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Jurnal Bios Logos
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 20889569     EISSN : 26563282     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.11.2.2020.28153
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS is the journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The aims of the journal are to publish original research papers and article review in biology science i.e. botany, zoology, molecular biology, microbiology, ecology, diversity and conservation, taxonomy and biogeography. BIOS LOGOS is published two times per year (February and August)
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 273 Documents
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The Age, Smoking Habits and Hypertension Incidence in Manado City Community: A Cross-sectional Study Ivonny Melinda Sapulete; Margareth Rosalinda Sapulete; Ronald Imanuel Ottay; Oksfriani Jufri Sumampouw; Jeini Ester Nelwan; Martin Simanjuntak; Frelly Valentino Kuhon
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i1.58398

Abstract

The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia continues to increase from year to year, especially in the city of Manado. The Central Statistics Agency of Manado City shows that hypertension is the disease with the highest prevalence in Manado City with a total of 27,604 cases in 2020. Hypertension risk factors are divided into 2 major parts, namely unmodified risk factors and modified risk factors. Non-modifiable risk factors such as age over 65 years, family history, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) or kidney disease. Risk factors that can be changed include an unhealthy diet (excessive salt consumption, a diet high in saturated fats and trans fats, low intake of fruits and vegetables), lack of physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and being overweight or obese. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between age and smoking habits and the incidence of hypertension in the community in the city of Manado. This study is an observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The data was taken in Manado City. Data collection will be carried out in June 2024. Data collection was carried out through interviews using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the square khi test. The results showed that the most distributed respondents were aged 50 years and over (63.3%), did not smoke (60.0%) and had hypertension (70.0%). The results of bivariate analysis obtained p values of 0.803 (age correlation with hypertension) and 0.328 (correlation between smoking habits and hypertension). This value suggests that there is no significant correlation between age and smoking habits and the incidence of hypertension. It can be concluded that age and smoking are not correlated to the incidence of hypertension in the people of Manado city.
Phytochemical Compounds and Antibacterial Test of Theonella cylindrica against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Christi D. Mambo; Finny Warouw; Edward Nangoy; Inneke Rumengan; Billy Kepel; Robert Bara
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.59230

Abstract

Infectious diseases are a health problem faced by developing countries like Indonesia. This disease is caused by bacteria that attack humans. Improper use of antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance is the most significant public health threat, resulting in greater demand for finding new effective antimicrobials from natural products such as sea sponges. This research aimed to test the antibacterial activity of Theonella extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and determine the class of chemical compounds contained therein. Research stages include sampling, sample preparation and extraction, qualitative phytochemical screening, making solutions, media creation, and antibacterial testing. The research showed that sponges metabolite compounds consisted of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. The diameter of the inhibition zone at concentrations of 80% and 100% showed potential antibacterial activity but more strongly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria than Escherichia coli bacteria.
Attacks and Spatial Distribution of Clove Stem Borer in Southeast Minahasa Regency Elisabet R.M. Meray; Caroulus Simbalis Rante; Betsy Pinaria
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.59233

Abstract

The main problem encountered in the field is the attack of borer pests that attack the stems of clove plants.  This study aims to determine the types, percentage of attacks, and spatial distribution patterns of stem borers attacking clove plants in Southeast Minahasa Regency. The research method was to directly observe the symptoms of attacks by clove stem borers that had been randomly identified in several villages. The spatial distribution pattern was analyzed using the Standardized Morosita Index (Ip). The results of the study showed that the type of stem borer pest attacking clove plants in Southeast Minahasa Regency was Hexamitodera semivelutina Hell. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).  The average percentage of stem borer pest attacks, H. semivelutina, in Pasan Subdistrict was highest in Liwutung 1 Village (33.50%) and lowest in Towuntu Village (25.10%); in East Ratahan District, the highest average percentage of attacks was in Wioi Village (30.40%) and the lowest in Wioi 3 Village (26.30%); while in Belang District, the highest average percentage of attacks was in Watuliney Village (29.90%) and the lowest in Belang Village (19.60%).  Overall, the average percentage of attacks by the stem borer, H. semivelutina, in Southeast Minahasa Regency was 27.92%, ranging from 19.60% to 33.50%. The distribution pattern of the stem borer pest, H. semivelutina, in Southeast Minahasa Regency spreads in clusters with an Ip value of 2.16.
Mortality of Plutella xylostella Linn. from Cabbage Crops in Kakaskasen II Village, Tomohon City, and Its Resistance to Several Commercial Insecticides Caroulus Simbalis Rante; Elisabet R.M. Meray; Daisy S. Kandowangko
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i1.59247

Abstract

Permasalahan utama dalam peningkatan produktivitas tanaman sayuran kubis di Kota Tomohon adalah adanya serangan hama, salah satunya hama Plutella xylostella L.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respon kematian larva dan resistensi hama P. xylostella terhadap beberapa jenis insektisida komersial di laboratorium.  Sebanyak tiga jenis insektisida komersial yang umum digunakan oleh petani, yakni deltametrin, emamektin benzoat, dan profenofos diuji-cobakan pada larva P. xylostella instar 3 dengan menggunakan metode celup daun, larva uji terlebih dahulu dipuasakan.  Pengamatan mortalitas serangga uji dilakukan pada 96 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP) untuk populasi generasi F1 (populasi lapangan) dan generasi F5 (populasi laboratorium).  Data diolah menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dengan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap.  Resistensi P. xylostella terhadap insektisida slot deposit 5000 komersial dihitung dengan menggunakan Nisbah Resistensi (NR).  Nisbah resistensi diperoleh dengan membandingkan LC50 populasi generasi F1 dan LC50 populasi generasi F5.  Hasil penelitian uji toksisitas perlakuan dosis pada masing-masing insektisida yang digunakan menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap mortalitas larva uji.  Mortalitas larva P. xylostella generasi F1 yang diberi perlakuan variasi dosis insektisida deltametrin, emamectin benzoat dan profenofos menunjukkan mortalitas yang rendah pada dosis 1.5 ml/l, 2.0 ml/l dan 2.5 ml/l secara berurutan yakni deltametrin 16.67%, 33.33%, 36.67%; emamectin benzoat 16.67%, 30.00%, 46.67%; dan profenofos 13.33%, 26.67%, 46.67%.  Sedangkan pada generasi F5 (populasi laboratorium), mortalitas larva P. xylostella pada dosis 1.5 ml/l, 2.0 ml/l dan 2.5 ml/l lebih tinggi, secara berurutan yakni deltametrin 73.33%, 93.33%, 96.33%; emamectin benzoat 76.67%, 93.33%, 100.00%; dan profenofos 76.67%, 90.00%, 100.00%.  P. xylostella yang dikendalikan menggunakan insektisida deltametrin telah mengalami resistensi sebesar 2.15 kali, emamectin benzoat 2.17 kali dan profenofos 2.06 kali.
Review Article: Potential of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Renewable Biomass Energy in The Agricultural Sector Song Ai Nio; Daniel Peter Mantilen Ludong
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.60045

Abstract

The decline in fossil fuels, combined with increased fuel consumption and its negative effects on the environment, has necessitated the search for renewable energy alternatives. Among renewable energy sources, biomass is a dependable source because it is constantly available in nature. Indonesia has approximately 49,810 MW of potential plant-based biomass resources. The abundant availability of agricultural waste and biomass conversion techniques allow agricultural biomass, including rice, to be converted into an important renewable energy source. Investments in renewable energy derived from biomass can be made if supplies remain abundant and consistent in the future. Rice husks and straw, which are the primary waste products of rice production, have recently received a lot of attention as a renewable energy resource. The cost of rice husks and straw is lower and has no impact on food prices, and there is no conflict between food and fuel. This paper examines renewable energy derived from agricultural biomass, rice plant waste as a renewable energy source, and the conversion of rice plant waste into energy.
In Silico Study Of Natural Bioactive Compounds As Potential Anti-Mpox Through Molecular Docking On D13 Protein Anastasia Maria Angelica Montolalu; Angelina Stevany Regina Masengi; Jimmy Posangi; Trina Ekawati Tallei; Fatimawali; Christi Diana Mambo; Dian Augina Rintibulawan Rambulangi
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i1.60116

Abstract

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), with a surge in cases posing a major challenge due to the unavailability of specific antivirals. Indonesia's biodiversity offers great opportunities for the exploration of bioactive compounds from natural materials as therapeutic alternatives, especially by targeting the D13 protein, which is an essential structural protein in MPXV. This study aims to evaluate the interaction and affinity of molecular tethering of bioactive compounds to D13 protein and analyse the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of the compounds. The research was conducted using molecular tethering method using Gnina software on Google Colab platform. Antiviral activity prediction was performed using PASS Online, followed by Lipinski's Rule of Five (RO5) evaluation and pharmacokinetic and toxicity analysis using SwissADME and pkCSM. The results showed that the tested bioactive compounds had good potential antiviral activity and fulfilled the RO5 criteria. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity analyses indicated good pharmacokinetic profiles but poor metabolic profiles, with predicted low toxicity levels, supporting the feasibility of these compounds to be further developed as therapeutic candidates. In addition, the bioactive compound showed the ability to interact with D13 protein with the best affinity tethering value of myricetin with a free binding energy (ΔG) value of -8.37 kcal/mol, making it a potential candidate as an antiviral for Mpox.
Analysis of Weed Diversity in Maize (Zea mays L.) Field at Lowland and Highland Areas Arman Adrian Maulana; Yulia Fatmasari; Larasita Aprilia; Niken Ayu Purnamasari; Imam Hanafi; Puji Lestari Tarigan
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.60131

Abstract

Weeds are very detrimental to maize because they compete for light, water and nutrients. This observation aims to determine the composition and structure of weeds on narrow leaves on corn cultivation land in the lowlands, namely in the Saworatap area, Gedangan subdistrict and the highlands in Randuagung village, Wonosari subdistrict, Malang. This observation was carried out in November 2024. The method used in this observation was survey and sample collection techniques were purposive sampling, making plots measuring 1 m x 1 m with a total of 6 plots in both locations. In the lowlands, the composition of grass weeds is only two species, namely Eleusine indica and Setaria verticillata which belong to the Poaceae family. The composition of grass weeds in the highlands has a higher species diversity, namely six species divided into two families. Weed species belonging to the Poaceae family are Echinochloa colona, ​​Setaria verticillata, Eleusine indica, and Chrysopogon zizanioide, while grass weeds belonging to the Cyperaceae or enigma family are Cyperus iria and Cyperus rotundus.
In Silico Study of Quercetin and Its Derivatives as Potential Antituberculosis Angelina Stevany Regina Masengi; Greachylia Chelzy; Jimmy Posangi; Trina Ekawati Tallei; Fatimawali; Christi Diana Mambo; Dian Augina Rintibulawan Rambulangi
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i1.60150

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the second leading cause of death in the world, with the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line drugs, such as isoniazid (INH), contributing to the emergence of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). This study aims to evaluate the potential of quercetin and its derivatives as InhA enzyme inhibitors through an in silico approach to offer innovative therapeutic alternatives to improve the effectiveness of TB treatment. The analysis includes physicochemical properties, ADMET profiles, molecular interactions, and affinity of compounds to the InhA enzyme as an antituberculosis target. The study workflow included ligand and receptor preparation, prediction of biological activity, physicochemical and ADMET analysis, docking validation, molecular docking, and visualization of molecular interactions. Molecular docking was performed using Gnina software, showing that rutin has the lowest binding energy (ΔG) of -12.22 kcal/mol, indicating strong interaction affinity. In addition, ADMET and toxicity analysis showed good pharmacokinetic potential for the test compounds Docking validation confirmed the reliability of the employed methodology, further supporting the potential of quercetin and its derivatives as antituberculosis candidates. However, although quercetin and its derivatives showed promising biological activity, the ADMET profile results were variable, requiring further optimization to develop effective and safe TB therapies.
Concentrations of Heavy Metals Pb and Cd in Porites lutea Coral in Mandalika Coastal Waters Asha Aulia Zahara; Dining Aidil Candri; Hilman Ahyadi; Rachmawati Noviana Rahayu; I Wayan Suana
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.60222

Abstract

The Mandalika Coastal Area, located in Central Lombok Regency, is a row of beaches and bays that have a large coral reef ecosystem and intertidal zone area. The increasing growth of activities on the Mandalika coast will affect the life of the coral reef ecosystem, one of which is the concentration of heavy metals that exceeds the quality standard limits which will be very dangerous for coral reefs. This study aims to determine the concentration of the heavy metals lead and cadmium in Porites lutea coral reefs in Kuta, Tanjung Aan and Gerupuk beaches. Research data collection (field and laboratory) was carried out in May 2023. Coral reef preparation was carried out at the Advanced and Analytical Biology Laboratory, FMIPA, University of Mataram and measurements of heavy metal content were carried out at the Environmental Laboratory, the West Nusa Tenggara Province Environment and Forestry Service. Measurement and calculation of heavy metal content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals lead and cadmium in Porites lutea coral reefs are < 0.0005 mg/L and < 0.0001 mg/L, which are still below the quality standards (PPRI No.22 of 2021 concerning Sea water Wuality Standards on Marine Biota). The Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) value in all samples of P. lutea coral in Mandalika coastal waters is 0.00 mg/L, this shows that there is no accumulation of heavy metals in P. lutea coral.
Morphological Characteristics and Antagonist Test Trichoderma sp. Against Fungi Helminthosporium sp. Causing Leaf Blight Disease in Corn Plants In Vitro Santoso, Ardelia Qonita; Siahaan, Parluhutan; Baideng, Eva
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.60620

Abstract

Helminthosporium sp. is an organism that causes leaf blight disease in corn plants, thus becoming one of the causes of declining production in the agricultural sector. Lack of awareness and low knowledge of farmers in control efforts that still use synthetic pesticides that have a negative impact on the environment and health, therefore the use of antagonistic microbes that live around plant roots such as Trichoderma sp. is one way to control environmentally friendly soil-borne pathogens. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Trichoderma sp. and Helminthosporium sp. macroscopically and microscopically and to test the antagonistic ability of Trichoderma sp. fungi based on competition tests, antibiosis tests and mycoparasitism tests against Helminthosporium sp. fungi isolate Tondegesan. Trichoderma sp. fungal antagonist test against Helminthosporium sp. fungi using the duo plate assay method in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media in vitro. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. fungi. has macroscopic morphological characteristics of dark green colonies with fine cotton fibers and microscopic morphological characteristics of green septate hyphae, upright conidiophores and many branches. Helmintosporium sp. fungi have macroscopic morphological characteristics of flat fibrous colony surfaces, oval shapes with slightly brownish white colors and microscopic morphological characteristics of fairly thick hyphal walls with yellowish brown colors. Based on the antagonist test, Trichoderma sp. fungi have an inhibition percentage of 71% against Helminthosporium sp. fungi on the seventh day.

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