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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 25, No 2 (2025)" : 25 Documents clear
Effectiveness of Cobalt-Doped Biochar Derived from Durian Shell for Degradation of Rhodamine B Trinh, Anh Mai Hoang; Le, Thinh Phu; Tran, Khoi Anh; Do, Nga Hoang Nguyen; Le, Kien Anh; Tran, Viet Tan; Le, Phung Kim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99181

Abstract

The global discharge of dye-contaminated effluent into the environment has garnered considerable public attention, and removing the organic pollutants from wastewater is of great importance. Durian shell, a major by-product of Asia countries, is one of the primary causes of environmental issues. To address these current issues, the development of efficient and eco-friendly biomass-derived catalysts that activate advanced oxidation processes (AOP) stands out as a crucial technology for treating organic pollutants in water. In this study, cobalt-doped biochar composites (CoC-n) were synthesized using solvothermal and calcination techniques, with durian shell biomass serving as the precursor material. The obtained CoC-n treated under various calcination temperatures analyzed via SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR techniques, which were used for efficient peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for up to 92% and 58.98–74.30% RhB (25  and 75 mg/L, respectively) degradation in 30 min. The quenching test performed on the CoC-350/PMS system revealed that RhB degradation involves sulfate (SO4•−), hydroxyl (OH•), and singlet oxygen (1O2) in RhB degradation, with SO4•− and 1O2 being the primary components. The cobalt-doped biochar from durian shells is considered a novel and promising candidate for the eradication of dye-contaminated effluent applications.
Enriching 1,8-Cineole Content in Eucalyptus camaldulensis D. Raw Essential Oil: An Investigation on Optimizing Vacuum Fractional Distillation Process Le, Tien Xuan; Nguyen, Minh Nhat; Le, Trung Minh; Pham, Minh Chau Vu
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99211

Abstract

This study addressed the gap in optimizing the 1,8-cineole content in Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil, an area with a limited focus in existing literature. While previous research has explored distillation methods for essential oils, this study is the first to systematically investigate the effects of key operational parameters on cineole enhancement using batch vacuum fractional distillation. The optimization process was carried out using a single–factor method focusing on operating pressures (60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 mmHg), column types (Vigreux and Hempel), packing materials (wire mesh, large strings, small strings), and column heights (300, 400, 500, and 600 mm). After each distillation experiment, the essential oil samples were analyzed using GC-MS to quantify the concentration of 1,8-cineole and other components. The best result, achieved at 60 mmHg with a 500 mm Hempel column packed with small metal helixes (2 × 10 mm), increased 1,8-cineole content from 47.9% to 74.6%, with 97% recovery and over 60% yield. These findings highlight the impact of distillation parameters on cineole concentration, marking a 1.5-fold improvement. This optimized distillation process offers an efficient alternative for producing high-bioactivity cineole oil, with potential pharmaceutical and personal care applications, reducing reliance on complex synthesis.
Unrevealing the Impact of Annealing Condition on Catalytic Activity of PtNi Alloy Electrode Towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction Wardhani, Anindya Pramudya; Tanaya, Salwaa; Pravitasari, Retna Deca; Damisih, Damisih; Arti, Dewi Kusuma; Rahayu, Sri; Gumelar, Muhammad Didik; Fidiani, Elok
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99297

Abstract

Alloying platinum (Pt) with transition metals such as nickel (Ni) has been an effective approach for reducing Pt loading and enhancing catalytic activities towards the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this work, we advance the fabrication of PtNi alloy electrodes through direct synthesis on the gas diffusion layer (GDL) utilizing wet chemical reduction methods. The catalytic activities and binding interaction between Pt and Ni are optimized through annealing PtNi electrodes at 200 °C under different gas flows of N2 and the mixture of H2/N2 at 5%/95%. The physical characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) show the significant effect of the annealing environment on the morphology and distribution of the PtNi alloy catalyst on the GDL surface. The optimized electrodes exhibited enhanced ORR mass activity, with values of 8.17 and 18.26 mA mg−1 for PtNi annealed with N2 and N2/H2, respectively, surpassing the benchmark Pt/C (5.25 mA mg−¹). These results underscore the critical role of the annealing environment in optimizing the catalytic performance of PtNi-based electrodes for PEMFC applications, offering insights into more efficient fuel cell technologies.
Solar-Light-Driven N-TiO2-SiO2 Photocatalytic Activity on the Simultaneous Removal of Bisphenol-A and Escherichia coli Le, Minh Vien; Tran, Trung Tan; Hoang, Anh Hoang; Nguyen, Hien Thao; Le, Vu Truong-Son; Luan, Van Hoang; Ngo, Manh Thang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99313

Abstract

N-doped TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized using a facile sol-gel method and characterized through various techniques. Their photocatalytic performance was assessed by degrading BPA (10 mg L−1) and inactivating Escherichia coli (~109 CFU mL−1) under single and dual contaminant conditions using a 26 W solar light simulator. Among the synthesized materials, the N-TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite with a 10% N:Ti molar ratio (TS5N10) demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving 83.9% BPA degradation and complete E. coli disinfection in single contaminant systems after 4 h of irradiation. Notably, TS5N10 exhibited robust performance even in dual-contaminant scenarios involving BPA and E. coli. Mechanistic investigations identified photo-generated holes as the dominant reactive species. The superior performance of TS5N10 was attributed to its nanostructure, high specific surface area, strong light absorption, and reduced photoinduced electron-hole recombination. These results highlight the potential of TS5N10 for practical water treatment applications.
Influence of NaOH Concentration on the Crystallization and Phase Development of Titanium Dioxide Derived from Titanium Slag via Hydrothermal Processing Ngon, Hoang Trung; Tuan, Phan Dinh; Kien, Kieu Do Trung; Khoa, Tran Anh; Vi, Truong Khanh; Tuyet, Vo Ngoc
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99564

Abstract

The hydrothermal method presents a promising approach for synthesizing high-quality rutile TiO2 pigments from titanium slag, utilizing controlled NaOH concentrations to modulate crystalline and morphological properties. This study examined the effects of varying NaOH concentrations on the crystallization and phase composition of TiO2 derived from titanium slag. Mixtures of titanium slag and NaOH underwent hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C for 18 h, and the resulting TiO2 samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate phase composition and morphology. The results indicated that NaOH concentrations below 600 g/L promoted the formation of well-ordered, highly crystalline TiO2 with uniform crystal sizes. Conversely, higher NaOH concentrations increased the proportions of rutile and anatase phases, underscoring the significant impact of NaOH concentration on phase development. This study emphasizes the potential of the hydrothermal method in fine-tuning the properties of TiO2 for optimized pigment applications through adjustments in NaOH concentration.
Carbon Paste Electrode-Modified Imprinted Zeolite X and Its Performance as a Potentiometric and Voltammetric Sensor for Cholesterol Analysis Khasanah, Miratul; Widati, Alfa Akustia; Severia, Nadya Maya; Oktaviana, Citra Marantika Nur; Puspitasari, Evrillia; Ummah, Naftalia Wirdatul; Alviani, Ziana
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99700

Abstract

Carbon paste electrode-modified imprinted zeolite X has been developed as a potentiometry and voltammetry sensor to monitor cholesterol levels in the body. This is crucial to detect early health risks caused by high cholesterol levels. The modified electrode was fabricated with a mass ratio of activated carbon, paraffin, and imprinted zeolite X of 12:7:1. Potentiometric measurement produced a linear dynamic range of 10−6–10−3 M, Nernst factor of 27.12 mV/decade, a detection limit of 1.12 × 10−6 M, precision of 99.7% (n = 3), and accuracy of 99.8% (n = 5). Using the electrode for up to 56 measurements over 6 weeks did not significantly decrease its performance. The presence of glucose did not interfere with cholesterol analysis by potentiometry. The modified electrode was applied to analyze cholesterol voltammetrically at the optimum deposition potential of 0.4 V, deposition time of 60 s, and a scan rate of 100 mV/s. Voltammetric analysis of cholesterol resulted in a detection limit of 7.2 mg/L (1.86 µM), precision of 96–99%, accuracy of 74–114%, sensitivity of 7.1 nA.L/mg/cm2, and recovery of 87.2% (n = 3). The glucose and urea in various concentrations cause less than 5% current deviations.
An Innovative Strategy for the Green Synthesis of Nanochitosan Using Plant Extracts and Their Possible Applications: A Review Riki, Riki; Ahmad, Islamudin; Herman, Herman; Ibrahim, Arsyik; Rusman, Arman; Samsul, Erwin; Rusli, Rolan; Arifuddin, Muhammad; Junaidin, Junaidin; Bone, Mahfuzun; Rijai, Hifdzur Rashif; Hikmawan, Baso Didik
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100148

Abstract

The numerous applications of nanochitosan in a variety of sectors, including medicine, food, and agriculture, attract researchers to work toward the development of environmentally favorable, safe, and efficient synthesis methods. Currently, a biological approach is being developed to synthesize nanochitosan to address the limitations of conventional methods. The synthesis of biogenic pathways employs biological entities, including plant extracts and microorganisms, as nanoparticle-forming agents. The use of extracts is more desirable due to the simple working procedure, the absence of hazardous chemicals, the economic benefits, and the use of basic equipment. This article highlights the role of biomolecules in plant extracts, including polyphenols, terpenoids, citric acid, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, in the synthesis of nanochitosan. Nanoparticle preparation protocols and characterization using zeta potential analysis techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are briefly described. The potential applications of green nanochitosan are also discussed, considering the results of biological activity testing and the potential mechanisms associated with these activities. According to the results of numerous studies highlighted in this review, nanochitosan synthesis utilizing plant extracts appears to be a promising alternative approach to conventional methods.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes with Mixed Azo Dye and Bipyridyl Ligands Al-Dabbagh, Areej Kamal; Mawlood, Mawlood Khalid; Al-Hamdani, Abbas Ali Salih
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100566

Abstract

Mixed ligands reaction of [2-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)diazinyl]-1,2-benzothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-dioxide] (H2L, primary ligand) and bipyridyl (secondary ligand) with salts of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) was performed. A series of air-stable complexes with distinctive octahedral moieties was created by equal molar ratio (1:1:1). The formation of these compounds was verified using detecting analysis techniques incorporating mass spectra, which validated the achieved geometries. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis demonstrated how the ligands (H2L and bipyridyl) are chelated as tridentate (ONO) and bidentate (NN) groups, respectively and the coordination with the metal ions. Thermal decomposition studies using pyrolysis (TGA and DSC) verified that water residues could be coordinated with metal complexes. Additionally, elemental micro-analysis, chlorine amount test, molar conductivity and melting points examination were carried out. Magnetic sensitivity of the susceptibility and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry can also reveal the coordination existence with the metals and complexes formation. The compounds' antioxidant records were finally evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical as a free radical method. It was compared to that of gallic acid as an accordingly standard antioxidant substance with its IC50 value. These complexes could restrict free radicals; [Fe(L)(bipy)Cl] has the best antioxidant activity, whereas [Ni(L)(bipy)H2O] has the lowest.
Evaluation of Extraction Buffers for Protein Identification in Fish Paste with Chicken Blood Plasma (CBP) Spikes: A Preliminary Mass Spectrometry Study Azmi, Nurhazirah; Abidin, Siti Aimi Sarah Zainal; Zakaria, Nurkhurul Ain; Shukor, Mohd Syarafuddin Abdul; Karsani, Saiful Anuar; Fatt, Low Kim; Yuswan, Mohd Hafis
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100755

Abstract

Blood plasma is commonly used as a protease inhibitor in surimi production to improve product quality and stability during processing. However, its use in food is prohibited in Islam and classified as najs al-mutawasitah, necessitating the detection of blood plasma adulteration to uphold halal standards and food safety. This study compared the effectiveness of different extraction buffers—ultrapure water, 0.05 M Tris-HCl, 0.05 M Tris-Urea, and ultrapure water followed by acetone precipitation—on protein and peptide yield from chicken blood plasma (CBP) using liquid chromatography–quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QTRAP-MS). Ultrapure water and acetone precipitation yielded the highest protein content, prompting further proteome profiling of CBP, fish paste, and surimi spiked with CBP (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) via liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS). Apolipoprotein AI (Apo AI) and fibrinogens emerged as key proteins in CBP. Apo AI was detected in all spiked surimi samples, demonstrating its potential as a marker for blood plasma contamination. The proposed method enhances extraction and detection protocols, using mass spectrometry to provide a reliable tool for addressing halal compliance and mitigating food safety risks associated with blood-derived adulterants in surimi products.
Biomass Waste Incorporation in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α˗Ba(Ce0.6Zr0.4)0.9Y0.1O3-δ Composite Cathode: Effects on Microstructural and Physical Properties Ismail, Ismariza; Abdullah, Nur Ashafieka; Karim, Norizah Abd; Johari, Shazlina; Ramli, Muhammad Mahyiddin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100764

Abstract

This study explores the incorporation of rice straw as a pore-forming agent in fabricating the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-α˗Ba(Ce0.6Zr0.4)0.9Y0.1O3–δ (LSCF-BCZY) composite cathode, focusing on its microstructural and physical properties. Conventional cathode materials often face challenges in balancing porosity and structural stability, with synthetic pore formers posing environmental and consistency concerns. To address these issues, rice straw was introduced into the cathode matrix at varying weight percentages, and the composites were sintered at 1000 °C. The addition of rice straw was evaluated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and densitometry. The results revealed that increasing rice straw content significantly enhanced cathode porosity, rising from 5.53 to 27.74%, with a concomitant reduction in density from 1.33 to 0.93 g/cm3, while maintaining the crystalline stability of the LSCF-BCZY composite. Enhanced porosity suggests improved reactant diffusion to active sites, potentially benefiting the cell's performance in future energy applications. This work highlights the potential of agricultural waste as a sustainable and effective alternative to synthetic pore formers in cathode fabrication.

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