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Optimasi Pengendalian PID pada Load Frequency Control Menggunakan Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm Gilang Esa Muhammad; Rifqi Firmansyah
JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026): Vol 15 No 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jte.v15n3.p238-248

Abstract

Load Frequency Control (LFC) is an important part of the electrical power system that functions to maintain frequency stability when load changes occur. Frequency instability can reduce system reliability and disrupt the performance of connected equipment. One common method to improve system stability is to use a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. However, conventional PID parameter tuning often fails to produce optimal performance. This study aims to optimize PID control parameters using the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA), a metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the flight and foraging behavior of hummingbirds. The implementation was carried out using MATLAB with the Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function to minimize system errors. The AHA algorithm was modified to display the evolution of fitness values and convergence to the optimal solution during the iteration process. The simulation results show that the PID controller optimized with AHA is capable of producing a faster system response, has lower Overshoot, and achieves a more stable condition compared to conventional methods. These findings prove that the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm is an effective and efficient optimization method for tuning PID control parameters in Load Frequency Control systems.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM MONITORING DAN PROTEKSI GANGGUAN INTERNAL BERBASIS IoT PADA CAPACITOR BANK Windra Choirul Pratama; Endryansyah Endryansyah; Rifqi Firmansyah
JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol. 15 No. 3 (2026): Vol 15 No 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jte.v15n3.p249-256

Abstract

Capacitor banks are used in industrial electrical systems to improve power factor and voltage stability. However, internal disturbances such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and overheating can reduce reliability and increase the risk of equipment damage. This study develops an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and protection system for capacitor banks using an ESP32 microcontroller. The prototype integrates a ZMPT101B AC voltage sensor, ACS712 AC current sensor, DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, relay, buzzer, LCD, and Blynk dashboard. The ESP32 reads the sensors in real time, compares the measurements with predefined thresholds, and activates alarm and relay protection when abnormal conditions are detected. Testing showed that the system could monitor voltage, current, and temperature continuously, visualize data locally and remotely, and support automatic protection against internal electrical faults. During normal observation, voltage ranged from 220.05 V to 224.62 V, current from 10.56 A to 63.73 A, and temperature from 28.96 °C to 35.63 °C. The proposed system provides practical remote supervision and early fault response for capacitor bank panels.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Abdilla Eka Prasetya Aditama, Maulana Rizki Aditya Rendra Pratama Althobiti, Ahmad Andi Fatmawati Arif Widodo Aristyawan Putra Nurdiansyah Aurizal Brelian Bagaskara, Satria . Bagus Rio Rynaldo Bambang Suprianto . Bobie Suhendra Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Dandy Risfanto Huri Dwi Anggorowati Rahayu Edy Sulistiyo Edy Sulistiyo Ely, Muhammad Nasir Endryansyah Endryansyah F., Muhammad Rafli Farid Baskoro Fida Jazilatur Rohma Firmansyah Nur Budiman, Firmansyah Nur Fransisca, Yulia G., Prayuda A. Gilang Esa Muhammad Habib Brilian Wicaksono Hapsari Peni Heri Ardiansyah Hidayat, Taufal I Gusti Putu Asto I Gusti Putu Asto Buditjahjanto Ibrohim Ismet Basuki Jumiyatun, Jumiyatun K., Mochamad Masnur Khairunnisa Mansur kukuh dermawan Lilik Anifah Lusia Rakhmawati M., Muhammad Badruddin A. Mahendra Widyartono Miftahur Rohman Miftakhul Hidayatullah As-Sidqi Muhamad Ma'sum Muhamad Syariffuddien Zuhrie Muhammad Hildan Saputra Mustakim, Zainal Nanda Eka Saputra Naufal Maulana Fahmi Nungky Ibrahim Nurdiansyah, Arityawan Putra Nurhayati Nurhayati Parama Diptya Widayaka Prasetya, Abdilla Eka Pressa P. S. Saputra Pressa Perdana Surya Saputra Puput Wanarti Rusimamto Purnomo, Yondra Adi Riansyah Aras Tanjung Riko Amiruddin Rohma, Fida Jazilatur Rudi Uswarman Rynaldo, Bagus Rio Saputra, Pressa P. S. Sari Cahyaningtias Sari Cahyaningtias Satria . Bagaskara Sayyidul Aulia Alamsyah Shabrina Putri Maghfira Shafiudin, Sofyan Sofyan Shafiudin Tan Suryani Sollu Tri Rijanto Tri Rijanto Tri Wrahatnolo Triawan Nugroho Unit Three Kartini Wahyu Cahya Putra Windra Choirul Pratama Yuli Sutoto Nugroho Yuli Sutoto Nugroho Yulia Fransisca