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All Journal Heca Journal of Applied Sciences Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Ekonomikalia Journal of Economics Journal of Educational Management and Learning Infolitika Journal of Data Science Indatu Journal of Management and Accounting The International Journal of Financial Systems Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies Journal of Future Artificial Intelligence and Technologies
Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences Other

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Agrochemicals, GHG Emissions, and GDP in Southeast Asia: A Machine Learning Approach with Hierarchical Clustering Fazli, Qalbin Salim; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig; Hilal, Iin Shabrina; Hafizah, Iffah; Hardi, Irsan; Noviandy, Teuku Rizky
Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjbes.v2i2.93

Abstract

Agrochemical use, GHG emissions, and gross domestic product (GDP) vary widely across Southeast Asia, making the region suitable for cluster-based sustainability analysis. This study applies hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) to classify nine Southeast Asian countries using four standardized indicators: pesticide use, nitrogen fertilizer use, GHG emissions, and GDP. Exploratory data analysis reveals significant disparities, with Brunei and Indonesia emerging as outliers due to exceptionally high input intensity and emissions, respectively. HCA identifies four distinct clusters: (1) low-input, low-emission economies (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar); (2) moderately intensive systems (Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam); (3) a high-pesticide profile (Brunei); and (4) a high-emission, high-output outlier (Indonesia). Principal Component Analysis confirms the cluster structure and highlights variation in emission efficiency. The findings show that similar agroecological contexts can yield divergent environmental outcomes, emphasizing the role of policy and technology. This study provides the first region-wide, data-driven typology of agricultural sustainability in Southeast Asia using HCA.
Top Global Concrete-Producing Countries: A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Concrete Production, CO2 Emissions, and Economic Growth Hilal, Iin Shabrina; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig
Heca Journal of Applied Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/hjas.v3i2.314

Abstract

Concrete production plays a vital role in infrastructure and economic development, yet it remains one of the most significant sources of global CO2 emissions. This study focuses on the top 10 concrete-producing countries, using variables such as concrete production (CP), carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and gross domestic product (GDP) as a proxy for economic growth. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we categorize the countries into three distinct groups based on the combined metrics. Cluster 1 includes developing and transitional economies such as India, Indonesia, Brazil, Egypt, Russia, Turkey, and Vietnam, which exhibit moderate levels of CP and GDP alongside relatively low CO2 per capita. Cluster 2, represented by China and Saudi Arabia, demonstrates high levels of CP and CO2, coupled with moderate to high GDP, reflecting intensive industrial activity and rapid development. Cluster 3, which includes only the United States, is characterized by high GDP, moderate CP, and persistently high CO2, indicating a stable developed economy that maintains its prosperity through infrastructure upkeep rather than rapid growth. The findings reveal how these three indicators interact across different stages of development and emphasize the importance of tailored sustainability strategies.
Statistical Assessment of Human Development Index Variations and Their Correlates: A Case Study of Aceh Province, Indonesia Sasmita, Novi Reandy; Phonna, Rahmatil Adha; Fikri, Mumtaz Kemal; Khairul, Mhd; Apriliansyah, Feby; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig; Puspitasari, Ayu; Saputra, Fachri Eka
Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjbes.v1i1.14

Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) provides a holistic measure of human development in a country or locality. This study aims to identify factors correlated with changes in the Human Development Index and analyze changes in the distribution of the Human Development Index in Aceh Province from 2012 to 2022. Apart from the Human Development Index as the variable used in this study, five variables are used in this study as indicators: Life Expectancy, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Per Capita Expenditure, Average Years of Schooling, and Expected Years of Schooling as socioeconomic factors. This research uses an ecological study design. Data was sourced from the "Aceh in Figures" report by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Province. The statistical methods used were descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the Spearman test for correlation analysis, the Wilcoxon one-sample test for data distribution, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare distributions. Based on the correlation analysis, the study revealed that the five socioeconomic variables tested showed a significant positive correlation with changes in the HDI in Aceh Province (p-value < 0.05). In addition, the difference analysis showed a significantly different distribution of HDI across the years studied (p-value < 0.05), with a pattern of increasing HDI observed from the beginning to the end of the study period. The recommended based on finding of the study is policymakers and stakeholders focus on strategies that enhance the positive correlates identified Finally, these results provide important and structured insights into the role of factors in HDI change.
Exploring Indonesia's CO2 Emissions: The Impact of Agriculture, Economic Growth, Capital and Labor Maulidar, Putri; Fitriyani, Fitriyani; Sasmita, Novi Reandy; Hardi, Irsan; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig
Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjbes.v1i1.22

Abstract

This study examines the dynamic impact of agriculture, economic growth, capital, and labor on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Indonesia from 1990-2022. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method, the findings indicate that agriculture plays a substantial role in decreasing CO2 emissions in the short and long run. Additionally, a consistent positive correlation exists between economic growth and CO2 emissions, underscoring the difficulty in decoupling economic progress from its environmental repercussions. Capital formation, on the other hand, exerts a noteworthy negative influence on CO2 emissions, particularly in the long run, implying that increased investment in capital formation, potentially in environmentally friendly technologies, could contribute to a gradual reduction in emissions. However, the expanding labor is identified as a significant driver of CO2 emissions, particularly in the long run. Highlighting the challenges associated with mitigating the environmental impact of workforce growth. Furthermore, the Granger causality results indicate unidirectional causality from CO2 emissions and labor to agriculture, from agriculture to economic growth and capital formation, and from economic growth to capital formation. Therefore, promoting sustainable agriculture, aligning economic growth with green technologies, incentivizing eco-friendly investment, integrating comprehensive planning, and maintaining flexible policies are crucial for Indonesia's effective environmental and economic management.
Co-Authors Afjal, Mohd Agustina, Maulidar Ali, Najabat Amalina, Faizah Apriliansyah, Feby Attari, Muhammad Umer Quddoos Ayu Puspitasari, Ayu Bani, Nor Yasmin binti Mhd Bruyn, Chané de Chairunnisa, Rizka Çoban, Mustafa Necati Dahlia, Putri Devi, N. Chitra Duwal, Niroj Eddy Gunawan, Eddy Eko Suhartono Emran, Talha Bin Fadila, Sintia Fajri, Irfan Fazli, Qalbin Salim Fijay, Ade Habya Fikri, Mumtaz Kemal Fitriyani Fitriyani Furqan, Nurul Ghazi Mauer Idroes Hadiyani, Rahmilia Hafizah, Iffah Hamaguchi, Yoshihiro Hapzi Ali Hardia, Natasha Athira Keisha Hidayatullah, Ferdy HUMAM, RAIS AULIA Idroes, Ghifari Maulana Idroes, Rinadi Iin Shabrina Hilal Irsan Hardi Irvanizam, Irvanizam Kadri, Mirzatul Khairan Khairan Khairul, Mhd Kusumo, Fitranto Lala, Andi Majid, M. Shabri Abd Majumder, Shapan Chandra Mardayanti, Ulfa Marsellindo, Rio Maulana, Aga Maulana, Ar Razy Ridha Maulidar, Putri Mirza, Muhammad Alfin Falha Muhammad Subianto Muksalmina Muksalmina Mursyida, Waliam Nghiem, Xuan-Hoa Nurleila, Nurleila Pernici, Andreea Phonna, Rahmatil Adha Prasetio, Rasi Ray, Samrat Razief Perucha Fauzie Afidh Rimal Mahdani Rinaldi Idroes Ringga, Edi Saputra Salimullah, Abul Hasnat Muhammed Saputra, Fachri Eka Saputra, Jumadil Sasmita, Novi Reandy Sikdar, Asaduzzaman Sofyan Syahnur Sofyan, Rahmi Souvia Rahimah Stancu, Stelian sufriani, sufriani Sugara, Dimas Rendy Sugeng Santoso Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna Suriani Suriani Suwal, Sunil Syahyana, Ahmad T. Zulham Teuku Rizky Noviandy Thahira, Zia Utami, Resty Tamara Wiranatakusuma, Dimas Bagus Zahriah, Zahriah Zhilalmuhana, Teuku Zikra, Naswatun