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I Wayan Sutapa
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INDONESIA
Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research
  • Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research (Indones.
  • Website
Published by Universitas Pattimura
ISSN : 23385359     EISSN : 26142627     DOI : 10.30598//ijcr.2021.-irm
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science
Indo. J. Chem. Res. is a journal that regularly publishes primary articles covering all branches of chemistry and its sub-disciplines. Published articles consist of complete research, short communication, and review articles. The scope of published articles is not limited to inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry. Editors can invite articles review of authors that includes the latest developments in the field of interest of certain chemicals. A contribution is open to researchers from all countries.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 314 Documents
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Utilization of Glass Waste in Silica Gel Production Using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) with The Sol-Gel Method Rahmawati, Belinda Tri Setya; Vidyantari, Lyra; Sumada, Ketut
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-bel

Abstract

The utilization of glass waste as raw material for silica gel using the sol-gel method to produce high-quality products while reducing inorganic waste. Silica is extracted from glass waste using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then converted into sodium silicate. Silica gel synthesis is carried out by varying two main parameters: the sodium silicate: water ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and sulfuric acid concentration (1.5 M, 2 M, 2.5 M, 3 M, and 3.5 M). Product characterization was performed using XRF for SiO₂ content, XRD for amorphous structure, and BET for specific surface area. The highest SiO₂ content of 86.83% was obtained at a ratio of 1:5 and H₂SO₄ concentration of 3.5 M. In contrast, the highest specific surface area of 186.82 m²/g was achieved at the same ratio and 3 M. These conditions highlight the balance between sufficient acid strength to remove metallic and organic impurities and adequate dilution to maintain effective mass transfer, resulting in a SiO₂ purity of up to 99%. These results highlight the high potential of glass waste as an alternative silica source for adsorbent and catalyst support applications.
From Zircon Sand to Advanced Functional Materials: Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium-Based Metal Organic Frameworks Palapessy, Berryl Vendo; Reda, Brilyan Muhammad Rasyid; Failamani, Fainan; Patah, Aep
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-ber

Abstract

This study presents an integrated approach for converting zircon sand into functional materials based on zirconium metal–organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs). Zirconium was extracted through three main steps: alkali fusion, water leaching, and nitric acid leaching, resulting in a precursor identified as Zr(OH)2(NO3)2·1.33H2O (ZON). Characterization using XRF, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX revealed that ZON possesses a high zirconium content (94.87% relative to the total metal content) and distinct structural features. The ZON compound was subsequently utilized as a novel precursor in synthesizing of three types of Zr-MOFs: UiO-66, MOFs-801, and MOFs-808. Structural and morphological analyses indicated that all three MOFs were successfully formed with high crystallinity. These findings demonstrate that locally sourced zircon sand has strong potential as a sustainable and cost-effective raw material for MOF synthesis, while also bridging the knowledge gap between zirconium extraction and the development of sustainable materials chemistry based on local mineral resources.
Physicochemical Characterization and Recyclability of CaO/SiO₂ Catalysts Derived from Eggshell and Rice Husk for Biodiesel Application Nurhana, Eti Ayu; Perdani, Meka Saima; Umam, Hilman Imadul; Fadilla, Amalia Dian; Sitanggang, Christin Octaviani
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-eti

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and reusability of CaO/SiO₂ heterogeneous catalysts synthesized from eggshell and rice husk waste for biodiesel production. The catalyst, prepared with a 2:1 CaO to SiO₂ ratio, was applied in three transesterification cycles using waste cooking oil. Between cycles, the used catalyst was washed with n-hexane and dried at 80 °C for 12 hours. Catalyst characterization was performed using SEM-EDX, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. The biodiesel yield decreased from 65 ± 4.95% (first cycle) to 54 ± 1.41% and 46 ± 2.12% in subsequent cycles, indicating reduced catalytic activity. SEM-EDX revealed particle agglomeration, calcium content declined (from 24.78% to 19.22%), and increased silicon exposure (from 4.66% to 21.86%). FTIR analysis detected organic residue accumulation, while N2 adsorption-desorption results showed a decrease in surface area (20.79 to 11.67 m²/g) and pore volume (0.03 to 0.02 cc/g), with increased pore size. The biodiesel showed a density of 1112–1119 ± 1.41 kg/m³ and a kinematic viscosity of 2.03–2.07 cSt, indicating it still requires purification to meet SNI 7182:2015 standards. These findings highlight the catalyst's promising initial performance and underscore the need for regeneration strategies to maintain catalytic efficiency over multiple uses.
Isolation and Characterization of Humic Acid from Soil Humus from Ahuru Area, Ambon Island, and its Application as Adsorbent for Metal Ions Cu(II) and Pb(II) Male, Yusthinus Thobias; Kapressy, Blessing H; Tanasale, Matheis Matheis Frits Jan David Pieter; Nurwidah, Andi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Edition for January 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2026.13-yus

Abstract

Research on the isolation and characterization of humic acid from soil humus in the Ahuru area, Ambon Island, has been conducted. The isolation and purification of humic acid were carried out using an extraction method based on its solubility in a 0.1 M NaOH solution and precipitation in 6 M HCl. Based on the research findings, the humic acid content was determined to be 8.53%. Characterization was performed using an FTIR spectrophotometer to analyze the absorption profile and functional groups present in the isolated humic acid. The characterization results revealed that humic acid contains alcoholic and phenolic OH groups, aromatic C=C, carboxylic C=O, and conjugated alkenes with ketone C=O. The isolated humic acid was then utilized as an adsorbent for Cu(II) and Pb(II) metal ions at an optimum pH of 5, with a contact time of 60 minutes for Cu(II) metal ions and 90 minutes for Pb(II) metal ions. The study results indicated that the adsorption pattern for Cu(II) metal ions followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, with an adsorption capacity of 928.54 mg/g at a concentration of 200 mg/L. Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity of humic acid for Pb(II) metal ions was 795.97 mg/g at a concentration of 200 mg/L.
Development of a Rapid Paper Test Kit Method Based on Silver Nanoparticles for Early Detection of Stroke Disease Badi'ah, Hanim Istatik; Faizah, Mamluatul
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Edition for January 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2026.13-han

Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, there’s a need for rapid and affordable diagnostic tools. This study developed a paper test kit based on a colorimetric sensor utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNp) synthesized via sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction for cortisol detection as a biomarker related to stroke disease. The synthesized AgNp showed a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak at around 402 nm by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, confirming successful nanoparticle formation. Particle size analyzer (PSA) revealed uniform nanoscale distribution, with an average particle size of approximately 25 – 40 nm. The immobilization techniques of layer by layer and immersion were compared for embedding AgNp onto the paper substrate. The LBL technique is more suitable for analytical precision and reproducibility, while the immersion technique is advantageous for rapid, large-area production of paper-based colorimetric sensors. The developed paper taper testing kit exhibited a gradual color change from yellow to brown with increasing cortisol concentration. The quantitative value as a linear correlation and sensitivity was 0.09984 and 0.069 µM/mL, respectively. The RGB value of the developed paper test kit is (210, 180, 140). The results highlight the potential of the AgNp-based paper sensor as rapid and portable analytical platform for cortisol detection.
The Antioxidant Test of Ecoenzymes from Various Fruit Peel Wastes Napitupulu, Happy Chelsy Betaria; Pangela, Misael Ivan; Telaumbanua, Hepy Terima; Lase, Joy Sisokhi Putra; Tahya, Candra Yulius; Ringo, Sisilya Siringo
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Edition for January 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2026.13-hap

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with a large population and rapid industrial growth, facing serious challenges related to waste management. Waste is the remains produced by human activities. One interesting solution to handle the problem is the production of ecoenzymes through the fermentation process of natural organic waste materials. Ecoenzymes are biotechnology products that produce various types of enzymes and organic chemicals that are useful for various applications. Apart from that, laboratory tests also revealed the presence of antioxidant activity in these ecoenzymes, for Ecoenzyme A (IC50 = 13735.9 μg/mL) about 0.4 mL of ecoenzyme solution could inhibit 50% of radical activity, and for Ecoenzyme B (IC50 = 12029.4 μg/mL) about 0.3 mL solution could inhibit 50% of radical activity, and for Ecoenzyme C (IC50 = 15765.1 μg /mL) about 0.4 mL ecoenzyme could inhibit 50% of radical activity, which, although categorized as weak, is because the volume of ecoenzyme produced is very much greater (2 L) than the volume used for antioxidant testing, this product is much more economical and has enormous potential to be developed into cosmetic ingredients and other industrial products.
Study of Mercury and Arsenic Contamination in Gold Processing Tailings from Gunung Botak, Buru Island – Maluku Siahaya, Anto Netty; Tanasale, Matheis Frits Jan David Pieter; Joris, Shielda Natalia; Hasimin, Muhammad Syahyono; Choesni, Filky Sky
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Edition for January 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2026.13-ant

Abstract

Buru Island in Maluku Province is one of the sites of unlicensed gold mining activities (Illegal Gold Mining, IGM), which may lead to environmental pollution due to improper waste management. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) as hazardous pollutants (Hazardous and Toxic Materials, HTM) in gold processing tailings from Dafa and Debowae Villages, Buru Island. Tailings samples were collected from three different sites. Mercury concentrations were determined using Cold Vapor AAS, while As was analyzed using Hydride-Generation AAS based on the APHA-AWWA-WEF standard method (2005). The results showed that Hg levels in tailings from Debowae Village (Location 1 and 2) were 399.18 mg/kg and 286.39 mg/kg dry weight, respectively, whereas Dafa Village (Location 3) reached 1182.51 mg/kg dry weight. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.59 to 0.74 mg/kg dry weight across all locations. According to Indonesia Government Regulation PP No. 22 of 2021 on Hazardous Waste Management, Hg concentrations in all study sites exceeded the quality standard, whereas As levels remained below the permissible limits. These findings highlight the serious potential risk of mercury contamination in artisanal gold mining areas on Buru Island.
Utilization of Natural Zeolite Impregnated with Fe for Decolorization of Methylene Blue Paramitha, Tifa; Aulia, Bunga; Azzahra, Tarisha Aulia; Taufiqurohim, Teguh; Adhitasari, Alfiana
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Edition for January 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2026.13-tif

Abstract

Wastewater containing methylene blue, discharged into rivers, significantly impacts water quality due to its resistance to natural degradation. This study investigated the treatment of methylene blue using the photo-Fenton method, employing UV light to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and Fe catalyst. Natural zeolite was used as a support material, activated with NaOH solution, and impregnated with FeSO₄·7H₂O. Semi-quantitative EDS analysis indicated an iron content of 6.2 wt%. The XRD result shows that the crystalline iron phase was hematite. The photo-Fenton experiments were performed at a catalyst dosage of 0.1 g/L to degrade methylene blue with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L by varying pH levels (3, 5, 7) and H₂O₂ concentrations (15, 30, 45 mM). The optimal conditions were found to be a combination of 45 mM H₂O₂ concentration, pH 3, and under 365 nm UV lamp irradiation, achieving a maximum decolorization efficiency of 99.77% at 120 minutes. H₂O₂ concentration did not significantly affect final decolorization percentage, indicating that excess H₂O₂ does not enhance degradation beyond a certain threshold. The lowest final methylene blue concentration achieved was 0.05 mg/L, and the final chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced to 243.6 mg/L.
Formulation and Characterization of Uncaria gambir (U. gambir) Extract Cream as an Anti-Psoriasis Candidate: In Silico and In Vitro Studies Abidin, Khoirul Rista; Nurhidayattulloh, Ariffialdi; Siregar, Febrina; Dermawan, Abdurrafi Maududi; Dwisari, Fath; Oktaviria, Oktaviria; Suchi, Suchi; Indriani, Melly; Putri, Firda Aulia; Prasetyaningsi, Hernyati; Shofia, Shofia
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Edition for January 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2026.13-kho

Abstract

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder in which oxidative stress and COX-2–mediated pathways contribute to disease progression. Conventional topical therapies, particularly corticosteroids, are effective but associated with adverse effects and limited mechanistic targeting. Objective: This study investigated Uncaria gambir (U. gambir) extract as a natural anti-psoriasis candidate in a topical cream formulation through phytochemical, antioxidant, in silico, and physicochemical evaluations. Methods: The extract was screened for phenolic and flavonoid content and evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀). Molecular docking of catechin against the COX-2 receptor was performed using quercetin as a reference. Cream formulations containing varying extract concentrations were assessed for pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Results: U. gambir extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 6.84 ppm), falling within the range of highly active antioxidants, although less potent than vitamin C. Catechin showed stable COX-2 binding (−4.76 kcal/mol). The 4.5% cream formulation (F2) demonstrated optimal properties, with a skin-compatible pH (~7.5) and good spreadability (~5.5 cm). Conclusion: U. gambir extract shows promising potential as a natural topical agent targeting oxidative stress and inflammation in psoriasis, supporting further in vivo and clinical validation.
Cytotoxicity of Kamandin Saebo Glossocardia leschenaultii [Cass.] Veldkamp Extract with Various Solvents on T47D Cells Hasanah, Ulfatun; Budiyanto, Ratno; Triwahyuni, Novi; Badi’ah, Hanim Istatik
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Edition for January 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2026.13-ulf

Abstract

In Indonesia, cancer is one of the diseases with a high mortality rate. In 2018, there were 348,809 cases of cancer, with 16.7% of all cases being breast cancer. In Indonesia, breast and cervical cancer are the most common types. The purpose of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite content of compounds and the anticancer activity of kamandin saebo extract against T47D breast cancer cells from kamandin saebo (Glossocardia leschenaultii [Cass.] Veldkamp) samples using various types of solvents. The methods used were sample preparation, moisture content analysis, extraction using the ultrasonic method, secondary metabolite analysis using reagents, and anticancer testing against T47D breast cancer cells. The plants were washed thoroughly to obtain powder and sieved with a 60 mesh, with a moisture content of 11.5% (w/w), and the extraction results obtained concentrated extracts from various types of solvents. The secondary metabolite content of kamandin saebo is flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, and tannins. The anticancer activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, with IC50 values of 340, 272, and 107 µg/ml, respectively. The n-hexane extract has anticancer potential compared to ethyl acetate and methanol extracts.

Page 31 of 32 | Total Record : 314

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