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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,562 Documents
 95   96   97   98   99 
Diversity of Butterfly Types (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Based on Altitude Variations in Sibayak II Forest, North Sumatra Aditya, Wahyu; Hutasuhut, Melfa Aisyah; Tambunan, Efrida Prima Sari
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6330

Abstract

Butterflies belong to the order Lepidoptera which has essential roles such as pollinating insects (pollinators), evaluating environmental quality, and indicators of habitat change. The research aims to determine the types of butterflies, diversity, relative abundance, and dominance index in the Sibayak II Forest area of North Sumatra. This research is a quantitative descriptive research by combining the cruising method and the VES method. Sampling was carried out at three altitudes 1300-1500 masl, 1500-1700 masl, and 1700-1900 masl using insect nets. The results obtained were 31 species of butterflies from 6 families, with the highest number of individuals from three heights, namely Mycalesispatiana in Sibayak II Forest, North Sumatra. The index value of butterfly species diversity in Sibayak  II Forest with an average value of 2.67 is included in the medium category. The relative abundance index value of the most abundant butterfly species is the Mycalesis patiana with a discount of 34%. The overall butterfly dominance index value is 0.124. Based on the species diversity index, relative abundance and dominance index indicate environmental conditions in accordance with the life cycle and food sources as well as the distribution of host plants in Sibayak  II Forest.
Screening of Antimicrobial Producing Bacteria from Berawe Beach Sand on Kampai Pangkalan Susu Island against Pathogenic Bacteria Annisa, Rafika; Manalu, Kartika; Nasution, Rizki Amelia
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6334

Abstract

Sand is naturally a place to live, grow and develop some marine animals and microorganisms, usually bacteria originating from the sea area that have a large number of bioactive compounds that can produce various kinds of secondary metabolites for further production of antimicrobials. The purpose of this study was to obtain bacteria that have the potential to produce antimicrobials and to characterize bacterial isolates on the sand of Berawe Beach, Kampai Island, Pangkalan Susu. In this study several stages were carried out, namely sampling, isolation, purification, morphological characterization, antimicrobial activity test, gram staining, biochemical test and determining the bacterial genus. The results of this study obtained 9 isolates (SP14A. SP15A, SP16A, SP24A, SP24B, SP35A, SP44A, SP44B and SP45A) which have the potential as antimicrobial producers. Characterization of antimicrobial bacterial isolates from the sand of Berawe Beach, Kampai Island, Pangkalan Susu, namely isolate SP14A, which is a gram- positive bacterium in the form of streptobacilli. SP15A, SP24B and SP44B isolates were coccus-shaped gram-positive bacteria. SP16A, SP35A, SP44A and SP45A isolates were gram-positive bacteria in the form of bacilli. And isolate SP24A is a gram-negative bacterium in the form of streptobacilli. All isolates produce catalase enzymes but do not use carbon and energy. Isolates that are motile (SP14A, SP15A, SP16A, SP24A, SP35A, SP44A and SP45A) can ferment glucose while non-motile (SP24B and SP44B) cannot ferment glucose. These bacteria come from the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, LactoBacillus and Alcaligenes. Species of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus firmus, LactoBacillus bulgaricus, Micrococcus luteus and Alcaligenes eutrophus.
In Vitro Shoot Culture Growth of Pontianak Orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) with the Addition of Naphthalene Acetic Acid and 6-Benzyl Amino Purine Nissa, Zoelva Zakiatun; Zakiah, Zulfa; Turnip, Masnur
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 23 No. 1 (2023): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v23i1.6344

Abstract

Pontianak siam orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) is an important agricultural commodity unique to Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. The demand for Pontianak siam oranges has been steadily increasing over the years, yet the production of Pontianak oranges has not been able to meet the domestic demand. The limited availability of superior seedlings is one of the reasons for this situation. Therefore, efforts are needed to fulfill the demand for Pontianak siam oranges by producing a large quantity of superior seedlings in a short period. One of the strategies that can be employed is in vitro propagation. This research aims to observe the growth of Pontianak Siamese orange shoot explants after administration of NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) and BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine). This research was conducted from January to June 2023 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors namely NAA concentrations with 4 levels (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 mg/L), and BAP concentrations with 5 levels (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 mg/L). Parameters observed were the emergence time of shoot, shoot number, height of shoot, and the number of leaves. The results showed that single NAA, single BAP, and combination treatment of NAA and BAP significantly affected all growth parameters. Treatment with the addition of 0.25 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BAP (A1B2) was the treatment with the fastest shoot emergence time (2.80 days after planting), the largest number of shoots (2.60 shoots)the tallest shoots (1.50 cm), , and the greatest number of leaves (2.60 leaves).
Diversity of The Araceae Family in The Batutegi Protected Forest, Tanggamus, Lampung Based on Morphological and Molecular Characteristics Nisha, Luthfiyyan; Yulianty; Ina Erlinawati; Wahyuningsih, Sri; Subagio, Aris
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6350

Abstract

Indonesia has a tropical climate bordering the equator, so it has a diverse biodiversity. Batutegi Protected Forest, Tanggamus is a lowland rainforest. Plants of tropical flora, including Araceae (taro), has a diversity level of 25% (31 genera) of plants found worldwide. Morphological and molecular characteristics can be used to analyze diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of Araceae plants based on morphological and molecular characteristics using DNA barcodes in the Batutegi Protected Forest area and the differences in marker genes matK, ITS and rbcL in determining the diversity of Araceae plants. The study was conducted in January-May 2023. Sampling was conducted in Batutegi Reserve Forest Tanggamus, Lampung using the exploration method. Morphological identification was performed through the herbarium collection in Herbarium Bogoriense, while molecular identification was performed using DNA barcoding with three marker genes including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), Maturase K (matK) and an internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Based on the studies conducted, it can be concluded that the Araceae plants found in the Batutegi Protected Forest, Tanggamus of Lampung have appropriate species results in terms of morphological and molecular characteristics. The matK marker gene performs better than ITS and rbcL with evidence of higher amplification success rates and a more informative phylogenetic tree.
Physical and Microbiology Characterization of Chicken Sausage that Added by Oyster Mushroom Yulianto, Wahid; Malta, Lilik; Bulkaini, Bulkaini; Kisworo, Djoko; Haryanto, Haryanto; Dewi Wulandani, Baiq Rani; Fahrullah, Fahrullah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6355

Abstract

Oyster mushrooms are a healthy alternative food source for reducing the fat content of sausages due to their low fat content. Chicken sausage is a processed meat product that typically contains meat, binders, and fillers. This study aimed to investigate the physical and microbiological properties of chicken sausage with varying concentrations of oyster mushrooms, which are added to improve its quality. The study employed a completely randomized design with three treatments. If a treatment showed a difference, the Duncan Multiple Range Test was conducted. The treatments consisted of J0: 0% oyster mushroom, J1: 1% oyster mushroom, and J2: 2% oyster mushroom. Statistically, the use of different concentrations of oyster mushrooms did not result in a significant difference (P>0.05) in the water binding capacity, breaking power, pH, and total plate count of chicken sausages. However, the addition of oyster mushroom concentrations can improve the physical and microbiological quality of the sausages. The addition of different concentrations of oyster mushroom to chicken meat sausage resulted in a water binding capacity of 39.28-46.12%, breaking strength of 0.4-0.5 kg/cm2, pH value of 6.46-6.56, and total plate count of 1.57-1.86 cfu/g. The treatment that yields the highest water binding capacity (45.06%), breaking power (0.04 kg/cm2), pH (6.56), and total plate count (1.57 cfu/g) is the addition of 1% oyster mushroom concentration. The concentration of oyster mushroom used in the preparation of chicken meat sausages should not exceed 1% of the total sausage mixture.
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Pulai Leaves (Alstonia scholaris) Rumalolas, Mira; Kotala, Sarmawaty; AF, Asyik Nur Allifah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6370

Abstract

Extraction of active compounds from plants requires a lot of raw materials. Therefore, other alternatives are needed that can produce active compounds in a relatively fast time. One of them is the use of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi live in plant tissues including pulai (Alstonia scholaris) which is used as an ingredient in herbal medicine. Endophytic growths can create auxiliary metabolite intensifies that are like their host plants. The point of this examination was to decide the sorts of endophytic growths found on pulai leaves and their antibacterial action. This research is a qualitative research, where microscopic characteristics of fungi are observed using the slide culture method and antibacterial activity is tested using the modified Kirby Bauer method. The results of this research found 8 isolates of endophytic fungi, consisting of Neurospora sp1, Neurospora sp2, Paecilomyces sp, Acremonium sp, Fusarium sp, and 3 unidentified isolates. All endophytic fungi found on pulai leaves can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with the highest inhibition zone diameter found in isolate K8 (Acremonium sp) at 3 cm for S. aureus and isolate K7 at 1.8 cm for E. coli.
The Effect of Additional Tomato Extract in Diluting Sodium Citrate and Egg Yellow in Kampung Chicken on The Quality of Semen Cow Limousine Situmorang, Dian Fatihani; Syukriah, Syukriah; Tambunan, Efrida Pima Sari
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6371

Abstract

Undiluted sperm will reduce fertility, therefore dilution is performed to maintain the quality of spermatozoa during storage. Tomatoes contain carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin C, protein, and lycopene as antioxidants. Carbohydrates and antioxidants act as a source of energy to potentially prevent free radicals that can damage cells. This study aims to determine the effect of adding tomato juice in sodium citrate diluent and free-range chicken egg yolks to the semen quality of limousin cattle. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of a solution of sodium citrate and egg yolk (P0), sodium citrate and egg yolk + 10% tomato extract (P1), sodium citrate and egg yolk + 20% tomato extract (P2), and egg yolk sodium citrate + 30% tomato extract. % (P3). Parameters observed were motility, viability and abnormalities of semen spermatozoa of Limousin cattle. Observations were made at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours after cooling. The results showed that the addition of 10% tomato extract (P1) had a significant effect on the highest percentage of motility, namely 42.00 ± 2.73c for the 48th hour, the highest viability 62.10 ± 4.51c for the 72nd hour, and lowest abnormality 16.60 ± 1.81a until the 72nd hour. The addition of 10% tomato extract (P1) in sodium citrate diluent and egg yolk resulted in the best motility, viability, and abnormality percentage of Limousin cattle spermatozoa.
The Essential Minerals for Rumen Metabolism Muliani; Yasin, Suhbudy; Dilaga, Syamsul Hidayat; Jalaludin
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6373

Abstract

Minerals are a constituent element of nutrition with functions as body defense, reproduction, production and animal body health. In general, minerals act as catalysts that will balance cell membranes, balance acid bases, make enzymes active, and are involved in the fermentation process of rumen microbes. In ruminants, the important role of minerals is to influence the symbiotic micriflora in the digestive tract. The research instrument of this research is Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which is integrated with testing with the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) research instrument. Sampling of forage was carried out at the Teaching Farm Lingsar, Matataram University. Each forage sample was taken approximately 53 g fresh weight. The parameters used are the content of Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), and Selenium (Se). Data from the analysis of essential mineral content using SEM is statistically descriptive with data tabulation, data conversion, data averaging and processing with the help of Microsoft Excel. The results of several experiments using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) based on the elements of Zn, Mn, Cu, Co and Se, among others: The results of the percentage of Zn elements for grass 0.31% and legumes 0.65%. The results of the percentage of Mn elements for 0.31% and 0.65% legumes. The results of the percentage of Cu elements for grass 4.87% and legumes 7.15%. The results of the percentage of Co elements for grass 0.33% and legumes 0.21%. The results of the Se element percentage for grass 0.23% and legumes 0.7%.
Effect of Adding Pectin on The Quality of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Sheet Jam Zanaria; Mahrus; Zulkifli, Lalu; Rasmi, Dewa Ayu Citra
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6376

Abstract

Dragon fruit has a high water content and a limited shelf life. Dragon fruit has the potential to be used as a raw material for food processing, one of which is jam. Dragon fruit contains pectin which functions as a gelling agent in jam. This research aims to determine the addition of pectin with different concentrations on the quality of red dragon fruit jam sheets. This research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CDR) with four treatments and four replications. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Varience (ANOVA) to obtain Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) results at level 5%. The research results showed that the effect of pectin with different concentrations provided significant differences (P<0.05) on water content, ash content, sucrose content, crude fiber content, total dissolved solids, degree of acidity (pH), and organoleptic tests. The addition of 0.75% pectin affects the chemical, physical and organoleptic properties of Red Dragon Fruit Jam. Chemical ingredients consist of water, ash, sucrose content, crude fiber content, total dissolved solids, acidity degree (pH), and physical characteristics including taste, color, aroma and texture. A total of 25 panelists liked the organoleptic properties. In conclusion, the effect of adding pectin on the quality of the best jam product is P3 (0.75% pectin addition) so it is more acceptable based on its character and organoleptic properties.
Induksi Kalus dari Hipokotil Belimbing Merah (Baccaurea angulata) dengan Penambahan 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid) dan BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purin) Teresia, Novi; Zakiah, Zulfa; Turnip, Masnur
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1 (2024): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6387

Abstract

Red starfruit is one of the endemic plants of Kalimantan which produces secondary metabolites which has been empirically used as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer. This plant has a long reproductive period and seedless fruit is often found during the fruiting season, which is a problem for the sustainability of the red starfruit in nature. Conservation of red star fruit for propagation and production of secondary metabolites can be done in vitro through callus culture. This research aims to determine the effect of adding the growth regulators dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) on callus induction time, percentage of callus forming explants, callus color and texture, and callus growth. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial pattern consisting of two treatment factors, namely 2,4-D (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 ppm) and BAP (0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 ppm). The percentage of explants forming callus (%), the time the callus appeared (days after planting), the color and texture of the callus, the wet weight and dry weight of the callus (g) were research observation parameters.The results showed that the single factor 2,4-D, single factor BAP, and the interaction of 2,4-D and BAP had a significant effect to callus appearance time. Single administration of 2,4-D and BAP had a significant effect on callus dry weight. The color variations of the callus produced are white, green and brown with a compact texture. The fastest callus emergence time was at 11.00 days after planting (DAP), namely in the combination treatment of 1 ppm 2,4-D and 0.75 ppm BAP, single treatment 0.75 ppm and 1 ppm 2,4- D. The highest average dry weight of 0.024 g was obtained in the single treatment of 0.75 ppm BAP.

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