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ETHNOBOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTONYMS AND PLANT-RELATED GLOSSES MENTIONED IN BUJANGGA MANIK, A PRE-ISLAMIC SUNDANESE TEXT (15TH CENTURY JAVA, INDONESIA) Mulyanto, Dede; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat; Iskandar, Johan; Indrawardana, Ira; Aufa, Ari Abi
REINWARDTIA Vol 22, No 2 (2023): Volume 22, No 2 (2023): Reinwardtia
Publisher : Research Center for Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/reinwardtia.2023.4608

This study aimed to identify and analyze ethnobotanical data on phytonym, utilization, and cultural value of plants mentioned in an Old Sundanese text. Since plants are mentioned with their vernacular names, identification was based on an exhaustive bibliographical search of the respective scientific name. A comprehensive investigation led to the identification of a total of 85 Old Sundanese phytonyms, which represented vernacular names for 79 distinct plant species. Furthermore, by considering the number of identified species from the plant-related glosses, 93 species belonging to 57 genera and 44 plant families were registered. Among these plant families, Arecaceae (12 species), Poaceae (nine species), and Fabaceae (six species) exhibited the highest number of identified species. In addition to the phytonyms, 36 phytotoponyms, which utilize vernacular phytonyms to designate settlements, hermitages, ports, mountains, and rivers were identified. It was worth noting that the majority of the plants associated with these phytotoponyms were indigenous. Meanwhile, only 13 species were traced back to the pre-Columbian exchange period during the Austronesian migration and the Indianization-Sinicization era in IndoMalayan history. The result showed that the predominantly mentioned utilization included beverage production, textile manufacturing, vessel craftsmanship, betel quid preparation, perfume creation, and incense production. Among the identified species, Areca catechu emerges as the most frequently mentioned in the text, along with Graptophyllum pictum and Cordyline fruticosa, which were also considered as possessing profound spiritual value due to association with heavenly realms. Furthermore, the text highlighted that the production of plant-based fragrance products, also referenced in the celestial domain, held significant prominence in global trade during the 15th century

DAM DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS: A CASE STUDY IN JATIGEDE DAM, SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA Suwartapradja, Opan Suhendi; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat; Mulyanto, Dede; Iskandar, Johan
Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Vol 8, No 2 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/agrisocionomics.v8i2.20702

The Jatigede Dam construction project has caused many residents in the inundation area of the Jatigede reservoir to move to new areas. The affected households by the Jatigede Dam in new places must adapt to obtain sources of income for food and other necessities. This research aims to elucidate the agroecosystem production, off-farm jobs, and food adequacy and food security of the affected people of Jatigede Dam in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemah Village. The research method used was a combination of qualitative and quantitative. The results revealed that the affected households of the Jatigede Dam Development Project who live in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemaah Village, have less agricultural land ownership such as rice fields, mixed gardens and home gardens than before the Jatigede Dam existed. Consequently, some of the affected households of Jatigede Dam, they are also involved in various off-farm jobs. Based on food security, it shows that the affected people of Jatigede Dam in Jatimekar Hamlet, Jemah Village are in a vulnerable condition, due to low family income, and farming also faces various problems, such as water scarcity in the dry season and agricultural inputs, such as inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and plant seeds have high price.

FLORA OF ANCIENT JAVA: IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES, LANDSCAPE DISTRIBUTION, AND CULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF PLANTS MENTIONED IN OLD JAVANESE RAMAYANA MULYANTO, DEDE; ISKANDAR, BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT; ISKANDAR, JOHAN; WIYANTI, DEDE TRESNA
REINWARDTIA Vol 23, No 2 (2024): Reinwardtia
Publisher : Research Center for Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/reinwardtia.2024.4821

We searched the Old Javanese Ramayana as historical ethnobotanical resource and identified all references to plants and their biological references. Our analysis of plant names, landscape distributions, uses, and cultural associations in Java more than 1,000 years ago, includes trees and shrubs that appear in descriptions of landscapes, urban environments, forest hermitages, and uninhabited forested mountains. Of the 2,802 stanzas, only 198 stanzas (7.06%) mention plant names, with a total of 466 plant citations. Of all plant citations, we found 232 Old Javanese plant names, of which 230 had botanical references identified. These identified plant names refer to 204 spe-cies belonging to 76 plant families. The plant families with the most described species are Fabaceae (20 species), Po-aceae (11 species), and Moraceae (11 species). Of the 204 species identified, 114 are native to Java Island, 90 are non-native plants. Of the 232 Old Javanese plant names, 190 (81.89%) are of Javanese origin or have Proto-Austronesian or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian roots and show lexical similarity to the plant names in modern languages closely related to the Javanese. The plant species with the highest SDR value related to landscape description are the non-native plants Saraca asoca and Mangifera indica. The author of Old Javanese Ramayana not only knows the names of many plants and their uses, but also the characteristics of plants such as size, colour, taste, and habitat. The discovery con-firms previous scholar’s speculation that while the place names in the Old Javanese epics are Indian, the botanic ele-ments of these places is primarily Javanese

Local knowledge of the Sundanese community on traditional foods to enhance the family food security Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat; Iskandar, Johan; Mulyanto, Dede; Aliifah , Felicia
ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/etnosia.v8i1.24461

Sundanese people in rural West Java have a rich the local knowledge on a variety of traditional foods. However, studies on the local knowledge of Sundanese rural communities on the variety of traditional foods are still rare. The objective of this article is to elucidate the local knowledge of Cijambu Village community, Tanjungsari Sub-district, Sumedang District, West Java, on the traditional foods. The method used in this study was qualitative with Gastronomic Ethnobiological approach. It may be defined as the study of the complex interactions between human societies, food, and their environment. The result of study showed that there are at least 26 types of traditional foods that are usually created by the local community of Cijambu Village. The producing of a variety of traditional foods is based on local knowledge of the rural people as a result of inheritance from one generation to another. The basic ingredients for creating a variety of traditional foods are mainly used various plants that are produced from village agroecosystem. At least 39 species of plants representing 21 families are predominantly used to create 26 types of traditional food of Cijambu village community. Almost all of those plants are obtained from the production of various village agroecosystems of Cijambu, including homegarden, upland field, and wet-rice fields. The existence of a variety of traditional foods in rural areas, in addition to maintaining the identity of the village traditional food cultures, is also important to support food security in rural areas.

FLORA OF ANCIENT JAVA: IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES, LANDSCAPE DISTRIBUTION, AND CULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF PLANTS MENTIONED IN OLD JAVANESE RAMAYANA MULYANTO, DEDE; ISKANDAR, BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT; ISKANDAR, JOHAN; WIYANTI, DEDE TRESNA
REINWARDTIA Vol 23, No 2 (2024): Reinwardtia
Publisher : Research Center for Biology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/reinwardtia.2024.4821

We searched the Old Javanese Ramayana as historical ethnobotanical resource and identified all references to plants and their biological references. Our analysis of plant names, landscape distributions, uses, and cultural associations in Java more than 1,000 years ago, includes trees and shrubs that appear in descriptions of landscapes, urban environments, forest hermitages, and uninhabited forested mountains. Of the 2,802 stanzas, only 198 stanzas (7.06%) mention plant names, with a total of 466 plant citations. Of all plant citations, we found 232 Old Javanese plant names, of which 230 had botanical references identified. These identified plant names refer to 204 spe-cies belonging to 76 plant families. The plant families with the most described species are Fabaceae (20 species), Po-aceae (11 species), and Moraceae (11 species). Of the 204 species identified, 114 are native to Java Island, 90 are non-native plants. Of the 232 Old Javanese plant names, 190 (81.89%) are of Javanese origin or have Proto-Austronesian or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian roots and show lexical similarity to the plant names in modern languages closely related to the Javanese. The plant species with the highest SDR value related to landscape description are the non-native plants Saraca asoca and Mangifera indica. The author of Old Javanese Ramayana not only knows the names of many plants and their uses, but also the characteristics of plants such as size, colour, taste, and habitat. The discovery con-firms previous scholar’s speculation that while the place names in the Old Javanese epics are Indian, the botanic ele-ments of these places is primarily Javanese

ASPEK SOSIO-LEGAL DAN KULTURAL KERJA DAN PASAR TENAGA KERJA PADA PERTANIAN SAYURAN BERSKALA KECIL: KASUS DARI PEGUNUNGAN BANDUNG Maulana, Rizky; Wiranova, Alissa; Kusmayanti, Hazar; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat
Responsive: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi, Sosial, Humaniora Dan Kebijakan Publik Vol 8, No 1 (2025): Responsive: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi, Sosial, Humaniora Dan
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/responsive.v8i1.62248

Penelitian ini mengkaji paduan antara logika mekanisme pasar serta aspek sosiokultural yang ada pada pasar tenaga kerja agrikultural di Desa Cikembang, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Melalui survei yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara mendalam, penelitian ini menghasilkan deskripsi atas jenis tenaga kerja. Pertama, sumber tenaga kerja pertanian didominasi atas perpaduan antara anggota rumah tangga dan buruh upahan. Penghitungan upah atasnya didasarkan dua bentuk kuantifikasi, yaitu durasi kerja yang terwujud lewat damel harian dengan 6 jam waktu kerja, serta damel borongan yang dihitung berdasarkan satuan kilogram berat angkutan hasil panen. Kedua, sistem kontrak pada tenaga kerja pertanian mengindikasikan bahwa buruh lepas mendominasi pasar Cikembang yang dipekerjakan berbasiskan klientalisasi. Ketiga, terdapat buruh tani khusus dengan keahlian spesifik yang didasarkan atas kebutuhan dari komoditi tani seperti kegiatan nilas untuk panen kubis, ngaramas di kebun kubis dan wortel, serta nyulikat di kebun bawang daun, dan keterjalan medan lahan seperti pada pekerjaan jaga kebun dan ojek gunung. Keempat, gender menjadi penentu pembagian kerja, misalnya perempuan untuk pekerjaan yang memerlukan ketekunan serta laki-laki pada pekerjaan yang membutuhkan tenaga fisik ekstra. Selain itu, perpaduan aspek moral dan logika pasar juga menjadi pertimbangan untuk mempekerjakan banyak buruh perempuan karena kebutuhan atas kopi dan rokok ditiadakan sehingga menekan biaya produksi. This study explores the intersection of market logic and sociocultural dynamics in the agricultural labor market of Cikembang Village, Bandung Regency, West Java. Combining surveys and in-depth interviews, the research identifies key characteristics of labor organization in the region. First, agricultural labor comprises both household members and wage workers. Wages are calculated either by duration (damel harian, with a six-hour workday) or output (damel borongan, based on kilograms of harvested produce). Second, the labor market is dominated by casual workers employed through clientelistic ties. Third, a subset of workers possesses crop-specific or terrain-specific skills, such as nilas (cabbage harvesting), ngaramas (work in cabbage and carrot fields), nyulikat (scallion fields), as well as roles suited to steep landscapes, like garden watchkeeping (jaga kebon) and mountain motorcycle transport (ojek gunung). Fourth, gender also influences labor division: women are typically assigned detail-oriented tasks, while men handle physically demanding work. Moreover, economic rationale intersects with moral considerations, as female labor is often preferred due to lower auxiliary costs—namely the absence of demands for coffee and cigarettes.

Widowhood, Ex-Affinal Relationships, and Social Perceptions: A Case Study of Sundanese Muslim Women in Rural West Java, Indonesia Mahira, Khansa; Mulyanto, Dede; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat
Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya Vol 10 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : the Faculty of Ushuluddin, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jw.v10i1.39614

This article explores the social perception of widows from an Islamic perspective, the various types of relationships between widows and their ex-affines, and the factors shaping these relationships among Sundanese Muslims in rural West Java. Employing a qualitative research design with a case study approach, the study engaged religious leaders and six widows who had diverse experiences with their ex-affinal kin. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participant observations. The findings reveal that social perceptions of widows, as informed by Islamic teachings, are rooted in Qur’anic references; however, these teachings are not consistently reflected in actual practices within Cikembang Village. Instead, the findings align with existing literature on Muslim widows in other Southeast Asian contexts. The study identified three types of the widow–ex-affinal relationships: (1) positive—characterised by continued closeness, such as becoming friends or being regarded as a daughter; (2) negative—marked by hostility or estrangement, such as being treated as a hostile neighbour or stranger; and (3) neutral—defined by a distanced yet peaceful coexistence, such as simply being neighbours. Several factors influenced these relationship dynamics: (1) the nature of the previous personal bond, (2) the widow's age and adherence to cultural and religious principles, and (3) the birthplace of the deceased husband and the current residence of the in-laws. The classification of these relationships largely depended on the widow's post-marital situation and her interpretation of Islamic teachings. Overall, the findings offer valuable insights for developing culturally sensitive support systems for Muslim widows and contribute original perspectives to kinship studies in Southeast Asian anthropology. Specifically, this research sheds light on widow–ex-affinal relations within bilateral kinship systems—a context that remains underexplored in Indonesian Muslim communities.

Post-Marital Relationships Between Widow and Her Ex- Affines Among The Sundanese in Rural West Java Mahira, Khansa; Mulyanto, Dede; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat
Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/komunitas.v17i1.10958

This article explores different types of relationships between widows and their ex-affines and explains the different factors of these relationships among the Sundanese people in rural West Java. The study was conducted by six widows with different experiences of their relationships with their ex-affinal kin using qualitative research methods with a case study approach. For this purpose, in-depth interviews and observational studies were conducted. Based on the results, we conclude that in the context of involuntary endogamous marriages, the relationship between widows and their ex-affinal kin takes the form of (1) friendship, (2) fictive daughter, (3) just another neighbor, (4) hostile neighbor, and (5) total stranger. These results are supported by factors such as (1) past personal relationships between the two people, (2) dependency on old age and social values in elderly care, and (3) the place of origin and residence of ex-husband. The nature of the relationships with ex-affine is not consistent across all categories. Ultimately, the classification of these relationships depends on the widow's specific situation after divorce or the death of her husband.

Walking Down Memory Lane: Paternalistic Acts of Colonial Cinchona Plantation in Bandung Wiranova, Alissa; Mulyanto, Dede; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat
Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi Vol 9, No 1 (2025): November
Publisher : Prodi Antropologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/endogami.9.1.%p

This study examines how local residents living near the former Dutch colonial cinchona plantation in Cikembang Village, West Java maintain collective memories of this history through both physical structures and oral traditions. Through ethnohistorical research method, the investigation reveals that local residents' narratives demonstrate a strong connection to the plantation system, largely resulting from the paternalistic labor control practices in the past. The research concludes that these paternalistic relationships served more complex purposes than simply providing basic needs and imposing moral codes—they were deliberately implemented as a strategic mechanism to secure a consistent and dependable plantation workforce over time.

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