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Business Confidence and Economic Complexity in Indonesia: Evidence from Technology, Trade, and Research Dimensions Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig; Wiranatakusuma, Dimas Bagus
Indatu Journal of Management and Accounting Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ijma.v3i1.322

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of business confidence on economic complexity in Indonesia, focusing on three key dimensions: research, technology, and trade. Using quarterly data from 2003 to 2021 and applying the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimation method, the analysis incorporates business confidence, economic growth, and gross fixed capital formation as explanatory variables. The DOLS results reveal that an increase in business confidence has a positive and significant effect on technological and trade complexity. However, it is associated with a negative effect on research complexity. Economic growth is positively linked to trade complexity but negatively associated with both technological and research complexity, while gross fixed capital formation contributes positively to technological and research complexity but negatively to trade complexity. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy strategies that align business sentiment and investment behavior with long-term innovation and export development goals in Indonesia.
Agrochemicals, GHG Emissions, and GDP in Southeast Asia: A Machine Learning Approach with Hierarchical Clustering Fazli, Qalbin Salim; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig; Hilal, Iin Shabrina; Hafizah, Iffah; Hardi, Irsan; Noviandy, Teuku Rizky
Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjbes.v2i2.93

Abstract

Agrochemical use, GHG emissions, and gross domestic product (GDP) vary widely across Southeast Asia, making the region suitable for cluster-based sustainability analysis. This study applies hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) to classify nine Southeast Asian countries using four standardized indicators: pesticide use, nitrogen fertilizer use, GHG emissions, and GDP. Exploratory data analysis reveals significant disparities, with Brunei and Indonesia emerging as outliers due to exceptionally high input intensity and emissions, respectively. HCA identifies four distinct clusters: (1) low-input, low-emission economies (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar); (2) moderately intensive systems (Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam); (3) a high-pesticide profile (Brunei); and (4) a high-emission, high-output outlier (Indonesia). Principal Component Analysis confirms the cluster structure and highlights variation in emission efficiency. The findings show that similar agroecological contexts can yield divergent environmental outcomes, emphasizing the role of policy and technology. This study provides the first region-wide, data-driven typology of agricultural sustainability in Southeast Asia using HCA.
Top Global Concrete-Producing Countries: A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Concrete Production, CO2 Emissions, and Economic Growth Hilal, Iin Shabrina; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig
Heca Journal of Applied Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/hjas.v3i2.314

Abstract

Concrete production plays a vital role in infrastructure and economic development, yet it remains one of the most significant sources of global CO2 emissions. This study focuses on the top 10 concrete-producing countries, using variables such as concrete production (CP), carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and gross domestic product (GDP) as a proxy for economic growth. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we categorize the countries into three distinct groups based on the combined metrics. Cluster 1 includes developing and transitional economies such as India, Indonesia, Brazil, Egypt, Russia, Turkey, and Vietnam, which exhibit moderate levels of CP and GDP alongside relatively low CO2 per capita. Cluster 2, represented by China and Saudi Arabia, demonstrates high levels of CP and CO2, coupled with moderate to high GDP, reflecting intensive industrial activity and rapid development. Cluster 3, which includes only the United States, is characterized by high GDP, moderate CP, and persistently high CO2, indicating a stable developed economy that maintains its prosperity through infrastructure upkeep rather than rapid growth. The findings reveal how these three indicators interact across different stages of development and emphasize the importance of tailored sustainability strategies.
Statistical Assessment of Human Development Index Variations and Their Correlates: A Case Study of Aceh Province, Indonesia Sasmita, Novi Reandy; Phonna, Rahmatil Adha; Fikri, Mumtaz Kemal; Khairul, Mhd; Apriliansyah, Feby; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig; Puspitasari, Ayu; Saputra, Fachri Eka
Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjbes.v1i1.14

Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) provides a holistic measure of human development in a country or locality. This study aims to identify factors correlated with changes in the Human Development Index and analyze changes in the distribution of the Human Development Index in Aceh Province from 2012 to 2022. Apart from the Human Development Index as the variable used in this study, five variables are used in this study as indicators: Life Expectancy, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Per Capita Expenditure, Average Years of Schooling, and Expected Years of Schooling as socioeconomic factors. This research uses an ecological study design. Data was sourced from the "Aceh in Figures" report by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Province. The statistical methods used were descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the Spearman test for correlation analysis, the Wilcoxon one-sample test for data distribution, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare distributions. Based on the correlation analysis, the study revealed that the five socioeconomic variables tested showed a significant positive correlation with changes in the HDI in Aceh Province (p-value < 0.05). In addition, the difference analysis showed a significantly different distribution of HDI across the years studied (p-value < 0.05), with a pattern of increasing HDI observed from the beginning to the end of the study period. The recommended based on finding of the study is policymakers and stakeholders focus on strategies that enhance the positive correlates identified Finally, these results provide important and structured insights into the role of factors in HDI change.
Exploring Indonesia's CO2 Emissions: The Impact of Agriculture, Economic Growth, Capital and Labor Maulidar, Putri; Fitriyani, Fitriyani; Sasmita, Novi Reandy; Hardi, Irsan; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig
Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjbes.v1i1.22

Abstract

This study examines the dynamic impact of agriculture, economic growth, capital, and labor on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Indonesia from 1990-2022. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method, the findings indicate that agriculture plays a substantial role in decreasing CO2 emissions in the short and long run. Additionally, a consistent positive correlation exists between economic growth and CO2 emissions, underscoring the difficulty in decoupling economic progress from its environmental repercussions. Capital formation, on the other hand, exerts a noteworthy negative influence on CO2 emissions, particularly in the long run, implying that increased investment in capital formation, potentially in environmentally friendly technologies, could contribute to a gradual reduction in emissions. However, the expanding labor is identified as a significant driver of CO2 emissions, particularly in the long run. Highlighting the challenges associated with mitigating the environmental impact of workforce growth. Furthermore, the Granger causality results indicate unidirectional causality from CO2 emissions and labor to agriculture, from agriculture to economic growth and capital formation, and from economic growth to capital formation. Therefore, promoting sustainable agriculture, aligning economic growth with green technologies, incentivizing eco-friendly investment, integrating comprehensive planning, and maintaining flexible policies are crucial for Indonesia's effective environmental and economic management.
How Is Research Connecting Artificial Intelligence, Sustainability Governance, and Agri-Food Supply Chains Evolving? A Bibliometric Analysis Salim Fazli, Qalbin; Isaack Delya, Mussa; Hironimus Kihwili, Erick; Qashmal, Muhammad; Shabrina Hilal, Iin; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig
Indatu Journal of Management and Accounting Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ijma.v3i2.368

Abstract

This study examines the development of research situated at the intersection of artificial intelligence, sustainability governance, and agri-food supply chains through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 988 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2017 and 2025. This time range was selected because scholarly attention to artificial intelligence in sustainability and agri-food systems began to intensify after 2017, alongside the emergence of Industry 4.0, data-driven governance frameworks, and circular economy agendas, allowing the analysis to capture both the formative and consolidation phases of this research domain. A structured search, screening, and eligibility process was applied to ensure thematic relevance and methodological rigor, followed by performance analysis and science-mapping techniques using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and complementary normalization procedures. The findings reveal accelerating publication growth, concentrated collaboration networks, and thematic convergence around digital sustainability, circularity, and data-driven supply-chain optimization. Keyword and citation structures indicate that the field increasingly integrates technological and environmental perspectives, although research contributions remain unevenly distributed across authors, institutions, and countries. The study highlights the emergence of a more coherent knowledge base while underscoring the need for broader participation and deeper conceptual synthesis. These insights provide a consolidated foundation for guiding future work toward stronger theoretical development and more impactful applications in sustainable agri-food systems.
When Safety Meets the Economy: Mapping Fifty Years of Research on Agricultural Labor, Occupational Health, and Economic Outcomes Fazli, Qalbin Salim; Delya, Mussa Issack; Kihwili, Erick Hironimus; Idroes, Ghalieb Mutig; Wiranatakusuma, Dimas Bagus; Idroes, Ghazi Mauer
Grimsa Journal of Business and Economics Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): July 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjbes.v3i2.111

Abstract

Research on occupational safety in agriculture has expanded substantially over the past decades, yet its economic dimensions remain dispersed across multiple disciplinary traditions. This study aims to map the intellectual structure and thematic development of scholarly work linking agricultural labor, occupational health, and economic outcomes. Using a bibliometric approach, publications indexed in the Scopus database were systematically analyzed covering the period from 1973 to 2026. A total of 1229 peer reviewed articles and reviews were examined using bibliometrix in R and VOSviewer to identify publication trends, influential sources, leading contributors, country collaborations, keyword networks, and thematic patterns. The results reveal a sustained growth in research output, particularly after the mid-2000s, alongside a multidisciplinary publication landscape dominated by environmental, health, and agricultural economics journals. Keyword co-occurrence and thematic analyses indicate that while occupational safety and health constitute a central research focus, economic themes such as productivity, labor, income, sustainability, and policy are increasingly integrated but remain distributed across distinct clusters. This bibliometric evidence highlights the evolving recognition of occupational safety as an economic issue within agricultural systems. The study contributes by consolidating fragmented research streams into a coherent overview, offering insights for economists, policymakers, and researchers interested in labor welfare, productivity, and sustainable agricultural development.
Co-Authors Afjal, Mohd Agustina, Maulidar Ali, Najabat Amalina, Faizah Apriliansyah, Feby Attari, Muhammad Umer Quddoos Ayu Puspitasari, Ayu Bani, Nor Yasmin binti Mhd Bruyn, Chané de Chairunnisa, Rizka Çoban, Mustafa Necati Dahlia, Putri Delya, Mussa Issack Devi, N. Chitra Duwal, Niroj Eddy Gunawan, Eddy Eko Suhartono Emran, Talha Bin Fadila, Sintia Fajri, Irfan Fazli, Qalbin Salim Fijay, Ade Habya Fikri, Mumtaz Kemal Fitriyani Fitriyani Furqan, Nurul Ghazi Mauer Idroes Hadiyani, Rahmilia Hafizah, Iffah Hamaguchi, Yoshihiro Hapzi Ali Hardia, Natasha Athira Keisha Hidayatullah, Ferdy Hironimus Kihwili, Erick HUMAM, RAIS AULIA Idroes, Ghifari Maulana Idroes, Rinadi Iin Shabrina Hilal Irsan Hardi Irvanizam, Irvanizam Isaack Delya, Mussa Kadri, Mirzatul Khairan Khairan Khairul, Mhd Khairun Nisa Kihwili, Erick Hironimus Kusumo, Fitranto Lala, Andi Majid, M. Shabri Abd Majumder, Shapan Chandra Mardayanti, Ulfa Marsellindo, Rio Maulana, Aga Maulana, Ar Razy Ridha Maulidar, Putri Mirza, Muhammad Alfin Falha Muhammad Subianto Muksalmina Muksalmina Mursyida, Waliam Nghiem, Xuan-Hoa Nurleila, Nurleila Pernici, Andreea Phonna, Rahmatil Adha Prasetio, Rasi Qashmal, Muhammad Ray, Samrat Razief Perucha Fauzie Afidh Rimal Mahdani Rinaldi Idroes Ringga, Edi Saputra Salim Fazli, Qalbin Salimullah, Abul Hasnat Muhammed Saputra, Fachri Eka Saputra, Jumadil Sasmita, Novi Reandy Sikdar, Asaduzzaman Sofyan Syahnur Sofyan, Rahmi Souvia Rahimah Stancu, Stelian sufriani, sufriani Sugara, Dimas Rendy Sugeng Santoso Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna Suriani Suriani Suwal, Sunil Syahyana, Ahmad T. Zulham Teuku Rizky Noviandy Thahira, Zia Utami, Resty Tamara Wiranatakusuma, Dimas Bagus Zahriah, Zahriah Zhilalmuhana, Teuku Zikra, Naswatun