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MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PROBLEM BASED LEARNING) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI SISWA KELAS X DI SMA NEGERI 1 KAWANGKOAN Deslin Mandome; Niny Makaliwe; Joubert Dame
Literacy: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Juni
Publisher : Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UNIMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/710r3e75

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Kawangkoan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode Eksperimen dengan desain Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, menggunakan sampel penelitian sebanyak 71 orang siswa kelas X dimana kelas XE sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah siswa 36 orang dan kelas XD sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah siswa 35 orang dengan teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah Simple Random Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas X. Hal ini ditunjukan oleh hasil posttest uji t dimana t-hitung > t-tabel yaitu 3,89 > 1,67 sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Artinya terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa. Nilai ini diperkuat dengan mean posttest hasil belajar kelas eksperimen (80,42) lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol (73,14) sehingga menunjukan kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol. Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL), Hasil Belajar Ekonomi ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the effect of the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the economic learning outcomes of class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Kawangkoan. This research method uses the Experiment method with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, using a research sample of 71 students in class X where the XE class is an experimental class with a total of 36 students and the XD class is a control class with a total of 35 students with the sample technique used is Simple Random Sampling. The results of the study show that the Problem Based Learning learning model has an effect on the economic learning outcomes of class X students. This is shown by the results of the posttest of the t-test where the t-count > t-table is 3.89 > 1.67 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that there is an influence of the Problem Based Learning learning model on students' economic learning outcomes. This value is strengthened by the mean posttest of the learning outcomes of the experimental class (80.42) higher than that of the control class (73.14), thus showing that the experimental class is better than the control class. Keywords: Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model, Learning Outcomes Economics
PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR GURU DAN FASILITAS BELAJAR TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI KELAS X MATA PELAJARAN PKDK SMK NEGERI 1 TOMPASO BARU Brigita Walingkas; Niny Makaliwe; Herman Dolonseda
Literacy: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Literacy:Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi
Publisher : Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UNIMA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/wq69fb58

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh keterampilan mengajar guru dan fasilitas belajar terhadap motivasi belajar sisiwa di kelas X mata pelajaran PKDK di Smk Negeri 1 TompasoBaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis data statistik untuk menguji hubungan antara variabel-variabel yang diteliti. Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan mengajar guru (X1) secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa (Y). Dan fasilitas belajar (X2) juga memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Selain itu, hasil uji simultan menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel independen tersebut secara bersama-sama memengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan mengajar guru dan fasilitas belajar siswa memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap motivasu belajar siswa. Oleh karerna itu penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu guru dalam menerapkan keterampilan mengajar yang baik dan juga dapat menunjang fasilitas belajar yang baik sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa di sekolah Kata kunci : Keterampilan Mengajar Guru, Fasilitas Belajar, Motivasi Belajar. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the influence of teacher teaching skills and learning facilities on student learning motivation in class X of PKDK subjects at SMK Negeri 1 TompasoBaru. This study uses a quantitative approach with statistical data analysis methods to test the relationship between the variables studied. The results of the analysis show that teacher teaching skills (X1) partially have a significant effect on student learning motivation (Y). And learning facilities (X2) also have a significant effect on student learning motivation. In addition, the results of the simultaneous test show that both independent variables together affect student learning outcomes. Thus, it can be concluded that teacher teaching skills and student learning facilities have a significant effect both partially and simultaneously on student learning motivation. Therefore, this study is expected to help teachers in implementing good teaching skills and can also support good learning facilities so that they can increase student learning motivation at school. Keywords: Teacher Teaching Skills, Learning Facilities, Learning Motivation.
Strengthening Computational Thinking Skills through Blended Learning, Digital Literacy and Learning Environment: The Role of Learning Motivation as a Mediating Variable Niny Makaliwe; Listriyanti Palangda; Ilham Abu; Jety Lempas
Jurnal Kependidikan : Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran, dan Pembelajaran Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/jk.v12i2.20044

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effects of blended learning, digital literacy, and the learning environment on students' computational thinking skills, with learning motivation as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was employed, employing Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS. The study involved 215 high school students selected through purposive sampling, specifically students with experience in digital and blended learning environments. Data were collected using a questionnaire covering indicators of blended learning, digital literacy, learning environment, learning motivation, and computational thinking skills. Data analysis included external model testing for validity and reliability using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and model testing using path coefficients, R-squared, and mediation analysis. The findings indicated that blended learning significantly influenced computational thinking skills (β = 0.059; p = 0.009) and learning motivation (β = 0.167; p = 0.001). The learning environment also showed a significant influence on computational thinking (β = 0.199; p = 0.008) and learning motivation (β = 0.471; p < 0.001). Learning motivation had the strongest direct influence on computational thinking (β = 0.509; p < 0.001). The SEM-PLS model showed adequate predictive power, with R-square values of 0.541 for computational thinking and 0.464 for learning motivation. Mediation analysis showed that learning motivation significantly mediated the relationship between blended learning and computational thinking (β = 0.085; p < 0.001), as well as the learning environment and computational thinking (β = 0.240; p < 0.001). However, the mediation effect between digital literacy and computational thinking was not significant (β = 0.023; p = 0.752), indicating that digital literacy directly influences computational thinking through students' cognitive and information processing abilities. This finding highlights the importance of integrating technology-based learning, a supportive learning environment, and motivational factors to strengthen computational thinking skills.
Pengaruh  Metode Ceramah dan Metode Diskusi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X Jurusan Bisnis Daring Pemasaran di SMK Negeri 2 Tondano Devid Aring; Johny Taroreh; Niny Makaliwe
Edupreneurship: Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): JUNI
Publisher : CV. Rumoh Aceh Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/cxr81037

Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the extent to which the application of the lecture method influences the learning outcomes of class X students in the Online Business and Marketing (BDP) expertise competency at SMK Negeri 2 Tondano. In addition, this study is also directed to examine the impact of the use of discussion methods on student academic achievement in the scope of similar classes and majors, as well as identifying how the combination of lecture and discussion methods simultaneously affects student grades in the subject of Marketing Basics for class X BDP Department of SMK Negeri 2 Tondano. A quantitative approach with a survey design was applied in this research methodology. The primary data collection was obtained directly from respondents who were designated as samples, using a questionnaire as the main instrument. The population in this study included 48 class X BDP Department students at SMK Negeri 2 Tondano. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling with a precision level or margin of error of 5%, resulting in a sample size of 43 students. The findings from the data testing showed that the lecture method had a positive and quite essential influence on improving the learning outcomes of class X BDP Department students at SMK Negeri 2 Tondano. Furthermore, the application of the discussion method has also been shown to contribute significantly to student academic achievement in the class and department. Furthermore, the combined use of lecture and discussion methods has demonstrated a positive and tangible impact on the learning outcomes of 10th-grade students in the Education and Training Department at SMK Negeri 2 Tondano.
The Problems of IPAS Learning in the Merdeka Curriculum Listriyanti Palangda; Desy Suyono; Niny Makaliwe
Variabel Vol 8, No 2 (2025): OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i2.7976

Abstract

This study aims to analyse teacher readiness and competency in implementing the Independent Curriculum in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with seven informants: the principal, the vice principal for curriculum, two IPAS teachers, and three 10th-grade students. Data analysis techniques used included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to identify patterns, themes, and meanings emerging from the field data. The research focused on teachers' understanding of the Independent Curriculum concept, their ability to design project-based learning and assessment, and the use of technology in the learning process. The results indicated that the readiness and competency of IPAS teachers were still in the early adaptation stage. Teachers had attempted to implement the principles of the Independent Curriculum, but still face challenges in analysing Learning Outcomes (CP), formulating Learning Objectives (TP), developing Learning Objective Flows (ATP), and developing contextual teaching modules. Other obstacles included limited digital literacy, inadequate supporting facilities, and low ability to implement project-based learning. Institutional support from schools existed, but it was not optimal due to limited time, resources, and technical assistance from external parties. Therefore, continuous teacher competency strengthening through practice-based training, increased educational technology literacy, and collaboration between teachers are needed to realise integrative science and science learning in accordance with the spirit of Freedom to Learn.
PENGARUH KUALITAS MENGAJAR GURU, MINAT BELAJAR SISWA, SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP PRESTASI AKADEMIK SISWA Vinly Christine BR Bangun; H.J.D Tamboto; Niny Makaliwe
TEACHING : Jurnal Inovasi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/teaching.v6i2.12395

Abstract

ABSTRACT Academic achievement is one of the key indicators of educational success and is influenced by various internal and external factors. This study aimed to analyze the effects of socioeconomic status, students’ learning interest, and teacher instructional quality on students’ academic achievement at SMK Negeri 2 Tondano, both partially and simultaneously. The study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The sample consisted of 105 students selected as research respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and documentation, and were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis supported by t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The findings revealed that socioeconomic status, students’ learning interest, and teacher instructional quality each had a positive and significant effect on students’ academic achievement. Furthermore, these three variables simultaneously exerted a significant influence on academic achievement, indicating that students’ academic success is shaped by the interaction of family-related factors, individual factors, and instructional factors within the school environment. These findings highlight the importance of collaboration among families, students, and teachers in supporting the improvement of academic achievement. ABSTRAK Prestasi akademik merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan pendidikan yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal dan eksternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh status sosial ekonomi, minat belajar siswa, dan kualitas pengajaran guru terhadap prestasi akademik siswa di SMK Negeri 2 Tondano, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 105 siswa yang dipilih sebagai responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda yang didukung oleh uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status sosial ekonomi, minat belajar siswa, dan kualitas pengajaran guru secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik siswa. Selain itu, ketiga variabel secara simultan juga memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik, yang menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan akademik siswa dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara faktor keluarga, faktor individu, dan faktor pembelajaran di sekolah. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya sinergi antara keluarga, siswa, dan guru dalam mendukung peningkatan prestasi akademik secara optimal.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA SMA Roi Chardo S Naibaho; Jety D. Lempas; Niny Makaliwe
SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/secondary.v6i3.12326

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the effect of instructional video use on student engagement in Economics learning at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. The use of instructional videos is considered an effective strategy to enhance students’ attention, participation, interest, and enjoyment during the learning process. This study employed a quantitative approach using a descriptive survey method. The sample was selected through purposive sampling and consisted of 27 students from Class XA of SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed to measure students’ attention, participation, interest, and enjoyment during learning, as well as their perceptions of the use of instructional videos as a learning medium. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square (χ²) test and the contingency coefficient. The results indicated that the use of instructional videos had a significant effect on student engagement in Economics learning. This finding was demonstrated by the calculated χ² value of 18.616, which exceeded the χ² table value of 9.488 at the 5% significance level. Furthermore, the contingency coefficient analysis revealed a significant relationship between the use of instructional videos and student engagement. The findings suggest that instructional videos can enhance students’ attention, interest, participation, and enjoyment through more engaging, interactive, and easily understandable learning materials. Practically, instructional videos can be utilized as an alternative instructional medium to create a more effective Economics learning environment and encourage active student engagement. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan video pembelajaran terhadap keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran Ekonomi di SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. Penggunaan video pembelajaran dipandang sebagai salah satu strategi yang dapat meningkatkan perhatian, partisipasi, minat, dan kesenangan siswa selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei deskriptif. Sampel penelitian ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling yang melibatkan 27 siswa kelas XA SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner yang mengukur perhatian, partisipasi, minat, dan kesenangan siswa selama pembelajaran, serta persepsi terhadap penggunaan video pembelajaran sebagai media belajar. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Kuadrat (χ²) dan koefisien kontingensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan video pembelajaran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran Ekonomi. Temuan ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai χ² hitung sebesar 18,616 yang lebih besar dibandingkan χ² tabel sebesar 9,488 pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Selain itu, hasil koefisien kontingensi menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan video pembelajaran dan keterlibatan siswa. Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa video pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan perhatian, minat, partisipasi, dan kesenangan siswa melalui penyajian materi yang lebih menarik, interaktif, dan mudah dipahami. Secara praktis, video pembelajaran dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran untuk menciptakan proses belajar Ekonomi yang lebih efektif dan mendorong keterlibatan aktif siswa.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DENGAN BANTUAN VIDEO YOUTUBE TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA Yova Marshanda Machaenas; Niny Makaliwe; Devyano V.F. Ranti
EDUTECH : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Berbantuan Teknologi Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia (P4I)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/edutech.v6i3.12328

Abstract

ABSTRACT The low learning outcomes of students and the predominance of teacher-centered instruction indicate the need for a learning model that can enhance student engagement in the learning process. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by YouTube videos on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Touluaan. This study employed a quasi-experimental method using a non-equivalent control group design. The participants consisted of 50 students divided into an experimental class and a control class, with 25 students in each group. Data were collected through pretests, posttests, observations, and documentation and were analyzed using the N-Gain test and an independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that the learning outcomes of students who were taught using the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by YouTube videos were higher than those of students who received conventional instruction. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between the two groups, with a significance value of 0.038 (p < 0.05), and the improvement in learning outcomes was categorized as moderate based on the N-Gain score. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of Problem-Based Learning assisted by YouTube videos is effective in improving students' learning outcomes. In addition to enhancing students' understanding of the material, this model can serve as an alternative instructional strategy that promotes active participation, develops problem-solving skills, and optimizes the use of digital media in social studies learning at the junior high school level. ABSTRAK                                                        Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dan masih dominannya pembelajaran yang berpusat pada guru menunjukkan perlunya penerapan model pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam proses belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan video YouTube terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Touluaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan desain non-equivalent control group. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 50 siswa yang dibagi ke dalam kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, masing-masing berjumlah 25 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pretest, posttest, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji N-Gain dan uji independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada kelas yang menerapkan model Problem Based Learning berbantuan video YouTube lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,038 (p<0,05) dan peningkatan hasil belajar berada pada kategori sedang berdasarkan nilai N-Gain. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model Problem Based Learning berbantuan video YouTube efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Selain meningkatkan pemahaman materi, model ini dapat dijadikan alternatif strategi pembelajaran yang mendorong keaktifan siswa, mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah, serta mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan media digital dalam pembelajaran IPS di sekolah menengah pertama.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SMP ADVENT TONDANO Risnalia Julyanti Fursima; Niny Makaliwe; Jerry Wuisang
STRATEGY : Jurnal Inovasi Strategi dan Model Pembelajaran Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/strategi.v6i3.12163

Abstract

ABSTRACT Student learning outcomes are one of the indicators of educational success and are influenced by various internal factors, including learning motivation and learning interest. Low levels of motivation and interest in learning may reduce students' engagement in the learning process and consequently affect their academic achievement. This study aimed to examine the effect of learning motivation on students' learning outcomes, the effect of learning interest on students' learning outcomes, and the simultaneous effect of both variables on students' learning outcomes at Advent Junior High School of Tondano. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consisted of 55 seventh- and eighth-grade students, with a sample of 48 students selected through random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and students' academic records and were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression techniques. The results indicated that learning motivation and learning interest had a positive and significant effect on students' learning outcomes (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables demonstrated a strong relationship with students' learning outcomes (R = 0.752). These findings suggest that improving students' motivation and interest in learning can contribute to better learning outcomes. Therefore, teachers and schools need to implement learning strategies that foster students' motivation and interest to optimize academic achievement. ABSTRAK Hasil belajar siswa merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan proses pendidikan yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal, di antaranya motivasi belajar dan minat belajar. Rendahnya motivasi dan minat belajar dapat mengurangi keterlibatan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga berdampak pada pencapaian hasil belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa, pengaruh minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa, serta pengaruh motivasi belajar dan minat belajar secara simultan terhadap hasil belajar siswa di SMP Advent Tondano. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 55 siswa kelas VII dan VIII SMP Advent Tondano, dengan sampel sebanyak 48 siswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dokumentasi nilai akademik siswa, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar dan minat belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa (p < 0,05). Secara simultan, kedua variabel menunjukkan hubungan yang kuat dengan hasil belajar siswa (R = 0,752). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan motivasi dan minat belajar dapat mendukung peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, guru dan sekolah perlu mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan motivasi dan minat belajar siswa guna mengoptimalkan pencapaian hasil belajar.
Co-Authors . Gusnan Abdullah, Sarwin Adji, Putri Nadia Anjelia Ahmad, Juliana Allen A. CH. Manongko Anita Tandayu Anneke Salam Arie Frits Kawulur Brigita Walingkas Cherys Laloan Consuslasia Korompis Damo, Tantri Madya Datunsolang, Soedjarwo Daud Tangkelembang Deslin Mandome Desy Suyono Devid Aring Dominggas Takdare Edwin Wantah Evriani Juniati Kolinug Evriani Juniati Kolinug Feine Tulung Ferry Slat Gilly Marlya Tiwow Grace L Grace, Vinta Gusnan, . H.J.D Tamboto Hamid.docx, Karmila Herman Philips Dolonseda Ilham Abu Ivone Nayoan Iwan Kandori Jerry Rommy Herter Wuisang Jetty D. Lempas Jety Deisye Lempas Joubert Dame Juliana Ahmad Kabahing, Misi Julia Karmila Hamid.docx Kolinug, Evriani Juniati Linda Rumbayan Listriyanti Palangda Lolowang, Tesalonika Luis Ruusen Lumenta, Natalia Brigita Mamanua, Steven Mandome, Deslin Marsela Sangari Mas Ponggohong Maura Rawung Misi Julia Kabahing Natalia Brigita Lumenta Nayoan, Ivone Oroh, Silvana Ponggohong, Mas Punuh Punuh Ranti, Devyano V.F. Rawung, Maura Risnalia Julyanti Fursima Robert Richard Winerungan Roi Chardo S Naibaho Rumbayan, Linda Ryan Kumayas Ryan Kumayas Sangari, Marsela Sarwin Abdullah Sitti Nurhaidah, Wa Ode Slat, Ferry Soedjarwo Datunsolang Sophia Pongoh Steven Mamanua Takdare, Dominggas Tandayu, Anita Tangkelembang, Daud Tantri Madya Damo Taroreh, Johny Tesalonika Lolowang Ursia, Vience Vience Ursia Vinly Christine BR Bangun Vinta Grace Vinta Grace Wa Ode Sitti Nurhaidah Wilson Bogar Yance Tawas Yance Tawas Yova Marshanda Machaenas Yulnike Manalip Yulnike Manalip