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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,520 Documents
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Antifungal Effectiveness Test of Gleichenia linearis Burm. (Farm) Leaf Extract on Candida albicans Fungi Azis, Asyari Al Hutama; Pratiwi, Yani; Nurfirawati, Nurfirawati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10781

Abstract

The fern leaf (Gleichenia linearis Burm.) is a species of fern known to have potential as an agent that inhibits fungal growth. This study aims to test the antifungal effectiveness of fern leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans and determine the most effective concentration. The extract was obtained through 70% ethanol maceration from 500 g of dried leaves, then formulated in concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%. Disc diffusion tests were carried out on SDA media, with 10 μg ketoconazole as a positive control and 70% ethanol as a negative control. The results showed an average inhibition zone of 4.66 mm (5%), 6.91 mm (10%), and 10.83 mm (20%), while the positive control was 18.54 mm and the negative control showed no inhibition. The Kruskal-Wallis test (Sig.) <0.05 was used as a reference resulting in a p value = 0.009, indicating a significant difference between groups. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and terpenoids. In conclusion, fern leaf extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans, with a concentration of 20% being the most effective.
Literature Review: Identification of Chemical Components and Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil (Cinnamomum burmanii) Clarissa, Yesa Prilia; Mierza, Vriezka
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10795

Abstract

Bacterial infections remain a major global health concern, particularly with the growing incidence of antibiotic resistance. This situation has encouraged the search for alternative antibacterial agents derived from natural sources, including essential oils extracted from cinnamon bark. This review article aims to summarize current findings on the chemical characterization of cinnamon bark essential oil and the compounds responsible for its antibacterial activity, providing a foundation for its potential development as a natural antibacterial agent. Literature selection was conducted using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, covering original research published between 2015 and 2025 and retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords “essential oil,” “Cinnamomum burmanii,” “bark,” and “antibacterial.” Based on this screening process, seven research articles met the established criteria. The reviewed data indicate that cinnamaldehyde is the predominant component of cinnamon bark essential oil and plays a major role in its broad spectrum antibacterial activity, including against resistant bacterial strains.
Specific Learning Disorder in School Age Children: A Literature Review on Early Detection and Its Challenges Maya, Elyana Labib; Rachman, Amanda Azkiyah; Patandianan, Firdaus Kamma; Sari, Padmi Kartika; Elizar, Lale Justin Amelinda
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10797

Abstract

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a child’s basic abilities in reading, writing, and arithmetic. This disorder is often undetected in the early stages, leading to long-term academic difficulties and psychosocial problems. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SLD, including its definition, classification, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria, as well as the challenges and barriers in early detection. The methodology employed in this review was a structured literature search and critical appraisal of relevant sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, academic textbooks, and established diagnostic guidelines. The results of the review indicate that early detection and appropriate intervention are crucial in helping children with SLD achieve optimal development. The roles of teachers, pediatricians, and other professionals are essential in the detection and management of SLD. Challenges in early detection include lack of awareness, limited resources, stigma, the standardization of diagnostic tools, as well as constraints in research and funding. Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children’s academic abilities, particularly in reading, writing, and arithmetic. Early detection is crucial to enable timely intervention and prevent long-term consequences; however, various challenges still hinder early detection.
Identification and Incidence of Rice Diseases (Oryza sativa L.) in Conventional Land in Penebel Village Rahayu, Diajeng Putri Ayu; Julyasih, Ketut Srie Marhaeni; Yuliastuti, Yuliastuti
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10798

Abstract

Rice is a popular and widely consumed food crop in Indonesia, making disease a crucial factor in rice production. Penebel Village is a major rice producer, so disease damage significantly impacts rice productivity. This study was conducted to determine the types, characteristics, and incidence of rice plant diseases in conventional fields. The method used was exploratory descriptive, consisting of field surveys and interviews, as well as microscopic observations. Samples were taken using the quadrant method with five sampling points. Each point consisted of 16 plants, resulting in a total of 80 samples. Identification was performed using macromorphology. The rice plants observed were in the vegetative phase. The results of the study showed that in the rice fields were found Pyricularia sp. causing blast disease, Fusarium sp. causing fusarium wilt, Cercospora sp. causing narrow brown leaf spots, Helminthosporium sp. causing brown spots and Xanthomonas sp. causing bacterial leaf blight. The results of the calculation of disease incidence in conventional rice fields were blast (10%), fusarium (26.25%), leaf spots (16.25%), brown spots (51.25%), and bacterial leaf blight (50%). The results of the study indicate that the types, characteristics and incidence of diseases that appear in conventional agricultural land in Penebel village are very complex, so that more appropriate disease control is needed.
Literature Review: The Antimicrobial Potential of Xanthorrhizoland and Curcuminoids from the Rhizomes of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza (Temulawak) Habibah, Habibah; Mierza, Vriezka
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.10810

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat that drives the search for new antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) contains two major active compounds, xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid, known for their antimicrobial properties. This review aims to analyze and compare the antimicrobial potential of these compounds to determine the most prospective candidate for development as an active natural antimicrobial agent in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA guideline on articles published between 2015 and 2025, obtained from Google Scholar and PubMed. Of the 251 articles identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The results indicate that xanthorrhizol exhibits stronger and broader antimicrobial activity, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 16 µg/mL, inhibition zones of 12–14 mm, and inhibition rates exceeding 90% against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. In contrast, curcuminoid shows variable activity (inhibition zones of 0–16 mm) and its effectiveness increases after photodynamic activation (Photodynamic Therapy, PDT) through the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). In conclusion, xanthorrhizol is more promising as a primary natural antimicrobial agent, while curcuminoid serves as a complementary compound to enhance antimicrobial effectiveness.
Effect of Seagrass Density on Fish Abundance in the Seagrass Ecosystem of Pahawang Island, Lampung Syahira, Nyimas Nanda; Sunaryo, Anna Ida; Aryawati, Riris; Isnaini, Isnaini; Hartoni, Hartoni
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10814

Abstract

Fish communities in seagrass ecosystems are known to play a vital role in maintaining coastal biodiversity due to the provision of essential habitat, food, and shelter. This study investigates the structure of fish communities associated with seagrass habitats and evaluates the influence of seagrass density on fish abundance in the coastal waters of Pahawang Island, Lampung. Field surveys were conducted in October 2025 at three purposively selected stations. Fish assemblages were sampled using gill nets, while seagrass density and coverage were quantified along transect–quadrat lines. Three seagrass species Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, and Halodule uninervis were identified, exhibiting spatial variability in coverage ranging from 18% to 44%. A total of 87 individual fishes, comprising nine species, were recorded, with Siganus spp. being the most abundant genus. Diversity, evenness, and dominance indices indicated a stable and well-balanced community structure. Statistical analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between seagrass cover and fish abundance, underscoring the ecological importance of seagrass meadows in supporting coastal fish populations. These findings provide critical insights for enhancing management and conservation strategies in the marine environment of Pahawang Island.
Measuring Cadmium (Cd) in Nile Tilapie (Oreochromis niloticus) from Lake Rawa Taliwang Mulyati, Suci; Khairuddin, Khairuddin; Yamin, M.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10815

Abstract

Taliwang Swamp Lake is a freshwater ecosystem under pressure from anthropogenic activities, including illegal mining, which has the potential to increase heavy metal contamination. This study aimed to measure Cd concentrations in tilapia in Taliwang Swamp Lake and assess their suitability for consumption based on BPOM standards. Data were analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The results showed that Cd in tilapia ranged from 0.024 to 0.027 mg/kg, with an average of 0.0255 mg/kg, which is still below the maximum threshold of 0.30 mg/kg. Environmental parameters such as temperature (30oC), pH (7.7-7.8), and salinity (10 ppt) were within the ideal range for aquatic life and did not indicate extreme conditions that could increase Cd bioaccumulation. Visual observation of the fish flesh also showed normal color and texture with no indication of tissue damage due to heavy metal exposure. Overall, tilapia from Lake Rawa Taliwang is still safe for consumption, although regular monitoring is still needed to prevent the risk of long-term Cd exposure.
Optimizing Solvent Type and Concentration of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaf Extract to Enhance Chlorophyll Content in Zea mays: Unveiling the Potential of Biostimulant Application in Maize Cultivation Aulya, Nailul Rahmi; Noli, Zozy Aneloi; Suwirmen, Suwirmen; Utami, Annisa Wulan Agus; Shayen, Millania Putri; Marta, Fepi Dwi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10827

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major cereal commodities with a strategic role in various sectors of societal needs. The application of plant-derived biostimulants has emerged as an alternative approach for enhancing plant physiological performance, including the use of leaf extract from Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (chaya). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different solvent types and extract concentrations of C. aconitifolius leaves on the chlorophyll content of maize plants. A two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of: (a) solvent types (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, and butanol) and (b) extract concentrations (control, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L). The results indicated that neither solvent type nor extract concentration had a significant effect on any chlorophyll parameter. However, the aqueous-based extract at 25 mg/L tended to produce the highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content, while the highest chlorophyll b content was observed in the 25 mg/L butanol extract treatment. In contrast, the 100 mg/L ethanol extract treatment showed a tendency toward the lowest chlorophyll content. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of C. aconitifolius extract as a photosynthetic biostimulant in Z. mays remains limited and is likely influenced by the solubility of its bioactive compounds in the solvents used.
The Mechanisms of Instrumental Music Playing in Preserving Cognitive Function in Adulthood Almuthiiah, Khadijah; Bayanaka, Aldhiya Azmy; Dewi, Artu Alycia Laksmi; Andiyani, Dinda Zahra Putri; Alkautsar, Mohammad Saddam; Harahap, Herpan Syafii; Briliansy, Briliansy
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10833

Abstract

Adulthood is divided into three stages: young adulthood, middle adulthood, and older adulthood. Middle adulthood (40-65 years) is the phase where the balance between growth and neurocognitive development begins. In this phase, prevention of cognitive decline is necessary by strengthening cognitive reserves through brain stimulation through musical activities. This study used a literature review method. In this article, we conducted a search using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and the National Institute of Health (NIH). The review found that playing music can increase dopamine in the reward system and inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which can improve motivation, attention, memory, and learning processes, thus strengthening cognitive function. Findings from Balinese gamelan and flute players indicate increased alpha and beta brainwave activity, which stimulate executive function, memory, and motivation. Therefore, playing traditional Indonesian music has the potential to improve cognitive abilities as a form of prevention of neurodegenerative disorders in adulthood. It was recommended that playing music in middle adulthood will improve cognitive function by playing traditional music.
Coral Reef Cover Conditions in the Kayaking Tourism Area at Ujung Genteng Beach in August 2025 Rabbani, Muhammad Ridho Fazli; Iman, Nuzulul Alamul; Nurshafa, Aziza Nabila; Salsabila, Alisha
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4b (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10838

Abstract

Coral reefs are vital marine ecosystems that support high biodiversity and provide essential ecological services, yet many are experiencing rapid degradation due to increasing human pressures. This study assessed the condition of live coral cover and evaluated reef health within the kayak tourism area of Ujung Genteng Beach, West Java. Field surveys were conducted in August 2025 across five stations using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) methods. Results showed that non-biological substrates such as sand (45.38–79.90%) and rubble (6.70–27.78%) dominated the benthic composition, while live coral cover remained low at 3.24–16.48%, with an overall average of 9.19%. Based on the Indonesian Ministry of Environment Decree No. 4/2001, the reef condition is categorized as poor. These findings indicate significant ecological degradation likely linked to both environmental stressors and tourism-related disturbances. The study concludes that effective habitat protection, zoning arrangements, and sustainable marine tourism practices are urgently needed to enhance coral resilience and prevent further decline.

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