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Chimica et Natura Acta
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23550864     EISSN : 25412574     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Chimica et Natura Acta diterbitkan oleh Departemen Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Padjadjaran tiga kali setiap tahun pada bulan April, Agustus dan Desember. Artikel yang dimuat mencakup Kimia Analisis dan Pemisahan, Kimia Material, Kimia Energi dan Lingkungan, Kimia Organik Bahan Alam dan Sintesis, Biomolekular Pangan dan Kesehatan serta topik-topik lain yang berhubungan dengan ilmu Kimia.
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 13, No 1 (2025)" : 10 Documents clear
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Cutibacterium acnes on Jatropha gossypifolia leaves and Pommetia pinata Bark Zahra, Ummi; Nur, Arfiani; Kurniati, Nunung; Yusril, Yusril; Baharuddin, Maswati
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.54007

Abstract

Cutibacterium acnes is a bacterium that can cause inflammation of the skin tissue and lead to acne. Inhibitory activity treatment can be carried out using natural compounds unique to Indonesia as a tropical country, namely Pometia pinnata stem bark and red Jatropha gossypifolia leaves. Pometia pinnata stem bark and red Jatropha gossypifolia leaves are known to have the potential for antibacterial activity. This study aims to combine the two plants as anti-bacterial agents against Cutibacterium acnes and as antioxidants. The method used in this study was maceration, employing ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents for antibacterial and antioxidant activity tests, specifically paper disc diffusion and DPPH assays. The results showed that J. gossypifolia and Pometia pinnata leaf extracts contain flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and tannins. The antibacterial activity of a mixture of ethanol extracts from J. gossypifolia and Pometia pinnata leaves against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria was strong, categorized at a concentration of 25%. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the antioxidant capacity between the mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The antioxidant capacity value was approximately 53% AEAC at a concentration of 500 ppm.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulase Enzyme from Sago Bettle Larvae Febryanti, Amalyah; Baharuddin, Maswati; Abeng, Tendri
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.48974

Abstract

Sago beetle larvae are larvae that consume cellulose and convert it into simple compounds with the help of cellulase enzymes. The enzyme is produced by bacteria found in the larvae's intestines. This study aims to characterize the cellulase enzyme from R8W bacteria, which is a cellulolytic bacterium and derived from sago beetle larvae. The characterization in this research included determination of the optimum temperature, the optimum pH, and the optimum substrate concentration of the enzyme. The methods in this study consisted of the production of enzymes; characterization of cellulase enzyme by DNS method; and measurement of cellulase enzyme activity on natural substrates. The results showed that the cellulase enzyme R8W bacterial isolates from beetle larvae were in optimum conditions respectively at a temperature of 50 °C (enzyme activity of 0.070 U/mL), pH 8 (enzyme activity of 0.069 U/mL), substrate concentration of 2% (enzyme activity of 0.063 U/mL); cellulase enzyme activity of R8W bacterial isolates from sago beetle larvae on rice husk cellulose as a natural substrate was 0.103 U/mL. The characteristics of the cellulase enzyme of R8W bacterial isolate from sago beetle larvae had an optimum temperature of 50 °C, an optimum pH of 8, and an optimum substrate concentration of 2%.
Formulation of Nanoemulsion Based Sungkai Leaves Extract (Peronema canescens Jack) and Cinnamon Oil (Cinnamomum Burmannii (Nees & Th Nees) Blume) as an Antioxidant and Skin Protection Factors (SPF) Agent Agustin, Putri; Ihsan, Mahya; Lestari, Ade; Tarigan, Indra Lasmana
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.55234

Abstract

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) are herbal plants which are known to have a high content of secondary metabolite compounds as a source of natural antioxidants which are able to inhibit free radical compounds in the body and convert these free radical compounds into non-radical compounds. The greater the free radical scavenger activity in the product, the better the SPF value will be. However, the use of the extract as an active substance in cosmetic dosage forms has a low pharmaceutical elegance, so the extract is formulated using the SNEDDS (Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) technique. Nanoemulsion able to increase the solubility of natural ingredients by eliminating variability in absorption, permeability, and the bioavailability of drugs or bioactive compounds from natural ingredient extracts by maximizing drug penetration into the body and minimizing side effects. The aim of this research is to characterize a nanoemulsion preparation from a combination of sungkai leaves extract and cinnamon in order to obtain the optimal formula for a nanoemulsion preparation as an antioxidant product and skin protection factor agent. This research began with making extracts using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, followed by making nanoemulsions using the spontaneous method. The extract concentration used was 200 mg. Observation of physical properties includes centrifugation test, organoleptic test, percent transmittance, solubility, pH, emulsion type, particle size, polydispersity index, antioxidant activity, SPF value of nanoemulsion preparation and irritation test. Analysis was carried out based on descriptive test parameters. Based on the research results, nanoemulsion preparations were made with Tween 80 surfactant, PEG 400 cosurfactant, VCO oil phase, and aqua deion water phase. So that the optimum formula nanoemulsion preparation (F1) was obtained with an active substance concentration of 100 mg sungkai extract and 100 mg cinnamon extract that met the requirements as a transparent, stable, visual nanoemulsion preparation product, with a transmittance value of 98%, a skin pH range of 6.14, having emulsion type (o/w) with a nanoemulsion particle size of 35.0 nm, PI of 0.479 and has a very strong IC50 antioxidant activity of 20.29 ppm with an SPF value of 7.4 in extra protection.
Dukunolide D from the Root of Lansium domesticum Corr. cv Kokosan Suryana, Angela; Alimuddin, Andi Hairil; Rudiyansyah, Rudiyansyah
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.54511

Abstract

Lansium domesticum has three varieties and one of the varieties is kokosan. These plants contain limonoids as the main constituents. Phytochemical investigation of L. domesticum cv kokosan has identified onoceranoids-type triterpenoids and tetranortriterpenoids from the seeds, fruit peels, and bark except for the root. This research described dukunolide D (1) that has been obtained from the methanol extract of the root of kokosan. Methanol root extract was fractioned by n-hexane and dichloromethane (DCM). All fractions including the crude extract were screened for phytochemical test. The DCM fraction was chromatographed in order to obtain compound 1. DART-HRMS of compound 1 showed a positive ion peak at m/z 469.1861 [M+H]+ (calculated 469.1862 corresponding for C26H29O8). The structure of 1 was fully determined by 1D (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT-135) and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and by comparison with data from literature.
Coating of Ti-6Al-4V Metal Alloys Nanotube with Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Composites using the Dip-Coating Methods Charlena, Charlena; Wahyudi, Setyanto Tri; Nurmawan, Cucu Putri
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.57959

Abstract

The Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy is an implantable material because of its strength, lightweightness, and corrosion resistance properties. Metal alloy surfaces need to be modified to improve corrosion resistance. Therefore, the study aims to modify the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloys to form nanotube structures and to coat the hydroxyapatite composite (HAp)-gelatin-PVA in Ti-6Al-4V metal alloys. Nanotubes were formed by anodizing methods in an ethylene glycol-H2O (9:1) solution containing 0.6% NH4F at 20V for 3 hours. The result of SEM showed that the diameter of the nanotube hole is about 30−40 nm and that it is formed homogeneously. The result of coating nanotube metal alloys with composite HAp-gelatin-PVA is that they are evenly distributed and thicker. The morphology of a homogeneous small granule composite coating composite. The X-ray diffraction showed shows that the composite HAp-gelatin-PVA crystalline size coated on nanotube metal alloy is smaller than that of non-nanotube. Nanotube Ti-6Al-4V coated metal alloy with HAp-gelatin-PVA composites had shows poor bioactivity that had not beenand thus not able to increase the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloys.
New Custom Primers for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 using the Singleplex rRT‒PCR SYBR Green-Based Method with the NSP10 and N genes as Targets Gaffar, Shabarni; Shabrinna, Hanif; Putri, Rafika; Wiraswati, Hesti Lina; Hartati, Yeni Wahyuni; Ishmayana, Safri; Faridah, Lia; Ekawardhani, Savira
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.53493

Abstract

Although COVID-19 is no longer a global health emergency, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection tests are still needed. In this study, we developed a cost-effective test, the SYBR Green-based rRT‒PCR kit, using new custom primers targeting the N and NSP10 genes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The specificity of the designed primers was determined through agarose gel electrophoresis. A standard curve generated from a ten-fold dilution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was used to determine the efficiency and sensitivity of the kit. Validation of this protocol was carried out on ten clinical specimens. As expected, the results showed that the N and NSP10 gene primers produced 134 and 161 bp products, respectively. The limits of detection and limit of quantification with N gene primers were 7.74 and 23.46 copies/μL, respectively, and those with the NSP10 gene primers were 4.69 and 14.21 copies/μL, with a PCR efficiency of 102.5% and 110.6%, respectively. The validation results with clinical specimens revealed that seven samples were true-positive for COVID-19 (Ct range 15.09–21.33), and three were confirmed to be true-negative. Costs associated with COVID-19 patient testing can be anticipated to decrease with the use of custom primers for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 via the use of the singleplex rRT‒PCR mix SYBR Green.
Plasmonic Sensor Nata de Coco Film Inserted with Copper Nanoparticles for Detection of Mercury by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Watoni, Abdul Haris Haris; Rijal, Rijal; Ramadhan, La Ode Ahmad Nur; Kadir, La Ode Abdul
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.54839

Abstract

The rapid development of the mining industry has resulted in an increasing amount of toxic waste materials in the environment, including mercury (Hg). A reliable chemical sensor is needed to detect the presence of mercury. One of the chemical sensors that is starting to be widely developed is plasmonic film. This research aims to determine the characteristics and validity of plasmonic nata de coco-copper nanoparticle (CuNPs) films for cuvette type sensor chips in the rapid detection of Hg metal using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This research began with the preparation of a bioreductor from red dragon fruit peel extract, green synthesis of CuNPs, synthesis of nata de coco, and synthesis of nata de coco-cellulose plasmonic film inserted with CuNPs-red dragon fruit peel extract. The next stage is the validation and application of plasmonic films for Hg metal detection using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The success of this research was proven through characterization using an Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, a Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrophotometer, and a digital optical microscope. UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis showed the formation of stable CuNPs with a diameter of 46 nm - 92 nm. FTIR analysis shows changes in functional groups in the red dragon fruit peel extract compound, nata de coco cellulose, and the formation of Cu-O bonds as an indication that the process of reducing Cu2+ ions to Cu0 has occurred and the insertion of CuNPs-red dragon fruit peel extract in the nata de coco cellulose film matrix. Analysis using an optical microscope shows the morphology of CuNPs with a uniform round shape. Measurement of the Hg standard solution using UV-Vis spectrophotometry in a cuvette inserted with a plasmonic film has good accuracy and precision with %R = 103.9% and %RSD = 0.9%, with LOD and LOQ values of 0.193 ppm and 0.245 ppm, respectively. The use of plasmonic film in determining Hg using UV-Vis spectrophotometry was proven more sensitive than without plasmonic film with a sensitivity value of 1.50. These results indicate that the pasmonic film from nata de coco-CuNPs has the potential to be applied as a cuvette type sensor chip for Hg metal detection.
Mechanical Properties of Films Based on Blends of Starch-Coumarin Complex and Other Polymers Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose Permatasari, Amaliya Sita; Rachmawati, Rachmawati
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.48858

Abstract

This research aimed to develop scented plastic materials based on cassava starch, coumarin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and other polymers such as xanthan gum, karaya gum, gum arabic, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(lactic acid). The films were made by solvent casting, focusing on using starch-coumarin (SC) complex as the base material. The SC complex was prepared by mixing starch and coumarin using water as a dispersion medium. The amount of coumarin was 5% (w/w), based on total weight of starch and coumarin. Several variations were used, such as types of plasticizers, stirring and sonication times to disperse MCC, types of added polymers, and the mass ratio between the added polymer and the starch-coumarin complex. The results showed that the films made of plasticizers 20% (w/w), consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG200) and glycerol with a mass ratio of 1:1, prepared by implementing 30 minutes stirring and 50 minutes sonication times of dispersing MCC of 4% (w/w), with the mass ratio of added polymer:complex of 1:2, resulted in the most optimum mechanical properties. Using this procedure and composition, added polymers of xanthan gum, karaya gum, and PVA produced homogenous films with tensile strength of 1.5-6.7 MPa, elongation of 9.5-189.7%, and Young’s modulus of 2.3-7.9 MPa. Amongst these added polymers, PVA showed the best compatibility in the blend, resulting in a film with a tensile strength of 3.9 MPa, an elongation of 189.7%, and Young’s modulus of 2.3.
Bioactive Compounds of Insulin Leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as DPP4 Enzyme Inhibitors in Insulin Signaling Mechanism for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: In Silico Study Wardani, Intan Kusuma; Aulia, Winni Nur; Saputro, Anjar Hermadi; Ainiya, Aliva; Mariska, Soraya; Kamilaini, Diva Arisanti; Vega, Amelia; Maharani, Ayu Puspita; Fransisca, Ni Putu Vina
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.55137

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by a relative insulin deficiency caused by pancreatic cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Herbal-based traditional medicine can be an alternative, one of which is insulin leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius), which has antidiabetic effects and can lower blood sugar levels by inhibiting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. DPP4 inhibitors are a class of antidiabetic drugs used in the treatment of type 2 DM. This study aims to analyze and predict the binding patterns of flavonoid derivatives from insulin leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius) compounds to the DPP4 enzyme inhibitor, to determine the binding affinity of these compounds to the target protein as an antidiabetic agent. The study was conducted using an in silico method, utilizing the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), Avogadro Software, AutoDockTools (version 1.5.6), and Biovia Discovery Studio 2021 for molecular docking and prediction of binding patterns and affinity for the DPP4 N7F protein. The results of this study showed that the binding energy value obtained from the natural ligand N7F was -11.0 kcal/mol. The binding energy value for 1,19-dihydroxy-2,6,10,14-phytateraen-18-oic-acid with the N7F protein was -9.8 kcal/mol. Therefore, 1,19-dihydroxy-2,6,10,14-phytateraen-18-oic-acid has a more stable binding with the DPP4 enzyme N7F target protein. Based on the results obtained from molecular docking of the flavonoid derivative compounds from insulin leaf (S. sonchifolius), the compound 1,19-dihydroxy-2,6,10,14-phytateraen-18-oic-acid  showed the most potential as a DPP4 enzyme inhibitor among the other compounds.
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite-Zirconia Composite and Activity Test as Dental Implant Material Noviyanti, Atiek Rostika; Yashfi, Difa Muhammad; Deawati, Yusi; Maryani, Eneng; Hemzah, Sabila Aulia; Ma’amor, Azman
Chimica et Natura Acta Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Departemen Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/cna.v13.n1.60026

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the bioceramics that is widely used in various fields, one of which is the health sector as a dental implant material. One of the reasons is that hydroxyapatite has good biocompatibility. In this study, natural calcium sources such as eggshell waste were utilized for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. However, its mechanical properties do not yet meet the requirements as a dental implant material, its modification is usually done by adding other compounds, such as zirconium oxide. Zirconium oxide can be used as a support material because it has good strength, toughness, and durability as a dental implant. Therefore, in this study, a hydroxyapatite-zirconium oxide (HAp-ZrO2) composite was synthesized for dental implant material. This study aims to determine the effect of adding ZrO2 on increasing the mechanical and corrosion resistance of HAp. The research methods include isolation of CaO from chicken eggshells, synthesis of hydroxyapatite, synthesis of HAp-ZrO2 composite, hardness test, and corrosion resistance test. Based on SEM images, the addition of ZrO2 can reduce the level of HAp agglomeration. The addition of ZrO2 to HAp did not significantly affect the increase in HAp hardness since the zirconia phase formed is possibly dominated by the cubic phase. The optimum HAp-ZrO2 composite was obtained with a variation of HAp-90%-ZrO2-10% which showed the highest crystallinity of 75.37% with a crystal size at 10.15 nm with corrosion resistance comparable to pure HAp.

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