowali (1,4%), beluntas (1,4%), dan dadap (1,4%). Kata Kunci: Etnofarmakologi, Diabetes Mellitus, Obat Tradisional, Jamu, Kecamatan Balinggi Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease with distinctive characteristics in the form of blood sugar levels that exceed expected levels. Data for 2019 show that the number of DM sufferers in the Parigi Moutong Regency is 33,873. This study aims to obtain data on the types, parts, and ways of using traditional medicinal plants to treat DM by the community in Balinggi District, Parigi Moutong Regency. This research was conducted using the purposive sampling method from October 2021-May 2022. The results obtained were 22 species of medicinal plants consisting of 17 families. The percentage of plant parts used for anti-diabetic treatment, namely leaves 73.01%, bark 11.11%, fruit 6.34%, rhizomes 4.76%, and whole plants 4.76%. The percentage of medicinal plant processing methods used was 71.88% boiled, 9.38% brewed, 6.25% grated, 6.25% crushed/crushed, and 6.25% crushed. This study shows that the plants most widely used for anti-diabetic treatment are kersen (11,4%), moringa (11,4%), and cinnamon (11,4%) other plants such as klorofil (10%), sembung (5,7%), turmeric (5,7%), kumis kucing (5,7%), ciplukan (4,3%), insulin (4,3%), mahkota dewa (4,3%), sambiloto (4,3%), areca nut (2,9%), salam (2,9%), carambola wuluh (2,9%), red betel (2,9%), jarak pagar (1,4%), bengkuang (1,4%), meniran (1,4%), noni (1,4%), brotowali (1,4%), beluntas (1,4%), dan dadap (1,4%).
EDUKASI OBAT RUSAK DAN KEDALUARSA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA TOSALE, KECAMATAN BANAWA SELATAN, KABUPATEN DONGGALA khusnul diana; Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Nurul Ambianti; Setiawati Fadhilah Zainal
JURNAL PENGABDIAN FARMASI DAN SAINS Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Oktober 2022
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/jpsf.2022.v1.i1.16099

Abstract

Using damaged and expired drugs in the community can be a problem for health. Using medicines that have been damaged or drugs that have expired can be fatal, ranging from poisoning, and disability, to causing death. Many factors can cause damaged and expired drugs, both occurring in health facilities (such as pharmacies, hospitals, health centers, and distributors) or the storage of drug users in this case in the community. People as users of medicinal products sometimes do not know how the physical characteristics and signs of drugs are damaged and medicines that have expired. This community service activity was carried out in the Tosale Village area of ​​Donggala to assist the local community in knowing and recognizing drugs that were damaged or expired. This activity is carried out using lecture and discussion methods around recognizing the characteristics and signs of damaged and expired drugs, how to prevent the occurrence of damaged and expired drugs and how to store medicines to avoid damage. Evaluation of activities by giving short questions to participants about the material that has been given to identifying damaged and expired drugs. Active participants who answered correctly were given the appreciation in the form of mementos from the service team. This activity was completed by the target number of participants and the time given by the Tosale Village Head.
EDUKASI PENGELOLAAN OBAT RUSAK DAN KEDALUWARSA MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA LEAFLET DI DESA UENUNI, KECAMATAN PALOLO, KABUPATEN SIGI: Education on Management of Damaged and Expired Medicines Using Leaflet Media Khusnul Diana; Nurul Ambianti; Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Setiawati Fadhilah Zainal
JURNAL PENGABDIAN FARMASI DAN SAINS Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): Oktober 2023
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/jpsf.2023.v2.i1.16660

Abstract

Masyarakat memperoleh obat dari apotek atau fasilitas kesehatan akan menyimpan obat-obatannya di rumah untuk berbagai keperluan termasuk penggunaan darurat dan penyakit akut atau kronis. Kebanyakan obat-obatan yang di simpan di rumah akhirnya tidak digunakan dan menjadi kedaluwarsa. Kurangnya pengetahuan dan informasi terkait cara mengelola obat rusak dan obat kedaluwarsa mengakibatkan masyarakat melakukan praktik pembuangan obat yang tidak digunakan langsung ke tempat sampah umum. Hal ini akan menyebabkan permasalahan yang cukup besar dilingkungan masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan di Desa Unenui Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten Sigi. Secara tipologi dan geologi desa ini terletak di pegunungan, sehingga akses sarana fasilitas kesehatan dan tenaga kesehatan masih terbatas. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membantu masyarakat dalam memahami dan meningkatkan pengetahuan terkait pengelolaan obat rusak dan kedaluwarsa. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode edukasi melalui upaya pemberian informasi dan pembagian leaflet tentang definisi obat rusak dan kedaluwarsa, penyebab dan ciri-ciri obat rusak, cara pengecekkan obat kedaluwarsa, serta cara memusnahkan obat rusak dan kedaluwarsa. Evaluasi kegiatan dengan memberikan pertanyaan singkat kepada peserta tentang isi materi pada leaflet. Kegiatan ini selesai dilaksanakan sesuai dengan target jumlah peserta dan waktu yang diberikan oleh Kepala Desa Uenuni.
Pelatihan Pengelolaan dan Pemusnahan Limbah Obat Rusak dan Kadaluarsa di Desa Kotapulu Kabupaten Sigi Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah; Khusnul Diana; Arya Dibyo Adisaputra; Ririen Hardani
JURNAL PENGABDIAN FARMASI DAN SAINS Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/jpsf.2024.v2.i2.17096

Abstract

The widespread circulation of illegal drugs poses a serious threat to society as it can have negative impacts on health. In 2019, BPOM Palu confiscated illegal drugs and cosmetics from various areas in Central Sulawesi. A law enforcement operation in Sigi Regency on September 23, 2020, together with the Central Sulawesi Regional Police, successfully seized Class G prescription drugs, traditional medicines, and illegal cosmetics (BPOM Palu, 2022). The main cause of illegal drug circulation is the improper reuse of household drug waste, exploited by irresponsible parties. The use of illegal drugs, which may consist of counterfeit, damaged, or expired items, can endanger health and even lives. One crucial step to prevent this is by managing drug waste properly. Since 2019, BPOM has been conducting awareness campaigns such as "Beware of Illegal Drugs, Dispose of Drug Waste Properly" to educate the public on proper drug disposal (BPOM, 2019). Many people still don't understand the correct way to manage and dispose of expired drugs. Most of them throw these drugs into the trash, potentially fueling illegal drug reuse by irresponsible parties. Training and awareness efforts, such as those conducted in Kotapulu Village, Dolo District, Sigi Regency, are highly relevant. With better knowledge of proper drug management and disposal, it is hoped that communities can independently address drug waste issues, ultimately reducing the circulation of illegal drugs in the region. These activities are crucial for educating the public about the dangers of illegal drugs and the importance of proper drug waste management. The goal is to help reduce the circulation of illegal drugs, especially in Central Sulawesi, thereby safeguarding the overall health and safety of the community.
ANALISIS TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENAGA KEFARMASIAN DALAM MENCEGAH OBAT RUSAK DAN KADARLUARSA DI RSUD TORA BELO Ambianti, Nurul; Tandah, Muhamad Rinaldhi; Diana, Khusnul; Balqis, Ratu
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Vol 9 No 2 (2021): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2021.9.2.5135

Abstract

Abstract The defective and expired drugs are one of the problems that can reflect the inaccuracy and poor of drug management in a Hospital Pharmacy Unit (HPU). This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of pharmaceutical personnel in preventing defective and expired drugs at the Regional General Hospital (RGH) Tora Belo. This type of researched is a non-experimental study with cross sectional data collection. The data used are primary data obtained from the results of questionnaires that have been filled out by pharmacist at Tora Belo Hospital. The analysis used in this study is correlation analysis using the Spearman-Rho test, to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of pharmaceutical personnel in preventing defective and expired drugs. The number of samples is 33 people taken by total sampling. Time to collect research data during May-October 2020. From the results of the study, it is known that the level of knowledge of the respondents is dominated by the sufficient category, namely 17 respondents (71.1%), it is known that the attitude of the respondents was included in the very strong category of 18 respondents (85.78%), and the results of the correlation analysis the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of pharmaceutical personnel in preventing defective and expired drugs obtained a significance value of 0.021. So it can be concluded there is a relation between the level of knowledge and attitude of pharmaceutical workers in preventing defective and expired drugs at Tora Belo Hospital.
EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN DAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN VAKSIN COVID-19 DI DINAS KESEHATAN PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH Diana, Khusnul; Ekasandra, Nur; Tandah, Muhamad Rinaldhi
Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia 2023: JIFI: Webinar & call for paper
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36387/jifi.v6i3.1657

Abstract

The Health Department is responsible for distributing COVID-19 vaccines in the region. This research was conducted to evaluate the suitability of storage and distribution  in the warehouse of the Pharmaceutical Installation of the Central Sulawesi Health Department, following the guidelines set in the Director General of Disease Prevention and Control Decision Number Hk.02.02/4/1/2021. The research used observational and qualitative descriptive methods, collecting data within a specific period, using all COVID-19 vaccines stored in the Pharmaceutical Installation of the Central Sulawesi Health Department as the sample. The research results show  8 types of COVID-19 vaccines managed by the Central Sulawesi Health Department, divided into 3 groups: vaccines that must be stored at 2-8 ºC, vaccines that must be stored at -20 ºC, and vaccines that must be stored at -70ºC. All groups of vaccines comply with the guidelines at 100%. However, concerning distribution, the level of compliance hasn't reached 100%. The group of vaccines that must be stored at 2-8 ºC, the compliance percentage is 63.64%. Similarly, the group of vaccines that must be stored at -20 ºC, the compliance percentage is also 63.64%, and the group of vaccines that must be stored at -70 ºC, the compliance percentage reaches 69.23%.
ANALISIS BIAYA MEDIS LANGSUNG DAN TARIF INA-CBG’s PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIDAK TERGANTUNG INSULIN DI RSUD ANUTAPURA PALU Rinaldhi Tandah, Muhamad; Rhaudatul Janna, Rischa; Mallisa, Twulyenna; Khusnul Diana
Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 2023: Webinar Nasional & Call For Paper
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36387/jiis.v8i3.1667

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term disease with an increasing prevalence. Diabetes mellitus is one of the main causes of human morbidity and death and has a significant impact on health financing. Indonesia itself has implemented a national health insurance program that prioritizes effectiveness and cost efficiency. This study aims to determine the average direct medical costs, INA-CBG's rates, the suitability of direct medical costs and INA-CBG's as well as the influence of treatment class, severity, number of secondary diagnoses, and length of stay on the direct medical costs of diabetes mellitus patients at Anutapura Hospital Palu. This research is a descriptive observational study with retrospective data collection from medical records and files detailing patient care costs at Anutapura Hospital Palu in 2020 from the hospital's perspective. The sample used was BPJS inpatients with a primary diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (DMTTI) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 132 patients. Data were analyzed descriptively and to see the influence of variables on total costs, the Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used. The research results show that the average direct medical costs are IDR 2,751,449, the average INA-CBG's rate is IDR 4,505,508, so there is a mismatch between direct medical costs and INA CBG's. There is a significant influence partially or simultaneously and in a positive direction from the variables treatment class, severity, number of secondary diagnoses, and length of stay on direct medical costs.
MOTIVASI DAN SIKAPAPOTEKER DALAM PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN FARMASI DI APOTEK KOTA PALU Diana, Khusnul; Rinaldhi Tandah, Muhamad; Dibyo, Arya; Putri, Meliani
Jurnal Kefarmasian Akfarindo Vol 7 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Akademi Farmasi Indonesia Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37089/jofar.vi0.110

Abstract

Pharmaceutical supplies are the main commodity in the pharmaceutical sector in service facilities, one of which is a pharmacy. Controlling pharmaceutical supplies in pharmacies is one of the duties and responsibilities of a pharmacist managing a pharmacy (APA). The task can run well if the pharmacist has high motivation and a good attitude in controlling pharmaceutical inventory. This study aimed to measure the attitude and motivation of pharmacists in inventory control and how the influence of motivation on attitudes in managing pharmaceutical inventory in pharmacies. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with cross-sectional data collection. The sample used is pharmacist managing pharmacies (APA) in pharmacies in Palu City as many as 73 respondents. The attitude and motivation of pharmacists were measured using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the respondent's data were analyzed descriptively and a simple linear regression test. The outcome on the measurement of pharmacist motivation was dominated by the moderate category, with as many as 51 respondents (69.86%). The results of measuring the attitude of pharmacists in controlling pharmaceutical inventory in pharmacies are dominated in the good category as many as 36 respondents (49.32%). With a simple regression test, the tcount value is 0.783 (< ttable = 1.66), which means that there is no significant effect between motivation on the attitude of the pharmacist. The linear regression equation is Y=39,527+0,151X, meaning that if the motivation value increases by 1, the attitude will increase by 0.151. It can be concluded that the attitude in controlling pharmaceutical inventory by pharmacists in pharmacies is not influenced by motivation.