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Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Caring for HIV Person in Dermatology Jibriel, Diaz Azhalea; Dharma, Yoga Prawira Wedha Swara; Nuriasti, Rovera; Pambudi, Balqis Prudena Kurnia; Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian; Febriana, Nanggi Qoriatul; Dwiandika, Rizki Ary; Zulkifli, Yasmin Sabrina; Larasati, A. A. A. Regina; Senna, Cantika Brilliant; Tahriani, Ridha; Arif Zuhan
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10075

Abstract

More than 90% of individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exhibit skin abnormalities that can serve as important clues for early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and assessing the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the diverse presentation of skin problems often complicates clinical management. Methods: This article is based on a literature review of various international and national publications on skin manifestations in HIV patients, as well as dermatological management guidelines. The analysis focused on the types of skin infections, non-infectious conditions, side effects of ART, and recommended treatment strategies. Results: The literature review revealed that skin problems in HIV patients include fungal infections (such as candidiasis, dermatophytosis), bacterial (CA-MRSA, syphilis), viral (HSV, VZV, HPV, molluscum contagiosum), and non-infectious conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and severe drug reactions. These skin conditions are influenced by a weakened immune system, treatment side effects, and socioeconomic factors. Treatment requires a combination of ART therapy, dermatological care tailored to the type of skin problem, and psychosocial support. Conclusion: Skin manifestations in HIV patients reflect their immune system and quality of life. Comprehensive treatment, including ART, dermatological therapy, and a psychosocial approach, has been shown to be effective in reducing morbidity and stigma. The results of this study underscore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to improve treatment outcomes for HIV patients with skin problems in Indonesia.
Cranial Nerves and Plexuses Optic Nerve (N.II) Rizqi, Amanda Suana; Sugiyanto, Aqilla Nasywa Nabila; Febianisa, Tabitha Afifah; Zulkifli, Yasmin Sabrina; Paradiesta, Andi Frieskha Naurah; Azzahra, Anis Aura; Rofilah, Alita Khainur; Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy; Haikal, Muhammad; Rifki, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10124

Abstract

Cranial nerves are an integral part of the peripheral nervous system, playing a crucial role in transmitting afferent and efferent nerve impulses, particularly in the head and neck area. Unlike spinal nerves, cranial nerves have distinct functional nuclei in the brainstem, grouped into sensory (posterior and lateral) and motor (anterior) nuclei. The optic nerve is a purely afferent (sensory) nerve, responsible for transmitting visual information from rod and cone receptors in the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC) in the thalamus. The optic nerve's innervation pathway begins with retinal ganglion cells, which form nerve fibers, pass through the optic canal, and then cross at the optic chiasm. Disruption of this pathway can lead to various clinical manifestations, such as vision loss or visual field impairment, which will be discussed further. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the optic nerve is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of neuro-ophthalmological conditions.
A Literature Review: Acute Tonsillitis Azzahra, Anis Aura; Khotimah, Andi Husnul; Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian; Zulkifli, Yasmin Sabrina
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10202

Abstract

Acute tonsillitis is a bacterial infection characterized by painful swallowing, swelling, and redness of the tonsils. The purpose of this literature review is to improve understanding of acute tonsillitis, which is essential for patient care and a favorable prognosis. The method used is a systematic literature review. The results of this literature review indicate that tonsillitis is a common inflammatory condition affecting the palatine tonsils, accounting for approximately 1.3% of outpatient visits. The condition is typically caused by viral or bacterial infections and manifests with symptoms such as sore throat, fever, odynophagia, and tonsillar erythema or exudate. Viral tonsillitis is often self-limiting; however, bacterial causes most notably Streptococcus group A can lead to significant complications, including peritonsillar abscess, acute rheumatic fever, and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to distinguish viral from bacterial etiologies. Clinical scoring systems, such as the Centor or McIsaac criteria, and microbiological testing, help guide appropriate management and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Early identification and intervention are critical to preventing complications and promoting effective recovery. In conclusion, the prognosis for acute tonsillitis is generally good, with most cases healing on their own without complications.
Co-Authors Arif Zuhan Azzahra, Anis Aura Dharma, Yoga Prawira Wedha Swara Dwiandika, Rizki Ary Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy Febianisa, Tabitha Afifah Febriana, Nanggi Qoriatul Jibriel, Diaz Azhalea Khotimah, Andi Husnul Larasati, A. A. A. Regina Muhammad Haikal Muhammad Rifki Nuriasti, Rovera Pambudi, Balqis Prudena Kurnia Paradiesta, Andi Frieskha Naurah Rizqi, Amanda Suana Rofilah, Alita Khainur Senna, Cantika Brilliant Sugiyanto, Aqilla Nasywa Nabila Tahriani, Ridha Zulkifli, Yasmin Sabrina