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Analysis of Mathematics Teachers’ Difficulties in Implementing Differentiated Learning under the Independent Curriculum Zendrato, Dedy Rahmat; Telaumbanua, Yakin Niat; Mendrofa, Ratna Natalia; Lase, Sadiana
Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): October - December 2025
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/kognitif.v5i4.3817

Abstract

Merdeka Curriculum promotes differentiated learning as a key strategy to address students’ diverse learning needs. However, a preliminary study at SMA Negeri 3 Gunungsitoli indicates that this approach has not been implemented consistently in mathematics classrooms. This study aims to describe how mathematics teachers apply differentiated learning and to analyze the difficulties they face and the factors influencing these difficulties within the Independent Curriculum. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis involving five mathematics teachers. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that teachers have begun to implement differentiation in content, process, and product. However, the implementation remains limited. Major difficulties include time management constraints, diverse student learning characteristics, and challenges in conducting initial diagnostic assessments. Contributing factors include limited facilities, insufficient teacher readiness, and a lack of structured professional training. These findings indicate that differentiated learning in mathematics is still at an early stage of implementation and requires systematic institutional support. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting context-specific challenges faced by mathematics teachers under the Independent Curriculum and provides practical implications for schools and policymakers in designing targeted professional development programs.
Impact of the Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition (AIR) Learning Model on Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Harefa, Indah Natalia; Telaumbanua, Yakin Niat; Mendrofa, Ratna Natalia; Mendrofa, Netti Kariani
Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): January - March 2026
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/kognitif.v6i1.3818

Abstract

Critical thinking is an essential skill in 21st-century mathematics education; however, Indonesian students still demonstrate low achievement in this domain. Preliminary observations at SMP Negeri 8 Gunungsitoli revealed that students’ mathematical critical thinking skills were not yet optimal, partly due to the predominance of conventional instructional approaches. This study examined the effect of the Auditory, Intellectually, and Repetition (AIR) learning model on students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. A quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design was employed, involving 60 seventh-grade students divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The research instrument was an essay-based mathematical critical thinking test consisting of three items, which demonstrated logical and empirical validity and satisfactory reliability. The results indicated that both groups had relatively comparable low baseline performance. After the intervention, the experimental group achieved a mean score of 71.80 (high category), whereas the control group reached only 39.80 (low category). An independent-samples t-test showed that t = 10.683 exceeded ttable = 1.672 (p < 0.05), with a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = 2.76). Simple linear regression analysis indicated that the AIR model accounted for 88.6% of the variance in students’ mathematical critical thinking skills (R² = 0.886). These findings confirm that the AIR learning model effectively enhances mathematical critical thinking by engaging students in listening activities, reflective intellectual processing, and repeated practice. This study contributes theoretically to the development of higher-order thinking-oriented mathematics instruction and offers practical implications for teachers and policymakers in promoting interactive, student-centered learning models.
Co-Authors Amin Otoni Harefa Andi Salfin Mendrofa Bakhtiar Alfin Angandrowa Hulu Bornok Sinaga Buulolo, Marnus Buulolo, Wining Helsavania Daeli, Veridiana Damai Sabari Zega Dwi Putri Farida Zebua Ernasari Zega Esti Jefriani Giaawa Fauzi , KMS Muhammad Amin Gea, Alfandy Gea, Desri Yanti Gea, Elvin Sri Sandy Gea, Harapan Giawa, Nurul Ihsani Gulo, Alfa Stephen Notatema Gulo, Anugerah Setiawan Gulo, Irwan Krisman Gulo, Rahmat Juang Gulo, Rido Eli Halawa, Fariyanto Halawa, Notarius Halawa, Putra Mei Anugrah Halawa, Sahabat Harefa, Indah Natalia Harefa, Yarman Sia Hasratuddin Hasratuddin Hati Murni Pasti Berkat Waruwu Hia, Oidika Mawarni Hulu, Friska Putri Magdalena Hulu, Krisnatal Hulu, Mitra Verolina Hulu, Putrawan Hulu, Wikari HULU, YOSANA Iman Saro Ndraha Iman Saro Ndraha Indahwati Bu’ulolo Izwita Dewi Jelvin Ardianti Lase KMS Muhammad Amin Fauzi Laia, Wasnidar Lase, Lisa Desi Mawati Lase, Rama'eli Lase, Sadar Riang Lase, Shinta Putri Angraeni Lase, Trisna Wahyu Ningsi Lawuna, Memori Putra Mendrofa, Ignasius Mendrofa, Sri Jernih Popy Yamin Mendrofa, Versily Mitra Novitri Waruwu Murni Hulu, Elvin Syah Nazara, Lilis Pretty Ndraha, Mei Tri Murni Ndruru, Jenni Indah Mitra NETTI KARIANI MENDOFA Nov Elhan Gea Pardomuan Sitompul Rama'eli Lase Rama’eli Lase Rintis Kharisna Putri Zega Rusmini Rusmini Sadiana Lase Salima Zai Seya Setia Zega Sibarani, Sariayu Simamora, Elmanani Sitompul , Pardomuan Telambanua, Yakin Niat Telaumbanua, Happy Rahmat Saro Telaumbanua, Ovitarni Telaumbanua, Reska Widyanti TELAUMBANUA, RESTI JULIANA Telaumbanua, Ruti Faeri Telaumbanua, Windi Diantari Telaumbanua, Yakin Niat Waruwu, Defitriani Waruwu, Juli Antonius Waruwu, Lilis Priska Waruwu, Nini Suryani Yulisman Zega Zai, Firman Pikir Zalukhu, Junitariang Zalukhu, Lidia Ida Zalukhu, Putri Wulandari Zebua, Boy Arwin Zebua, Jhoni Ardiman Zebua, Niscayarida Kristin Zebua, Siska Yanti Zebua, Syukur Marno Life Zebua, Vance Gunawan Zega, Desman Anugrah Zega, Esther Purnama Sari Zendrato, Dedy Rahmat Zendrato, Niat Wati