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Journal : Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

Legality, Proportionality and Protection in Public Order Enforcement by Satpol PP in Batam, Indonesia Irwan, Irwan; Maileni, Dwi Afni; Bhakti, Rizki Tri Anugrah; Kelvin, Edwar
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i2.2022

Abstract

This study examines the interplay of legality, proportionality and rights protection in enforcement operations conducted by the Satpol PP in Batam, Indonesia. Local-order enforcement against violations of regional regulations often triggers contestation because it intersects with livelihoods, property interests and security while simultaneously demanding effective public-order governance. The research aims to assess whether enforcement actions comply with applicable mandates and procedural requirements; evaluate how proportionality is applied in selecting measures, escalating interventions and using force; and map available safeguards and remedies for affected residents. A socio-legal case-study design is employed, combining document analysis, field observation and semi-structured interviews with Satpol PP officers, local government units, street vendors and business actors and civil-society representatives. Findings suggest legality is generally satisfied at the level of formal authority, yet procedural weaknesses persist in advance notice, record-keeping, transparency of decision-making and post-operation accountability. Proportionality is not consistently operationalized, particularly regarding the least restrictive option, clear escalation stages and standards on the use of force. Rights protection for impacted communities remains dependent on discretion, with complaint channels and restitution mechanisms insufficiently accessible, especially for vulnerable groups. The study recommends strengthening rights-based SOPs, institutionalizing proportionality training, improving documentation and supervisory controls and providing accessible complaint, mediation and relocation-support pathways. More broadly, inter-agency coordination and performance metrics should prioritize voluntary compliance and reduced grievances, not merely the number of operations, to enhance legitimacy and protect citizens in governance.
Digitalization of Regional Regulation Enforcement: A Legal Review of the Use of Information Technology by Batam City's Public Order Agency (Satpol PP) Syamhudi, Tedy; Sakti, Indra; Maileni, Dwi Afni; Riyanto, Agus
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i3.2052

Abstract

The advancement of information technology has led to substantial transformations in government, particularly in the enforcement of regional regulations by the Public Order Agency (Satpol PP). The digitalization of regional regulation enforcement exemplifies the application of e-government principles, intended to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of regulatory enforcement personnel at the regional level. This study aims to examine the legal framework governing the Satpol PP's use of information technology in executing its regional regulatory enforcement duties. The research involved an analysis of pertinent laws and regulations, including Law Number 23 of 2014 regarding Regional Government, Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 16 of 2023 on Guidelines for the Nomenclature of Regional Apparatuses in Public Order, Security, and Community Protection, as well as associated policies regulating the application of information technology within the regional government framework. The findings of this study are anticipated to enhance the evolution of administrative law in the digital age, specifically in fortifying the legal framework for the enforcement of information technology-based regional regulations. The research findings are anticipated to offer recommendations for regional governments on formulating policies aligned with the principles of good governance, ensuring that digitalization not only expedites law enforcement processes but also safeguards citizens' rights and legal certainty in their execution. Most crucially, this study finds that the legal legitimacy of digital enforcement is conditioned by privacy-compliant governance: when Batam's Satpol PP processes complaint, surveillance, or violation data without sufficiently specific derivative rules on access, retention, and accountability, the efficiency gains of e-government risk colliding with citizens' privacy rights and weakening legal certainty.
Discretion of Public Order Agency (Satpol PP) in Enforcing Regional Regulations: A Normative Review of Conditions, Limits and Accountability Nasar, Muhammad; Bhakti, Rizki Tri Anugrah; Maileni, Dwi Afni; Sakti, Indra
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i3.2054

Abstract

This study aims to formulate the legal basis for the Public Order Agency (Satpol PP) discretion in enforcing regional regulations, focusing on the distinction between routine and discretionary authority, the conditions for exercising discretion, normative limits, and the legal accountability model. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are analyzed through legal interpretation, systematic reasoning, and legal argumentation to develop operational parameters for testing discretion in the practice of enforcing regional regulations. The results show that the main problem does not lie in the existence of discretion, but rather in the absence of consistent parameters for assessing the validity, limits, and accountability of its use. The study produced six main findings, namely the classification of Satpol PP actions between routine and discretionary authority; formal and material conditions for the use of discretion; a matrix for testing the limits of discretion based on legality, general principles of good governance (AUPB), the purpose of authority and proportionality; a typology of risks of deviation; a legal accountability model; and the operational flow of discretion as a framework for institutional evaluation. The findings confirm that the Public Order Agency (Satpol PP)discretion remains legitimate within the framework of a state governed by law, provided it is based on clear authority, a documented rationale, appropriate position objectives, and verifiable accountability mechanisms. This research contributes to strengthening regional administrative law and improving governance to achieve more measurable and accountable regional regulatory enforcement. More specifically, the primary novelty of this study lies in the formulation of an operational flow of Satpol PP discretion that translates abstract principles of legality, AUPB, purpose of authority, proportionality, documentation, and correction into a sequential decision-making framework that can be applied institutionally in daily regional regulation enforcement.
The Role of Satpol PP in Handling Buskers and Beggars in Batam City Lumbantobing, Devi Emelda Br; Maileni, Dwi Afni; Bhakti, Rizki Tri Anugrah; Hutasoit, Isfandir
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i3.2055

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of the Batam’s Satpol PP in handling buskers, vagrants and beggars from an administrative law perspective. The study focuses on operational actions, cross-agency coordination patterns, and implementation constraints that affect the sustainability of enforcement outcomes in public spaces. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and reviews of policy and administrative documents, analyzed using thematic analysis, strengthening trustworthiness through source and technique triangulation, audit trails, and adequate context descriptions. The results indicate that enforcement practices in Batam utilize a hybrid enforcement pattern, combining persuasive approaches, administrative actions, and situational enforcement according to the field context. Satpol PP plays a crucial role as a liaison between agencies, but its long-term effectiveness is limited by inconsistent referral channels, varying social service capacity, and a weak post-enforcement follow-up mechanism. The findings emphasize that the success of enforcement is not solely measured by the immediate restoration of order, but rather by the legality of actions, procedural proportionality, quality of coordination, and the sustainability of social impacts. The research contributes to strengthening administrative law studies by showing that effective handling requires integration between norm enforcement, social protection, and the design of more institutionalized cross-agency collaboration.