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Jurnal Bios Logos
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 20889569     EISSN : 26563282     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.11.2.2020.28153
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS is the journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The aims of the journal are to publish original research papers and article review in biology science i.e. botany, zoology, molecular biology, microbiology, ecology, diversity and conservation, taxonomy and biogeography. BIOS LOGOS is published two times per year (February and August)
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 276 Documents
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Metabolite Profiling of Kombucha Fermented Beverage with Substrate Variation Agustina Monalisa Tangapo; Pience Veralyn Maabuat; Beivy Kolondam; Lalu Wahyudi; Susan Marlein Mambu; Marsia Pasassa
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.63719

Abstract

Kombucha is a fermented beverage of tea and sugar with symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY/symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast). Changes in chemical composition which are functional constituents and flavor components of kombucha beverages can occur during kombucha fermentation. Substrate is one of the factors determining the characteristics of kombucha. Generally, the substrate used in making kombucha comes from Camellia sinensis tea leaves. Modification of substrates for kombucha fermentation with herbs can increase the various potentials of kombucha. The aim of this study was to analyze untargeted metabolomics for metabolite profiling of kombucha fermented from different substrates (clove leaves, guava leaves, mint leaves, and morel berry leaves). The research methods used were controlled fermentation for fourteen days, and metabolomic analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The results showed that different substrates affected the metabolite content profile of fermented kombucha. The metabolite profile of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry results identified from clove kombucha as many as 26 metabolites, from guava kombucha 13 metabolites, from mint leaf kombucha 24 metabolites, and morel berry leaf kombucha with 21 metabolites. There is a metabolite identified from each kombucha with these substrate variations, namely 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural.
The Potential Toxicity of Animal Oils to Pathogenic Fungi Nila Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) Deidy Y Katili; Marina Flora Oktavine Singkoh; Frans Bernhard Rondonuwu; Stella Deiby Umboh; Marnix L D Langoy; Vivi B Montong
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.63830

Abstract

Nila is a type of freshwater fish that has high economic value, as a source of animal protein for the community, and is an important commodity in the freshwater fish business. Nila is also one of the main commodities that contributes to the increase in aquaculture production. Nila farming often faces the problem of declining yields due to diseases. One of the diseases that is very detrimental to freshwater fish is diseases caused by fungi. The purpose of this study is to test the toxicity of animal oil in inhibiting the growth of Nila pathogenic fungi. Isolation of pathogenic fungi in fish is carried out by cutting the infected parts (scales, fins, and gills) with a size of about 1x1cm. After pure culture is carried out on each pathogenic fungus, then macroscopic and microscopic identification is carried out. Animal oil (lard oil) is taken in the market that is already available. Animal oil is made in four concentration series, namely 25ppm, 50ppm, 75ppm, and 100ppm and control (0ppm). The toxicity test was carried out in vitro using the toxic bait method, which was carried out by growing Nila pathogenic fungi inoculum on PDA media that had been mixed with animal oil. The results of animal fungicide toxicity testing in 5 treatments (A= control – E= 100 ppm) obtained the diameter of pathogenic fungal colonies (5 pathogenic fungi) ranging from 2.88 cm – 6.82 cm. Animal oil fungicides can affect pathogenic fungi in fish, this can be seen in pathogenic fungi Aspergillus sp. which has a relative resistance of 49% (100 ppm), the category is quite influential with a colony diameter of 3.5 cm and in the pathogenic fungus Mucor sp. With a relative resistance of 56% (100 ppm), the category is quite influential with a colony diameter of 2.88 cm.
Inventarization and Diversity Index of Gastropods in Meras Beach, Bunaken District, North Sulawesi Muhammad Rifki; Adelfia Papu; Saroyo Saroyo; Hizkia Rengkung; Ermas Isnaeni Lukman
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i2.64378

Abstract

Gastropods play an important role in maintaining the balance of coastal ecosystems, particularly as detritivores that support nutrient cycling. Pantai Meras, located in North Sulawesi, has a complex coastal ecosystem that includes mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, which support high biodiversity. However, information regarding gastropod diversity in this area remains limited. This study aims to identify gastropod species and analyze their diversity levels in the waters of Pantai Meras. A purposive sampling method was used for data collection, employing 0.5 m × 0.5 m plots placed randomly at 45 sampling points across three research stations with different substrate types, namely sandy substrate (Station 1), muddy sand substrate (Station 2), and sand mixed with coral fragments (Station 3). Data were analyzed using PAST software version 4.17 to calculate the Shannon diversity index (H’). The results showed a total of 243 gastropod individuals belonging to 89 species from six orders, with Neogastropoda being the dominant order, comprising 59 species. The most abundant species was Nassarius globosus, with a total of 26 individuals recorded. The overall Shannon diversity index (H') was 4.14, which falls into the high diversity category. The highest H' value was recorded at Station 1 (4.08), followed by Station 3 (4.02), and the lowest at Station 2 (3.43). The high gastropod diversity at Pantai Meras indicates that the coastal ecosystem in this area is still in good condition and capable of supporting sustainable gastropod populations. Environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, as well as the presence of mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs contribute to the high species diversity of gastropods in the study area.
Development of Commercial Sterility Detection Method Based on Chromogenic Media Agar in UHT Coconut Cream Liquid Products Tangkau, Ester Ruth Youla; Rori, Chindy Achika; Kamto, Yoel William Prasetyo; Mangangantung, Brayen; Tangapo, Agustina Monalisa
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i3.64802

Abstract

Commercial sterility analysis is a crucial step in quality control of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) products such as coconut cream liquid products produced by PT Sasa Inti Minahasa Selatan, to ensure the safety and stability of shelf life. Stability incubation testing takes a long time, which is 7-14 days. Development of commercial sterility methods using Chromogenic Agar selective media is needed to cut the incubation time that is too long. Agar Chromogenic Media is tested for its ability to detect common contaminants in UHT coconut cream products, in particular thermophilic and mesophilic microorganisms that cause spoilage, with a short incubation time. UHT coconut cream samples are prepared by artificial and natural inoculation. Validation was carried out by comparing the results on standard media based on sensitivity, specificity and Time-to-result (TTR) parameters. The results showed a real difference between NA/TGEA media and chromogenic media so that the reading of bacterial colonies growing on chromogenic media was clearer and easier to read due to the change in color and short incubation time where the bacteria causing decay had grown on day 5 with a reading of results that took only 24 hours. Based on the validation that has been carried out, chromogenic selective media can accelerate product release time and improve quality control efficiency in the UHT coconut cream industry.
Dynamic Occupancy, Temporal Activity and Distribution Pattern of The Sulawesi Palm Civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii) in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park Patandung, Alfons; Saroyo; Singkoh, Marina Flora Oktavine; Rahman, Arief; Rahmanita, Dini
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i3.65690

Abstract

The Sulawesi Palm Civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii) is the only endemic carnivore on Sulawesi and a key mesopredator within Wallacean forest ecosystems. Despite its conservation significance, empirical information on its population dynamics and habitat associations remains limited. This study analyzes four consecutive years of camera‑trap monitoring (2021–2024) in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park to evaluate occupancy patterns, environmental drivers, and temporal activity. Using a Bayesian dynamic occupancy framework, we estimated annual occupancy (ψ), detection probability (p), colonization (γ), and local extinction (ε), while examining the influence of elevation, slope, and additional landscape covariates. A consistent sampling effort of 49–50 cameras per year yielded 3,446–4,047 trap nights annually, with low but stable detection rates. Occupancy declined markedly from 0.86 in 2021 to 0.51 in 2024. Elevation and slope emerged as the strongest predictors of occupancy, indicating a preference for mid‑elevation forest habitats. Colonization (0.364–0.654) and extinction probabilities (0.286–0.587) exhibited high interannual variability, suggesting a metapopulation‑like dynamic influenced by habitat fragmentation and environmental instability. Temporal activity analysis revealed predominantly nocturnal and crepuscular behavior, consistent across years. These findings provide the most comprehensive ecological assessment of sulawesi palm civet to date and highlight the species’ sensitivity to habitat degradation. Long‑term monitoring, protection of montane forest corridors, and community‑based conservation programs are recommended to ensure long‑term persistence.
Loss of Aerobic Respiration and Hydrocarbon Degradation Potential in Soils Acutely Contaminated with Used Vegetable Oil Kindangen, Wulan; Mantiri, Feky; Mambu, Susan
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i3.66094

Abstract

The improper disposal of waste cooking oil (WCO) presents a significant environmental issue as it can obstruct soil pores and rapidly induce anoxia. However, the genomic-scale disturbance that occurs immediately after a spill remains poorly understood. Here, we used comparative 16S rRNA metagenomics to investigate early-stage dysbiosis in tropical alluvial–regosol soils from North Sulawesi subjected to acute WCO contamination (<3 months). We observed a significant decline in alpha diversity and a fundamental restructuring of the soil microbiome, characterized by an expansion of opportunistic Proteobacteria, particularly the order Burkholderiales, displacing a diverse native flora. Importantly, predictive functional profiling using PICRUSt2 revealed a critical metabolic bottleneck: although genes associated with aromatic-compound degradation (e.g., toluene and catechol pathways) were selectively enriched, core aerobic respiration pathways were strongly suppressed, especially cytochrome c oxidase. This physiological decoupling suggests that, while indigenous “first responder” communities retain enzymatic potential to degrade pollutants, their catabolic activity is severely constrained by physical oxygen limitation. In contrast to this acute-state pattern of Proteobacterial proliferation coupled with respiratory impairment, our prior observations from chronically WCO-contaminated soils in Bitung indicate a Firmicutes-dominated endpoint consistent with a stable, fermentation-associated community under long-term oxygen limitation. Collectively, these findings highlight immediate soil aeration as a critical intervention to unlock the latent bioremediation potential of indigenous bacterial communities.
The Effect of Addition Various Concentrations of Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the Quality of Porang Tubers (Amorphophallus sp.) Wati, Ira; Helmi, Henny; Lingga, Rahmad
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i3.61693

Abstract

Porang tubers (Amorphophallus sp.) are a food commodity rich in glucomannan but also contain antinutritional compounds such as calcium oxalate. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on improving the quality of porang flour and its ability to reduce calcium oxalate content. The research method used was fermentation with the addition of various concentrations of S. cerevisiae. The treatments applied were soaking with 10% S. cerevisiae, 20% S. cerevisiae, and a control treatment without yeast (0%). Parameters observed during the fermentation process included pH, total acidity, and total population in the porang soaking water. Meanwhile, yield, calcium oxalate, glucomannan, starch, moisture, ash, and color were analyzed to assess porang flour quality. The results showed that pH decreased and total acidity increased with the length of fermentation up to 72 hours. Yeast increased at 10% and 20% S. cerevisiae concentrations until 48 hours and decreased at 72 hours, whereas in the control treatment, population of yeast decreased up to 48 hours and increased at 72 hours. The study indicated that fermentation with S. cerevisiae effectively reduced calcium oxalate content and improved porang flour quality. The lowest calcium oxalate content was found in the 10% S. cerevisiae treatment, while the highest glucomannan content was observed in the 20% treatment. Porang flour treated with 20% S. cerevisiae showed lower moisture and ash content, while flour from the 10% treatment had higher starch content and a brighter color. Based on various test parameters, the porang flour produced in this study complied good quality standards.
The Relationship Between Ship Space, Vector Presence, and Sanitation Food and Processing Waste to Sanitation Ships Anchored at Tobelo Port yunus, Malik; Dadere, Engganis; Tahulending, Jane
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i3.62305

Abstract

The aim of the research is to analyze the connection between the condition of the room on the ship, the existence of vectors, the sanitation of food, and the processing of waste to level the sanitation of ships anchored at Tobelo Port. The type of research uses an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population study is all over the anchored ship​ during the period of research, with samples taken according to the criteria of eligibility, inspection, and sanitation of the ship. Data collected through observation, interviews, and assessment checklists of sanitation boats based on guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Data analysis was carried out in a univariate and bivariate way using the chi-square test. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship​ between condition room ships (p<0.05), presence of vectors (p<0.05), food sanitation (p<0.05), and waste processing (p<0.05) and the level of sanitation on the ship. The ship is in clean condition, has a free room​ vector, has management of hygienic food, and has good waste processing, showing an adequate mark for sanitation​ and a healthy environment on the ship. In conclusion, the internal factors of the ship, like room, control vectors, sanitation food, and systems processing waste, play an important role in guarding the sanitation of the ship. Required improvement supervision and routine guidance by officers of the health harbor ensure every anchored ship​ fulfills the established standard of sanitation.​
Species Diversity of Understory Vegetation of Riparian Zone of Upper Ranoyapo River, South Minahasa, North Sulawesi Wanindi, Agustina; Siahaan, Ratna; Nio, Song Ai
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i3.62564

Abstract

Riparian is a transitional ecosystem that occupies the area between land and river water bodies. The study aimed to analyze the diversity of understory vegetation of riparian zone of the Ranoyapo River upstream at Kinamang Village and Kinamang Satu Village, South Minahasa Regency. Vegetation samples were taken at two stations, namely Station I at Kinamang Village before the Ranoyapo dam and Station II in Kinamang Satu Village after dam. The purposive sampling method was used with quadrat plot vegetation analysis. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. Understory vegetation found in the riparian zone of the Ranoyapo River upstream amounted to 16 species, namely Acmella paniculata, Arenga pinata, Aglaonema simplex, Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta, Diospyros abyssinica, Diplazium esculentum, Diplazium sp., Elatostema stewardii, Ficus septica, Homalomena sp., Hellenia speciosa, Musa paradisiaca, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Phrynium pubinerve, Piper sp., and Selaginella obtusa. The diversity index of riparian vegetation understory vegetation at Station I and Station II were 1.76 and 1.95, respectively were classified as moderate diversity. This indicated that there was ecological pressure on the riparian understory vegetation of the upstream Ranoyapo River.
The Effect of Stem Cutting Time on the Growth and Yield of Lowland Rice on the Organic-Based SALIBU System Najoan, Jemmy; Paulus, MS, Jeanne M.; Demmassabu, Langimanapa Sofia
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v15i3.63750

Abstract

Innovation in organic-based rice cultivation technology is needed to overcome the food crisis. One method is the SALIBU (single planting, multiple harvests) system, which requires precise control of rice stem cutting height. This study aims to examine the growth and production of lowland rice in response to rice stem cutting height using the SALIBU method. Field research was conducted for six months (April-October 2024) in Taratara Dua Village, Tomohon City. The materials used included Inpari 32 rice seeds, straw compost, liquid organic fertiliser, and Phonska NPK fertiliser. This study used a Randomised Block Design (RBD) with four stem cutting time treatments: 0, 3, 6, and 9 days after harvest, each with three replications. Observed variables included plant height, number of productive tillers, number of full and empty grains per panicle, and harvest yield. The results showed that stem cutting time significantly affected plant height, number of productive tillers, number of full grains, and harvested dry grain yield (GKP). However, there was no significant effect on the number of empty grains. The most effective time for cutting stems is 0 days after harvest (at harvest time).

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