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All Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Journal of Health Management and Pharmacy Exploration (JOHMPE) Benzena Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal Darma Diksani: Jurnal Pengabdian Ilmu Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Sciences of Phytochemistry Baktimu : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Baktimu : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat International Journal of Health Science
Efrilia, Erin
Universitas Pekalongan
Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Utilization of Simplex Lattice Design to Optimize the Sunscreen Cream Formula Containing Tamarind Peel Extract Endriyatno, Nur Cholis; Fuadhiya, Arina; Efrilia, Erin; Saad, Muhammad; Fitriawati, Anna
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 5 Issue 2 (2026)
Publisher : ETFLIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0502533

Abstract

The tamarind peel (Tamarindus indica L.) extract contains flavonoids that have the ability to provide photoprotection. An optimal cream formulation is required to achieve a high-quality dosage form. This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content (TFC), to obtain the optimal cream formula, and to measure its photoprotective activity. This research was conducted experimentally and optimized using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method using factors (stearic acid and triethanolamine) and responses (pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness). In vitro photoprotective activity determination test using sun protection factor (SPF), erythema transmission percentage (%Te), and pigmentation transmission percentage (%Tp) parameters. The TFC is 47.7018±1.68 mg QE/g. The optimization results showed that variations in stearic acid and trietanolamine concentrations affected pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The optimization produced a desirability value of 0.967 with predicted factors of 16.078% stearic acid and 3.922% triethanolamine. The predicted responses included pH (4.933), viscosity (247.32 dPas), spreadability (7.07 cm), and adhesiveness (7.37 seconds). A one-sample t-test showed no significant difference between the predictions and the actual results, as indicated by the calculated t-value (pH 0.002, viscosity 0.049, spreadability 0.000, and adhesion 0.000) < t-table (4.303). The cream containing tamarind peel extract exhibits photoprotective activity, with an SPF value of 13.63 ± 1.01, a %Te of 4.64 ± 1.19, and a %Tp of 12.37 ± 1.89. Photoprotective parameters show that the cream is quite good and has the potential for further development. In conclusion, this study shows that the optimized tamarind peel extract cream has photoprotective activity.
Co-Authors Adam Kinantaka Aditya Dimas S Wahyu Aditya Dimas Wahyu Amelia Reza Agustyne Andre Anna Fitriawati A’mirotul Hasnah Farchan Mushaf Al Ramadhani Fatkhiya, Musa Fitri Fuadhiya, Arina Gilang Putra Ramadhan Ilham Kuncahyo, Ilham Irda Rizky Wiharti Irda Rizky Wiharti Kenyar Taffani Nibras Mahfur, Mahfur Masyan Amrulloh Mohamad Ramzi Arkanie Muhamad Reza Patra Parama Muhammad Saad, Muhammad Muhammad Zakki Mulyanti Shofaro Nur Cholis Endriyatno Nur Ermawati Nur ‘Azah Puji Nurhayati Rensisca Marsha Lena Rizki Nur Fadilah Salsabila Hanifatul Ariqoh Samira Anissa Azahra Setiarini, Lilis Sri Mumpuni Yuniarsih Titik Sunarni Wiharti, Irda Rizky Wiranto Dwi Nugroho