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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
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The Role of Acetylcholine Esterase in Resistance Mechanism of Plutella xylostella to Emamektin Benzoate Tarwotjo, Udi; Rahadian, Rully
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.13955

Abstract

One of the resistance mechanism of P. xylostellato emamektin benzoate is target insensitivity which is acetylcholine esterase that responsible for resistance occurrence. The objective of this study was to determine the role of acetylcholinesterase in the resistance mechanism of P. xylostella population to emamektin benzoate. For enzyme activity analysis, larvae homogenate of the third instar of P. xylostella was prepared. The number of insects required for each scour is 1 for each field population. The protein content in P. xylostella homogenate was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Non-specific esterase activity with an absorption rate was read using ELISA reader tool with λ = 450 nm. The inhibition level of acetylcholinesterase activity by emamectin benzoate in the tested population was 36.84%. The highest inhibition occurs in Puasan (Ngablak) population.  The result shows that a α-naphthyl acetate substrate was used so that it was recorded as non-specific esterase activity and did not exhibit esterase activity which specifically describes emamectin benzoate. Non-specific esterase enzyme activity of either α or β-naphthyl acetate substances to benzoic emamectin in the tested population most of the population was still susceptible. On α-naphthyl acetate substrate, the highest absorbance value found in susceptible population to benzoate emamectin (0.773), while the lowest found in Babrik (Ngablak) population  (0.083).
Identifikasi Rhizoctonia Mikoriza Pada Anggrekan Dan Kelompok Anastomosisnya -, Haryuni
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 5, No 1 (2013): March 2013
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v5i1.2573

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Klinik Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta dan Pusat Penelitian di Laboratorium Biologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gifu di Jepang.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi dan melakukan anastomosis isolat jamur Rhizoctonia mikoriza (TMG-2, SR-9 dan SR-8). Tester yang digunakan yaitu AG-F SIR.9, AG-F Fko.2.28, and AG-F PS.17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Identifikasi SR-8 memiliki ciri pada Rhizoctonia binukleat (BNR) dan dikelompokkan kedalam AG-F (teleomorf: Ceratobasidium sp.)The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Clinical Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta and the Research Center at the Laboratory of Agriculture Biology, Gifu University in Japan. The objectives of the experiment were to identify and to test anastomosis group of orchid mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia TMG-2, SR-9, and SR-8 isolates. The tester of Rhizoctonia to be used were AG-F SIR.9, AG-F Fko.2.28, and AG-F PS.17. Results of the study showed that SR-8 belongs to binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) and grouped into AG F (teleomorph: Ceratobasidium sp).
Production of Manooligomannan from Palm Kernel Cake by Mannanase Produced from Streptomyces Cyaenus Purnawan, Awan; Yopi, Yopi; Irawadi, Tun Tedja
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i1.9201

Abstract

The increase of public attention to health has prompted researchers to look for new sources of functional food. Palm Cake Kernel (PKC) waste was abundant in Indonesia, Oligosaccharide has an important benefit for human health. Recently oligosaccharide is not only important as an artificial sweetener, but also as a functional food component. This study was aimed to produce oligo-mannan enzymatically from PKC waste using mannanase derived from of Streptomyces cyaenus isolates of indigenous Indonesia. The enzyme concentration was determined by enzyme activity assay while oligo-mannan content in the PKC was analyzed using TLC and HPLC. Mannanase enzyme activity of 1706 U/ml on the second day of agitation 200 rpm at a temperature of 30C Hydrolysis of mannooligomannan by using mannanase produced by streptomyces cyaenus. The optimum mannanase enzyme activity obtained on day 2 with the value of the activity as much of 0.702 U/mL. The protein content of the 2nd day at an agitation speed of 150 rpm, 200 rpm, and 250 rpm, respectively, were 1783, 1950 and 2283 ppm. Streptomyces cyaenus is Indonesian original isolates potentially producing mannanase that can produce mannooligomannan.
The Structural Resistance’s Anatomy of Sweet Potato Leaves to Fungal Pathogen Sphaceloma batatas Samiyarsih, Siti; Juwarno, Juwarno; Muljowati, Juni Safitri
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12116

Abstract

Anatomical characters can be used as instructions to the structural resistance of plants to pathogen attack. Various pathogens attack sweet potato plants, such as the Sphaceloma batatas fungus that causes scurvy disease (scab). The aims of this research t test the structural resistance of sweet potato plants based on leaf anatomical character and intensity of disease attack due to the inoculated of S. batatas. The research was conducted from June to November 2016, using the Completely Randomized Design Experimental (RAL) method with a factorial pattern. The first factor was ten sweet potato cultivars and the second factor was the inoculum of S. batatas fungus each treatment with five replications. The character of leaf anatomy observed was thick of cuticle, thick of mesophyll, size and number of stomata and number of trichomes per 1 mm2 leaf area. Based on the research result, it was concluded that the inoculation of the fungus of S. batatas caused the decrease of stomata length and width on ten sweet potato cultivars. The highest intensity of disease attack was 14.33% and correlated with stomata length (r = 0.49). The anatomical structural resistance to scurvy can be used as a basis for determining crosses for obtaining superior sweet potato cultivars. The benefit of the research is to advise the community to cultivate sweet potatoes that have structural resistance to scurvy, such as cuticle and thick mesophyll, high trichomata density.
Perbaikan Fraksi Lipid Serum Tikus Putih Hiperkolesterolemi Setelah Pemberian Jus dari Berbagai Olahan Tomat (Hypercholesterolemia Albino Rat Lipid Fraction Improvement After Giving Tomato Juice) Iswari, Retno Sri
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 1, No 1 (2009): March 2009
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v1i1.45

Abstract

This research would like to show the effect of tomato juice in a variety processing method towards hypercholesterolemia albino rat blood plasma lipid fraction. The special purpose if to know and analyze tomato juice advantages towards total cholesterol content, LDL–cholesterol, HDL–cholesterol and triglyceride. The research design is a Post Test Randomized Control Design by means of Complete Randomized Design (RAL). There are 4 groups of treatment, each groups has 6 repeaters. The data is tested by One Way Varian Analyze. If there is a significance difference, there will be Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test followed. The research shows that there is a significance difference of total cholesterol content, LDL–cholesterol, HDL–cholesterol and triglyceride. The highest total cholesterol content, LDL–cholesterol and blood plasma triglyceride content are on the hypercholesterolemia control group. The lowest total cholesterol content, LDL–cholesterol and blood plasma triglyceride content are on the group that is given by a fried tomato juice. The lowest HDL content is on the hypercholesterolemia control group and the highest one are on the group that is given by a fried tomato juice. The research conclusion is that tomato juice supplementation able to fix hypercholesterolemia albino rat blood plasma lipid fraction, especially to decrease total cholesterol content, LDL–cholesterol and blood plasma triglyceride, and increase hypercholesterolemia albino rat blood plasma HDL-cholesterol content. Fried tomato juice give the best effect on decreasing total cholesterol content, LDL–cholesterol and triglyceride and increasing blood plasma HDL-cholesterol content. Keywords: hypercholesterolemia albino rat, total cholesterol content, LDL–cholesterol, HDL–cholesterol, triglyceride
PCR-RFLP Analysis of D-Loop mtDNA in Indonesian Domestic Waterfowl Susanti, R; Fibriana, Fidia; Yuniastuti, Ari
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.12177

Abstract

Phylogenetic or population genetic studies have been focused on finding genetic variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) because mutations in this region contained five times higher than other genetic materials. The aim of this research was to generate PCR-RFLP D-loop mtDNA profiles of some Indonesian domestic waterfowl. The samples were 35 local ducks, 5 muscovy duck, and 5 geese. These local ducks included on seven types of Javanese ducks in Central Java, i.e. Magelang duck, Peking duck, Pengging duck, Tegal Branjangan duck, Tegal Jarakan duck, Tegal Blorong duck, and Tegal Lemahan duck. PCR technique was used to amplify the D-loop genes, and RFLP analysis of the D-loop was performed with AluIand RsaI. The results show that muscovy duck has no restriction sites in D-loop gene. Moreover, goose has a restriction site of AluI in D-loop gene at 550 bp and 187 bp; and it has no restriction site of RsaI. The analysis of RsaI-RFLP in mtDNA D-loop region of ducks resulted in 1 restriction fragment pattern which can be applied in the identification of duck to differentiate it from goose and muscovy duck. PCR-RFLP analysis duck D-loop mtDNA using AluI and RsaI restriction enzyme resulted in 3 combinations of restriction fragment pattern shown in 3 haplotypes (A, B, and C). Genetic diversity of Indonesian domestic waterfowl population could be identified by using PCR-RFLP analysis on mtDNA D-loop region. So far, there are few results of research on Indonesian domestic waterfowl genetic characteristics based on PCR-RFLP mtDNA D-loop marker. Also, this research has a good contribution on genetic characterization of local duck. The characterization is an important aspect to maintain breed quality and manage the genetic resources of Indonesian germplasm and in facilitating the breeding program.
The Community Structure of Phytoplankton in Seagrass Ecosystem and its Relationship with Environmental Characterstics Setiabudi, Gede Iwan; Bengen, Dietriech G.; Effendi, Hefni; Radjasa, Ocky Karna
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 8, No 3 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i3.6549

Abstract

The aimed of this study was to determine the plankton communities and its relationship with the chemical and physical condition in seagrass ecosystem at Pegametan Bay. The composition and abundance of plankton were observed in the sea water underneath the surface and were identified based on the guideline of Illustration of the Marine Plankton of Japan. The water quality was measured in situ using WQC HI 9829. The water sample was measured using closed reflux spectrometry for COD, TOC analyzer for DOC and APHA 2102 (4500) method for Nt and Pt. There are 27 species of plankton identified, which can be classified into three groups. Diatom group consists of 18 species with a 74.56% abundance. The non-litoral group consists of 6 species with a 23.35% abundance. Moreover, dinoflagellate group consist of 3 species with a 2.09% abundance. An abundance of plankton greater than 104 cell.L-1 was found in diatome group (Nitzschia sp., Thalassiosira sp., Chaetoceros sp., Flagillaria sp., Thalassiothrix sp., and Melosira sp.) and non-litoral group (Oscillatoria sp. and Spirogyra sp.). The abundance of those species indicated the algae bloom phenomenon. Dinophysis sp. was also identified, which was harmful algal blooms.How to CiteSetiabudi, G. I., Bengen, D. G., Effendi, H., & Radjasa, O. K. (2016). The Community Structure of Phytoplankton in Seagrass Ecosystem and its Relationship with Environmental Characterstics. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(3), 257-269.
Eksplorasi dan Pengamatan Intensitas Serangan Hama Penting Tanaman Tebu di PTPN VII, Cinta Manis Sumatera Selatan Meidalima, Dewi; Kawaty, Ruarita Ramadhalina
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 7, No 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v7i1.3542

Abstract

Penelitian bertujunan mengamati serangga-serangga hama penting yang menyerang tanaman tebu di PTPN VII, Cinta Manis Sumatera Selatan, dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai September 2012. Metode survei langsung ke pertanaman dengan mengikuti jadual early warning system (EWS) PTPN VII. Hasil penelitian menemukan serangga hama penting tanaman tebu ialah penggerek batang bergaris (Chilo saccharipaghus), penggerek batang berkilat (Chilo auricilius), dan penggerek pucuk (Scirpophaga nivella). Gejala serangan penggerek batang dan pucuk tebu ditemukanpada umur 2 bulan, serangan tinggi pada umur 3-5 bulan, hal ini berkaitan dengan cuaca. Pada saat penelitian dilakukan serangan tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Mei sampai Juli, dengan suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan, dan kelembaban nisbi berturut-turut adalah 26,6OC, 245,5 mm, 17 hari dan 98%. Serangan pada tanaman muda, menyebabkan kematian. Pada tanaman yang sudah membentuk ruas, gejala penggerek batang jelas terlihat dari luar jika daun tebu diklentek. Gejala serangan penggerek pucuk terlihat pada helai daun yang berlubang.Intensitas serangan penggerek batang tertinggi pada umur tebu 3 bulan (6,69%), sedangkan intensitas serangan (2,97%) dan populasi penggerek pucuk (44,60 larva) tertinggi pada umur 3,5 bulan.The research aimed to observe the important pest insects attacking sugarcane in PTPN VII, Cinta Manis,South Sumatra. Direct Survey methodto the crop by following the schedule ofearly warning system (EWS) of PTPN VII, conducted from February to September 2012. The results found that important insect pests attacking sugarcane werestriped stem borer (Chilo saccharipaghus), shiny stem borer (Chilo auricilius), and shoot borers (Scirpophaga nivella). Symptoms attack of shotand stemborer of sugarcane were found at 2 months of sugarcane age, high attack at the age of 3-5 months, it is highly related to weather.The highest attack occurred in May and July, with the temperature, precipitation, number of rainy days, and the relative humidity in were 26.6 oC, 245.5 mm, 17 days and 98% respectively. Attack on young plants, causing death. In plants that were already established segments, stem borer symptoms clearly visible from the outside ifsugarcane leaves were diklentek. Shoot borers attack symptoms seen in the perforated leaves. The highest intensity attackof stem borer was at 3 months of sugarcane age (6.69%), while the attack intensity (2.97%) and the highestpopulation of shoot borer(44.60 larvae) were at3.5 months of sugarcane age.
The Effect of Water Content of Medium Containing Oryctes rhinoceros Larvae on Metarhizium anisopliae Pathogenicity Indriyanti, Dyah Rini; Nuraini, Indah; Slamet, Muji
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i2.10262

Abstract

The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)would effectively infect the target host on the appropriate medium water content. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of water content of medium on the effectiveness of M. anisopliae fungus infection on O. rhinoceros larvae in the laboratory. Fifty healthy third instar larvae of O. rhinoceros were obtained from field. The M. anisopliae obtained from Estate Crop Protection Board in Salatiga. The conidia density and viability of M. anisopliae were examined before used. The medium for maintaining the larva was the sawdust that had been sterilized. A total of 50 plastic cups were prepared to place 50 larvae (1 larva/cup). Each cup was filled with 100 g medium of sawdust plus 2 g of M. anisopliae which was then stirred until mixed, with different water content: P1 (20%), P2 (40%), P3 (60%), P4 (80% ) and P5 (98%). The result indicated that the water content of the medium affected the effectiveness of M. anisopliae fungus infection on O. rhinoceros larvae. The water content influenced the duration of larval mortality at each treatment. An important finding in this study is that controlling O. rhineceros larvae with M. anisopliae can be done by manipulating the water content of medium. The benefit of this study may be used for the recommendation of O. rhinoceros pest control using M. anisopliae with an effective water media content.
Changes of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Soybean Seeds Harvested from Phakopsora pachyrhizi Infected Crops Yusnawan, Eriyanto; Nugrahaeni, Novita; Utomo, Joko Susilo
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14481

Abstract

Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most destructive foliar diseases on soybean. Severe infection of this disease causes early defoliation and reduces the yield. To determine the response of soybean genotypes to this disease and the changes of metabolites in seeds, a greenhouse study was conducted using eight Indonesian soybean cultivars, i.e. Malabar, Wilis, Ringgit, Pangrango, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Dena 1, and Dena 2. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design and repeated three times. The soybean crops were inoculated with the pathogen and another set was not inoculated. Infection of P. pachyrhizi reduced fresh biomass, seed weight per plant, and weight of 100 seeds. However, total flavonoid contents in seeds increased from 12 to 50% in all infected genotypes. The increase of daidzein from 27 to 67% in seeds was observed, except for Malabar and Argomulyo . The increase of genistein was genotypic dependence. The increase of total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity was also depending on the genotypes. P. pachyrhizi could be one of the biotic elicitors to increase total flavonoid contents in soybean seeds. Dena 1 less suffered from the rust infection as represented by the least pustule number, less reduction in seed weight and weight of 100 seeds. Secondary metabolites particularly phenolics and isoflavones in seeds of this cultivar increased significantly after the rust infection. This cultivar could be considered as an alternative tolerant genotype where cultivated area is favorable for soybean rust infection.

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