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All Journal Al-Ahkam Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dusturiah : Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial Al-Mashlahah: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial Islamika : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam EKONOMIKA SYARIAH : Journal of Economic Studies Al Hurriyah : Jurnal Hukum Islam ISLAM TRANSFORMATIF : Journal of Islamic Studies Perada: Jurnal Studi Islam Kawasan Melayu EKONOMIKA SYARIAH : Journal of Economic Studies Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies Al Hurriyah : Jurnal Hukum Islam Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) Kanun: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Al Muhkam: Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence
Ismail
Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Antara Matrilineal dan Faraidh: Negosiasi Otoritas dan Pergeseran Pola Penyelesaian Sengketa Waris di Minangkabau Mella Yolanda Sari; Ismail Ismail
Islamika : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Islamika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman (In Press)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Kerinci, Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32939/islamika.v26i1.6991

Abstract

This study examines the dynamic tension between Minangkabau matrilineal customary law and Islamic inheritance law (faraidh) in resolving inheritance disputes, with Nagari Alahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency as the case study. Employing a qualitative field research approach within a legal pluralism framework (Griffiths, 1986; Hooker, 1975), data were gathered through in-depth interviews with ninik mamak, religious figures, the nagari leader, and community members directly involved in disputes, conducted in February 2026. The findings reveal three forms of inheritance disputes reflecting escalating severity: misappropriation of pusaka property by mamak figures, unauthorized transfer of communal ulayat land triggering mass protests in 2023, and disputes escalating into criminal acts, notably an arson case. The findings further document a shift in dispute resolution patterns: while customary mechanisms through the bajanjang naik batanggo turun principle remain effective in approximately 70% of cases, escalating economic pressures and generational divergence in understanding faraidh are increasingly bypassing traditional mediation and forcing disputes into the criminal justice system. Both systems share substantive convergence in prioritizing deliberation (musyawarah), justice, and social harmony, reflected in the philosophical principle of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah. Contributing to legal pluralism scholarship, this study empirically identifies the structural conditions under which integration of both systems succeeds or fails: effective dispute resolution requires the simultaneous involvement of ninik mamak and ulama from the earliest stage of conflict, supported by written documentation of deliberation outcomes and improved inheritance law literacy in the community.
LARANGAN NIKAH DENGAN ORANG DI BAWAH LUTUT PERSPEKTIF FIKIH MUNAKAHAT (Studi Atas Adat Perkawinan di Jorong Tanjung Medan, Nagari Biaro Gadang, Ampek Angkek, Agam) Minda Hayati; Ismail Ismail
Al Muhkam: Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Al Muhkam: Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence
Publisher : KIPS Institute Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65980/almuhkam.v1i1.21

Abstract

Adat (‘urf) pada dasarnya merupakan realitas sosial dan konsekuensi logis dari kehidupan manusia sebagai makhluk sosial dan budaya. Dalam perspektif agama, adat (‘urf) juga diakui keabsahannya sebagai dasar bagi proses istinbath hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik adat di Jorong Tanjung Medan, Nagari Biaro Gadang yang menerapkan larangan adat menikahi orang di bawah lutut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari wawancara dengan ketua marga dan beberapa anggota masyarakat, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai buku, jurnal, dan artikel ilmiah yang terkait dengan pembahasan. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa larangan menikahi orang di bawah lutut adalah larangan menikahi orang dari strata rendah yang biasa disebut orang di bawah lutut yang dulunya bekerja sebagai buruh kasar, pekerja berupah rendah, atau buruh tani. Larangan ini disertai dengan sanksi bagi pelanggarnya berupa denda sebesar 1 ekor kerbau. Latar belakang lahirnya aturan ini merupakan bentuk upaya pencegahan yang dilakukan oleh para ninik mamak di masa lalu agar anak-anak dan keponakannya tidak hidup dalam kesusahan setelah menikah, sebab apabila mereka menikah dengan orang di bawah lutut yang kesulitan memenuhi kebutuhannya sendiri, maka tentu saja akan membawa mudharat bagi anak-anak dan keponakannya. Oleh karena itu, larangan ini terbentuk. Dari perspektif fiqh munakahat, tampak bahwa larangan adat ini sesuai dengan konsep kafaah dalam hukum perkawinan Islam, dimana Islam dalam hal perkawinan juga menekankan pentingnya kesetaraan termasuk dalam hal harta (ekonomi). Akan tetapi, dalam kondisi saat ini, dimana kesempatan untuk meraih kehidupan yang lebih baik terbuka bagi siapa saja, seharusnya pelaksanaan adat ini disamakan dan dijalankan seketat seperti sebelumnya.
Human Rights and Customary Law Analysis: Uncovering the Exploitation of Children and Women in Developing Countries Gafnel Gafnel; Ismail Ismail; Yaswirman Yaswirman
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v2i2.325

Abstract

The research aims to highlight how traditional practices and norms, often ingrained in customary laws, contribute to systematic abuses and human rights violations. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, this study combines legal analysis, sociocultural examination, and case studies from various developing countries to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue. Through qualitative methods, including interviews with affected individuals, reviews of existing legal frameworks, and analysis of human rights reports, the research identifies key patterns and factors that perpetuate exploitation. The findings reveal that while customary laws play a significant role in community governance and cultural identity, they often conflict with international human rights standards, leading to the marginalization and abuse of vulnerable groups, particularly children and women. Specific customary practices such as child marriages, forced labor, and gender-based violence are scrutinized to demonstrate the pervasive nature of these violations. The study underscores the urgent need for integrating human rights principles into customary legal systems to protect the most vulnerable and promote justice. Recommendations include comprehensive policy reforms that align customary laws with international human rights standards, education and awareness campaigns targeted at both local communities and policymakers, and the establishment of robust mechanisms for monitoring and enforcing human rights compliance within customary law frameworks. This research contributes to the broader discourse on human rights in developing countries by providing actionable insights and advocating for a balanced approach that respects cultural traditions while safeguarding fundamental human rights.
Comparative Analysis of Islamic Family Law and Customary Law in the Settlement of Inheritance Disputes in Indonesia Utama Wardi; Yaswirman Yaswirman; Ismail Ismail; Gafnel Gafnel
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v3i1.330

Abstract

The settlement of inheritance disputes in Indonesia is a complex issue involving various legal systems, including Islamic family law and customary law. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis between these two legal systems in the context of inheritance dispute resolution. This research employs a qualitative approach with case study methods, examining court decisions, interviews with legal practitioners, and a review of relevant legal literature.The findings show that Islamic family law, based on Sharia principles, has a formal structure and stricter procedures in resolving inheritance disputes. On the other hand, customary law is more flexible, emphasizing deliberation and consensus, and adapting to local norms and cultural contexts. These differences often create tension and jurisdictional conflicts, especially in cases where the parties involved come from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds.The research also explores the challenges faced in the application of these legal systems, such as the lack of public awareness regarding their rights and institutional and bureaucratic obstacles. The findings are expected to provide deeper insights for legal practitioners, academics, and policymakers in strengthening a more just and inclusive inheritance dispute resolution system in Indonesia. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each system, it is hoped that solutions can be found that integrate positive elements from both legal systems to create a more effective and equitable mechanism for resolving inheritance disputes.
Childfree by Choice: Competing Perspectives from Islamic Law, Indonesian Law, and Human Rights Ilham Masri; Ismail Ismail; M. Zainal Muttaqin
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v5i1.1791

Abstract

This study aims to examine the legal status of childfree by choice in Indonesia by analyzing the competing perspectives of Islamic law, Indonesian law, and human rights, while identifying areas of convergence, divergence, and potential harmonization among these normative frameworks. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. Primary legal materials include the Qur’an, Hadith, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Marriage Law, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), international human rights instruments, and classical and contemporary Islamic legal literature, supported by scholarly publications and relevant judicial decisions. The findings demonstrate that Islamic law generally recognizes procreation as an important objective of marriage but allows contextual legal reasoning in exceptional circumstances. Indonesian law neither explicitly prohibits nor formally recognizes childfree by choice, leaving its legal status subject to interpretation within the existing legal framework. In contrast, the human rights perspective emphasizes reproductive autonomy as a fundamental right, provided its exercise remains consistent with legal obligations and the rights of others. The study concludes that the legal assessment of childfree by choice requires an integrated approach that balances religious principles, national legal norms, and human rights standards rather than relying exclusively on a single legal framework. This study contributes to contemporary Islamic family law scholarship by developing a comparative analytical framework for understanding voluntary childlessness, enriching interdisciplinary legal discourse, and providing normative references for legal reform, judicial interpretation, and public policymaking concerning emerging family issues in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Abdulramae Sulong Afrinaldi Afrinaldi Albert Albert Anne Putri Asri Handayani Beni Firdaus Busyro, Busyro Dahyul Daipon Edi Rosman Edi Rosman Edi Rosman Endri Yenti Fahmil Huda Dinil Futra Fajrul Wadi Firdaus Firdaus Fitria Astari Gafnel Gafnel Gusril Basir Hamdani Hamdani Heru Aulia Azman Ilham Masri Irwandi Irwandi Iswantir M M. Zainal Muttaqin Maizul Imran Mella Yolanda Sari Minda Hayati Mohd Nasran bin Mohamad Mohd Nasran Mohamad Muhammad Fazli Muhiddinur Kamal Muhiddinur Kamal Nofiardi, Nofiardi Pendi Hasibuan Rahmiati Rahmiati Rahmiati Rezi, Muhamad Sarwo Derta Selfia Marlina Sindi Sinora Tarihoran, Adlan Sanur Utama Wardi Wedra Aprison Yaswirman, Yaswirman Zainir Zainir