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STATUS GIZI BALITA DI KABUPATEN BOGOR PADA KRISIS EKONOMI Dewi Permaesih; Yuniar Rosmalina; Reviana Christijani; Sri Martuti; Susilowati Herman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 23 (2000)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1489.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDERFIVE YEARS CHILDREN DURING ECONOMIC CRISIS AT BOGOR DISTRICT.Background: The relationships between nutritional status, growth and development of vital organ have been published else where. The increasing of body weight and height can be used as indicators of good nutritional status of ctildren under five of age. The prevalence of severe malnutrition of children under five years lends to increase. Vitamin A deficiency and anemia were also still problems in Indonesia. The periodic information about nutritional status of children less than five years of age is important.Method: The assessment of nutritional status of under five children had been conducted in the area of 10 Puskesmas in Kabupaten Bogor. The selection of these areas based on the survey in 1992. Data collection was carried out twice in April 1999 and November 1999. The assessment included vitamin A status, anthropometry and hemoglobin level.Results: The result shows there was no case of xerophthalmia among the children. However, analysis shows that 7.3% children under five of age have serum vitamin A level below 10 ug/dl in April 1999 and 6.8 in November 1999.The prevalence of severe malnutrition based on weight for age tend to increase 3.1% (in 1992), 3.9% (in April 1999), and 4.4% (in November 1999). The prevalence of underweight significantly increased (p<0.05) from 11.4% to 24%. The prevalence of wasting also shows significantly increased both at 0-23 months and 24-60 months of age from 4.7% to 13.9% and 6.3 to 11.6% respectively. The prevalence of stunting not significantly increased. The prevalence of anemia increased from 41.7% in 1992 to 48.7% in April 1999 and 49.2% in November 1999. However, the increase was not significant statistically.Key Words: underfive years old, nutritional status, vitamin A status, anemia status.

KEBUTUHAN IBU HAMIL AKAN TABLET BESI UNTUK PENCEGAHAN ANEMI Fitrah Emawati; Yuniar Rosmalina; Susilowati Herman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 23 (2000)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1498.

THE NEED OF IRON TABLET OF PREGNANT WOMEN TO PREVENT FROM ANEMIA.Background: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women remain high about 51%. Many studes have been done to reduce prevalence anemia among pregnant women, however the studes do not encourage of the pregnant women to full fill their need of Iron tablet.Objective: To know the knowledge of anemia and its consequence, anemia status and the need of iron tablet of pregnant women who get anemia counseling from midwife and those who did not get counseling.Method: The site of the study was Bogor Municipality. Cohort observation was used in the study. The Subjects were pregnant women of second and third trimester and they were grouped into two groups with and without anemia counseling by midwife during iron tablet administration. The data gathered were the need of iron tablet social economic, knowledge about anemia and its consequence, hemoglobin and hematocrit.Results: we found a significance increase of knowledge about anemia and its consequence in the group of women with anemia counseling, but their need of iron tablet is still low about 20-30 percent in the two groups. There were 52 percent women with counseling group consuming the entire tablet given from midwife. However, anemia was remaining high 46,2 percent among pregnant women with counseling group.Conclusions: The percentage of anemia after four month anemia counseling is high since the need of iron tablet of pregnant women is low.Key Words: pregnant women, iron tablet anemia

DAMPAK PEMBERIAN KALSIUM TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH IBU HAMIL DI BOGOR Dewi Permaesih; Reviana Christiani; Yuniar Rosmalina; Ance Murdiana Dahro; Rossi R.S. Apriyantono; S. Hendra; Susilowati Herman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 22 (1999)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1531.

The Effect of Food Calcium Supplementation on the Blood Pressure Level of Pregnant Women in Bogor District.Study on the calcium supplementation to prevent the increase of blood pressure level of pregnant women was conducted in 6 Community Health Centers in Bogor District. Seventy-seven pregnant women between 18-23 weeks of pregnancy were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive 2 kinds of food (biscuit and syrup) which contain 700 mg of calcium for the intervention group and 200 mg for the control group. The subjects were asked to consume every 5 days in a week for 16 weeks. The results shows that no significant different in body weight, clinical status and biochemical status, calcium in urine and feces between 2 group. The energy and calcium intake were still below the indonesian RDA level. Diastolic blood pressure in supine position was decreased by 1.4 mg Hg in intervention group and 0.9 mg Hg in control group after 16 weeks of the study. However there was no significant difference between intervention and control group. This study observed there was a tendency that calcium supplementation maintains diastolic blood pressure level.Keywords: calcium, blood pressure, pregnant women.

EFEK SUPLEMENTASI OMEGA-3 PADA PENDERITA ARTRITIS REUMATOID Reviana Christiani; Sri Martuti; Susilowati Herman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 22 (1999)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1532.

Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.A study on omega-3 supplementation was conducted to women of 55-90 years old with active rheumatoid arthritis who stay at home for elderly (in six nursing home) in Bogor. The objective of this study is to see the effects of omega-3 supplementation on patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Sixty subjects (respondents) were devided into two groups. The first group, 30 respondents, were given an omega-3 capsuls (180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA) every day for two months; the second group, also 30 respondents, were given placebo capsules (equal). Data collected including identity of respondents, anthropometric, clinical status, radiology (rontgen), and blood sample analysis (LED and ARF). The results of this study showed that omega-3 supplementation proportionally decreased the quantity of patients with morning stiffness significantly, decreased the quantity of patients with joint swelling (not significant), failed inreducing the quantity of patients with joint pain, and failed in changing the value of RF (from + to -) of patients. The omega-3 supplementation on patients with active rheumatoid arthritis also failed in decreasing the average of LED of the patients, and failed in changing the result of rontgen.Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, EPA & DHA omega-3, supplementtaion, elderly.

EFEKTIVITAS SUPLEMENTASI VITAMIN A DOSIS TINGGI TERHADAP TINGKAT PENYEMBUHAN DAN STATUS IMUN ANAK BALITA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU Susi S. Suwardi; Ance Murdiana; Muhilal Muhilal; Endi Ridwan; Effendi Rustan; Susilowati Herman; Sri Martuti; Tita Miawati
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 22 (1999)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1533.

Effectiveness of High Dose Vitamin A Supplementation on The Recovery Rate and Immune Status of Underfive Children Suffering From Tuberculosis.Tuberculosis (TB), the infectious disease, is still one of the health problems in Indonesia. TB does not just make the people sick physically, but also interfere the immunity. As we have known that vitamin A can improve the immunity. The aimed of this randomized double blind study was to know the effect of high dose vitamin A on the improvement, immune status and the relationship between vitamin A and immune status in TB. Sixtyfive underfive children were selected from the Pediatrics Wards for out patient in Salak and Clsarua Hospital. They were grouped into 11 treatment group who received standard regimen therapy for TB plus high dose vitamin A in each month for 6 months and 21 control group who received the same TB regimen plus placebo also in each month for 6 months. Data on physical examination, weight, height, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), blood sedimen rate (BSR), serum vitamin A, immunoglobulin G (IgG) to TB, chest X ray (CXR) and food consumption were collected before and after (6 months) intervention. Information on morbidity and socioeconomic also were recorded. To evaluate the degree of improvement, score on nutritional status, BSR and CXR were made. The results showed that after 6 month there were improvement in anthropometry status, morbidity rate, Hb, Ht, BSR, IgG and CXR for both groups. The treatment group was improved in 7.2% subjects meanwhile the control group was improved in 58% subjects. Analysis for scoring improvement showed that the treatment group had better improvement 2,4 times than the control group. The conclusions are that the high dose vitamin A has a positive effect on the recovery and immune status of underfive children suffering TB. This study suggests to give high dose vitamin A to the regimen therapy for TB in children to get better results.Keywords: tuberculosis, vitamin A supplementation, IgG, recovery rate.

HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN ZINC DALAM AIR SUSU IBU DENGAN ZINC DARAh BAYI DI DAERAH PERKOTAAN, PEDESAAN DAN PANTAI Joko Pambudi; Dewi Permaesih; Susilowati Herman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 22 (1999)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1534.

Association Between Zinc Level ol Breastmilk and Infant Blood in Three Different Areas.Zinc is an essential micro nutrient in many body metabolism. Breast feeding mothers should suffice their zinc consumption as their infants need zinc for maximum growth and development. The study aimed to look for a correlation between zinc level of breastmilk and of infant blood in three different areas. The sampels were 90 breast feeding mothers with their infants aged 4-6 months from three different areas: (i) urban, (ii) rural, and (iii) coastal. Information was gathered including food pattern and consumption, social economic, anthropometry, zinc level of breastmilk and infant blood. Breastmilk sample was collected in day time from the two nipples of mother, while blood sample was taken from arm vein of infant. This study found that zinc level in breastmilk differed in the three different areas. In urban area, zinc level of breastmilk was 0.91 ± 0.16 µg/ml, while in rural area was 0.75 ± 0.13 µg/ml, and in coastal area was 1.07 ± 0.40 µg/ml. Zinc level of breastmilk in urban area was siginificantly different to that in rural area (p<0.01), and zinc level of breastmilk for coastal area was significantly different to that in rural area (p<0.01). In respect to the level of infant blood, there were also differences. In urban area, zinc level of infant blood was 0.88 ± 0.17 µg/ml, while that in rural area was 0.66 ± 0.07 µg/ml, and in coastal area was 0. 73 ± 0.17 µg/ml. Infant blood zinc level in urban area was significantly different (p<0.05) compared to coastal area. However zinc level of infant blood for coastal area was not significantly different (p>0.05) from that in rural area. The study concluded zinc level of breastmilk in coastal area showed the highest, and zinc level in infant blood in urban area showed the highest. There was a strong correlation (r=0.5165, p<0.05) between breastmilk zinc level and infant blood zinc level only in rural area, but not in both urban and coastal area.Keywords: zinc level, breastmilk, infant blood, urban, rural and coastal.

STATUS RETINOL, KAROTENOID DAN TOKOFEROL PEMAKAI KONTRASEPSI IMPLAN DAN SUNTIKAN DENGAN KOMPLIKASI PENDARAHAN Tita Miawati; Yuniar R. Purwono; Susilowati Herman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 22 (1999)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1536.

The case study of Status of Retinol Carotenoid and Tocopherol of Implant and Injection Contraseptive Users with Bleeding Complication conducted in 3 health centers in Bogor. The total number of the subjects were 68 women who used implant contraseptive (39 were as control and 29 were as cases) and 59 women who used injection (31 were as control and 28 were as cases). The results showed were as that prevalence of anemia were 25% in injection case and 27.6% in implant case. The average of serum retinol, carotenoids and tocopherol were not significantly different between injection case and control. While the implant users were significantly different between case and control in term of serum alfa tocopherol (19.3 + 3.1 vs 13.7 + 3.04). The odd ratio for injection contraseptive ussers was 1.55 for lutein; while for implant contraseptive users was 2.49 for alfa carotene, 5.89 for alfa tocopherol and 1.39 for gamma tocopherol.Keywords: retinol, carotenooids, tocopherol, contraseptive users

HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN KAROTENOID DAN RETINOL DALAM DARAH DAN ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI DAERAH PENGHASIL DAN BUKAN PENGHASIL SAYURAN Joko Pambudi; Fitrah Emawati; Susilowati Herman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) JILID 24 (2001)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v0i0.1506.

Association of Carotenoids and Retinol Levels In Blood and Breastmilk of Breastfeeding Mothers In Vegetables Producing Area and Non-Vegetables Producing Area.Background: Vegetables are available in abundant amount in the less developed countries, including Indonesia, and are the source of carotenoids and other important nutrient, especially vitamin A. In rural areas, vegetables are becoming important source of vitamin A, especially for breastfeeding mothers.Objectives: To study carotenoids and retinol levels in blood and breastmilk of breastfeeding mothers in vegetables producing area and non-vegetables producing area, and its implication to the availability of vitamin A to breastfeeding mothers.Method: Samples were collected from 87 breastfeeding mothers with their breastfeeding age of 3-6 months, and they came from two areas, vegetables producing area and non-vegetables producing area. Blood and breastmilk were taken and analyzed for their carotenoids and retinol levels using HPLC.Results: The study found there were differences of carotenoids components and retinol in blood and breastmilk of breastfeeding mothers between vegetables producing area and non-vegetables producing area. The levels of lutein, lycopene, β-carotene and retinol in blood of breastfeeding mothers living in vegetables producing area were significantly different (p<0.01) from non vegetables producing area. However, for β-cryptoxanthin, and α-carotene were not significantly different (p>0.05). The levels of carotenoids and retinol in breastmilk showed differences. The levels of lutein, lycopene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and retinol in breastmilk of mothers in vegetables producing area were significantly different (p<0.01) from non-vegetables producing area. While β-carotene level was not significantly different (p>0.05). There were a correlation of lutein (r=0.4610, p<0.05), β-cryptoxanthin (r=0.3321, p<0.05), and β-carotene (r=0.4548, p<0.05) levels between in blood and breastmilk in vegetables producing area. While only level of lutein (r=0.6166, p<0.01) in blood correlated with breastmilk in non-vegetables producing area. There was no strong correlation (p>0.05) between vegetables consumption and carotenoids and retinol levels of blood and breastmilk, botj in vegetables producing area and non-vegetables producing area.Conclusion: The result of study showed carotenoids and retinol levels of blood and breastmilk in mothers from vegetables producing area were higher than that of non-vegetables producing area.Recommendation: To encourage breastfeeding mothers in order to consume more vegetables intensively through the existing program.Keywords: carotenoids, Lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, β-carotene, retinol, α-carotene.

PROFIL DISTRIBUSI LEMAK TUBUH DAN LEMAK DARAH DEWASA GEMUK DI PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN Fitrah Emawati; Muherdiyantiningsih Muherdiyantiningsih; Rustan Effendi; Susilowati Herman
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 27 No. 1 (2004)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v27i1.1406.

THE PROFILE OF BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION AND SERUM LIPID OF THE OBESE ADULT IN RURAL AND URBAN AREA.Background: Coronary heart disease is becoming prevalent in productive age in Java and Bali, while one of the risk of coronary heart disease is dislipidemia which have correlation to obesity and overweight. Objectives: To know the profile of body fat distribution and serum lipid of the obese adult living in rural and urban area. Methods: The design of the study is correlational. The study was done in 2 sub-districts, Ranca Bungur and Tanah Sareal, Bogor. Samples of the study were adult men and women who had BMI > 25 kg/m2 and aged 30-55 years old. Results: Samples who live in urban area had higher BMI than those live in rural area (31 ± 3.8 kg/m2 vs 29 ± 2.9 kg/m2), while women live in rural area had subscapula and suprailiaca with bicep and tricep rasio (SSi-BT) slightly higher than those in urban area (1,44 ± 0.29 vs 1,32 ± 0.27). Men live in urban area had HDL and LDL cholesterol level higher than those in rural area. The concentration of cholesterol and blood pressure of samples who live in rural higher than those in urban. The activity level of women and men in urban area were lighter than those in rural area. Abdominal to hip ratio of women in rural had correlation to blood glucose and LDL level while fat distribution of women living in urban had no correlation to serum lipid. SSi-BT and abdominal to hip ratio (RLPP) of men in rural had correlation to trigliceride, on the other hand the abdominal to hlp ratio of men who lived in urban had correlation to cholesterol level. Conclusions: Fat distribution of men and women in rural area distributed to central of the body (abdominal), while women in urban area distributed to general of the body and men was mainly located in central of the body (abdominal). Abdominal to hip ratio and SSi-BT had correlation to serum lipid, but not BMI. The activity level of women and men in rural or urban had no correlation to serum lipid.Keywords: body fat distribution, serum lipid, obese adult, rural, urban

PENGARUH OLAHRAGA AEROBIK DAN PEMBERIAN PIL BESI TERHADAP STATUS BESI DAN TINGKAT KESEGARAN JASMANI REMAJA Dewi Permaesih; Yuniar Rosmalina; Susilowati Herman; Dangsina Moeloek
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 27 No. 1 (2004)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v27i1.1409.

THE IMPACT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE AND IRON TABLETS ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND IRON STATUS AMONG ADOLESCENT.Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), as measured by hemoglobin level below normal value, is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in Indonesia. IDA among adolescent has been shown in some studies not only affect health status but also on decreasing learning concentration and physical fitness. So far, iron supplementation has been shown to improve iron status effectively and theoretically may also improve physical fitness among high risk groups especially adolescent. Objectives: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise and iron supplementation on physical fitness and iron status among adolescent. Methods: The subjects were adolescent boys aged 13-19 years old suffering from IDA In three Islamic boarding schools (Pondok Pesantren). A total of 181 selected subjects were assigned into two groups. The intervention group received iron tablet and aerobic exercise 3 times a week, while the control group received only iron tablet 3 times a week for the period of 7 weeks. Variables included in the study were health status assessed by physical examination by medical doctor, hemoglobin concentration, serum transferrin level, and cardiovascular endurance which were assessed before and after the intervention. Cardiovaskular endurance was measured by time needed to run for the distance of 2400 meters. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of IDA among adolescent of Islamic boarding school was 40 percent. Hemoglobin concentration in the intervention group increased significantly (2.02 ± 1.26 gram/dL) compared to that in the control group (0.83 ± 0.93 gram/dL) Serum transferrin receptor decreased by -0.41 + 2.3 and -0.28 ± 4.9 ug/L in the intervention and control groups respectively. Cardiovaskular endurance was significantly better in the intervention group (1.9 ± 0.3 minute faster) compared to that in the control group (0.5 ± 0.3 minute slower) after the intervention. Conclusions: Iron supplementation and aerobic exercise regularly significantly improve iron status and physical fitness among adolescent. Keywords: Iron tablet, physical fitness, aerobic exercise

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