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I Wayan Sutapa
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INDONESIA
Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research
  • Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research (Indones.
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Published by Universitas Pattimura
ISSN : 23385359     EISSN : 26142627     DOI : 10.30598//ijcr.2021.-irm
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science
Indo. J. Chem. Res. is a journal that regularly publishes primary articles covering all branches of chemistry and its sub-disciplines. Published articles consist of complete research, short communication, and review articles. The scope of published articles is not limited to inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry. Editors can invite articles review of authors that includes the latest developments in the field of interest of certain chemicals. A contribution is open to researchers from all countries.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 314 Documents
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Characterization of Lapindo Mud-Based Nanocatalyst and Quality Testing of Biodiesel from Used Cooking Oil via Transesterification Reaction Taqiya, Rufaidah Zulfa; Samik, Samik
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Edition for May 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-ruf

Abstract

This study explores the transesterification of used cooking oil using a Lapindo mud-based nanocatalyst and evaluates the resulting biodiesel quality. The reaction was carried out via the reflux method for 2 hours at 65°C, with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1 and a catalyst-to-oil weight ratio of 3:100. The high SiO₂ metal oxide content in Lapindo mud functions as a heterogeneous catalyst. Nanocatalyst synthesis involved calcination followed by ball milling. Characterization confirmed the presence of SiO₂: FTIR analysis identified Si-O-Si functional groups at 1168 cm⁻¹, XRD revealed SiO₂ crystals at 2θ values of 20.18°, 26.68°, 42.40°, and others, while XRF showed 47.0% SiO₂ content. PSA results indicated a particle size distribution of 514.3 ± 361.8 nm. Biodiesel analysis using GC-MS showed a methyl ester content of 99.26%. Other quality parameters included density (929.4 kg/m³), viscosity (4.52 mm²/s), water content (0.097%), and acid number (0.50 mg-KOH/g). These findings suggest that the Lapindo mud-based nanocatalyst is highly effective in promoting transesterification and presents a promising, eco-friendly alternative for biodiesel production from used cooking oil.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Silver Nanoparticle Composites With Gandaria Seed (Bouea macrophylla G.) Bioreductor and Ouw Natural Clay Matrix (ONC) Bijang, Catherina M.; Hasanela, Nurani; Joris, Shielda N.; Lihi, Risma; Salmawati, Mimi
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Edition for May 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-cat

Abstract

An antibacterial activity test of silver nanoparticle composite with bioreductor of gandaria seeds (Bouea macrophylla G.) and Ouw natural clay (ONC) matrix was conducted. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by forming the colloidal silver solution by chemical reduction method using gandaria seed bioreductor. The formation of AgNPs can be known through UV-Vis absorption when there is a color change. Based on the results, the maximum wavelength of colloidal NPP is 435-444 nm. Silver nanoparticles synthesized through the preparation process were tested to determine their effectiveness as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The test results showed that the NPP formulation, containing an aqueous extract of gandaria seeds with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), produced an inhibition zone of 10.6 mm against E. coli, indicating strong antibacterial activity. In contrast, the activity against S. aureus was classified as moderate, with an inhibition zone measuring 6.8 mm. For the antibacterial activity test with Ag/ONC nanocomposite samples on both test bacteria, there was no inhibition zone or antibacterial activity.
Adsorption of Inorganic and Organic Waste of Chemistry Laboratory by Using Eggshell-based CaO Karim, Kurnia Ramadani; Firnanelty, Firnanelty; Fadhilah, Nur
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-kur

Abstract

Laboratory activities are closely related to using corrosive, acidic, and toxic chemicals in producing inorganic and organic waste, such as heavy metals, resulting from chemical reactions, and organic waste originating from ethanol solvents. Adsorption can be an appropriate waste handling step to reduce metal levels in waste. CaO can be used as an adsorbent through several mechanisms. One involves the basic nature of CaO, which forms ionic bonds with acidic compounds in the environment, so these molecules or ions can be adsorbed on the CaO surface. The aims are to characterize CaO and to determine the amount of adsorption power of the CaO catalyst on metals (Pb and Cd) and organic waste (ethanol) originating from the chemistry laboratory. The SSA measurement showed that the waste tested contained the highest levels of Cd and Pb metals, namely 16.82 ppm and 1.52 ppm. The adsorption results using CaO showed that the absorption capacity for Cd and Pb metal was up to 99%, while for ethanol, it was around 20%. It showed that CaO can be used as an adsorbent for laboratory waste.
The Leaching of Manganese Ore from Patappa, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Nurhawaisyah, Sitti Ratmi; Jafar, Nurliah; Heriansyah, Andi Fahdli; Arifin, Mubdiana; Juradi, Muhammad Idris; Febrianty, Vanda; Utami, Hesti; Bakri, Suriyanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-sit

Abstract

Manganese ores are considered economical and worth selling if they have a purity value above 40%. However, not all mined manganese metal minerals have the appropriate purity value. Manganese metal minerals can be processed using various hydrometallurgical methods to separate metal minerals from their associated minerals using solvents. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of manganese leaching recovery at each variation of temperature and percent solids and to determine the effect of both on manganese recovery. The findings of this study could significantly contribute to the field of metallurgy and mineral processing by providing a deeper understanding of the factors influencing manganese recovery. The method used in this study began with sample preparation. The results of sample preparation were analyzed using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XRF (X-ray fluorescence). Some of the sample preparation results were leached with several variations in temperature; the leaching results were continued with analysis using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The results showed that increasing the leaching temperature and percent solids would increase the leaching reaction rate, resulting in higher Mn recovery.
The Influence of Chip Size Variation in the Pulping Process from Jabon Wood Dirna, Fitria Cita; Wahyuningtyas, Irma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-fit

Abstract

Wood is the primary raw material in the pulp and paper industry. Due to its favorable fiber characteristics, Jabon wood (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is a promising fast-growing pulp and paper production species. This study investigates the effect of nine different chip size variations, including their length and thickness (1×3, 3×3, 5×3, 1×5, 3×5, 5×5, 1×7, 3×7, and 5×7), on pulp yield, fiber properties, and chemical performance using the kraft pulping method. Parameters measured include pulp yield, fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter, cell wall thickness, and derived indices such as Runkle ratio, felting power, Muhlsteph ratio, rigidity coefficient, flexibility ratio, and kappa number. Results show that chip size does not significantly affect yield but influences fiber quality and kappa number. Shorter and thinner chips improved chemical penetration, resulting in lower kappa numbers and higher-quality pulp. Fiber classification based on IAWA criteria placed jabon wood in class II, indicating medium to suitable suitability for pulp. The study provides novel insight into optimizing chip geometry for kraft pulping of jabon wood, which has rarely been explored in previous literature. These findings are relevant for enhancing raw material efficiency and pulp quality in industrial applications.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Using Composite Fe3O4-Ihau Fruit Peel Powder (Dimocarpus longan var. malesianus Leenh.) Arisa, Putri; Wirawan, Teguh; Widodo, Nanang Tri
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-put

Abstract

A study has been conducted on the adsorption of methylene blue dye using Fe3O4-ihau fruit peel powder composite as the adsorbent. The Fe3O4-ihau fruit peel powder composite adsorbent was synthesized using the co-precipitation method from FeSO4.7H2O and FeCl3.6H2O in a 3:2 ratio, then composited with ihau fruit peel powder. The resulting Fe3O4-ihau fruit peel powder composite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). FTIR characterization results of the Fe3O4-ihau fruit peel powder composite showed an absorption peak at a wave number of 586.36 cm-1, corresponding to the Fe-O group. SEM revealed that the Fe3O4-ihau fruit peel powder composite has an uneven surface and smaller pores compared to the ihau fruit peel powder, and XRD showed a diffractogram of the Fe3O4-ihau fruit peel powder composite that closely resembled that of Fe3O4. Methylene blue adsorption by the Fe3O4-ihau fruit peel powder composite adsorbent was optimal at pH 4 with an optimum contact time of 75 minutes, and it had a maximum adsorption capacity of 43.7267 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption of methylene blue dye using Fe3O4-ihau fruit peel powder composite adsorbent occurs spontaneously, endothermically, and by physisorption.
Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Rice Husk Using Nitric Acid Hydrolysis Fernanda, Moza Ayu; Novianah, Delia Indah; Siswati, Nana Dyah; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-moz

Abstract

Rice husk residue has excellent potential as a raw material for making cellulose nanocrystals because of its relatively high cellulose content. This research focuses on determining the most effective hydrolysis conditions, especially the reaction time and nitric acid (HNO₃) content, in the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals. This study also aims to determine the effect of variations in nitric acid concentration and hydrolysis time on the amount of product produced (yield) and the final size of cellulose nanocrystals. The process of making these nanocrystals involves three main stages, namely the removal of lignin using a 17,5% NaOH solution, followed by annealing using a 10% H₂O₂ solution, and finally breaking the cellulose bonds (acid hydrolysis) with a concentrated nitric acid solution of between 2% and 6% for different time periods (30 to 15 minutes). Product characterization using FT-IR and SEM has been carried out to confirm the presence of cellulose and determine the size of the nanocrystals formed. Experimental results show that the smallest cellulose crystal size achieved is between 0,93 to 65,10 μm, which was obtained through hydrolysis using 6% nitric acid for 150 minutes.
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Antiperspirant Preparations Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Dwisari, Fath; Dermawan, Abdurraafi Maududi; Amalia, Puspa; Tjoadri, Tessa Nathalia; Rahma, Nur Atika
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-fat

Abstract

Commercial antiperspirant products commonly incorporate synthetic compounds, several of which have raised concerns due to their potential carcinogenicity. Moreover, the inclusion of natural antibacterial agents in these formulations remains limited. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Rosella), a plant rich in bioactive secondary metabolites, offers a promising natural alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of rosella-based antiperspirant formulations, particularly against Staphylococcus epidermidis, a key contributor to body odor. Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were developed and assessed based on several parameters: pH, organoleptic properties, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results demonstrated that the antiperspirant preparations complied with standard evaluation criteria. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay outcomes yielded statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the mean diameter of the inhibition zones, indicating that H. sabdariffa L. exhibited measurable antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. These findings support the potential application of Rosella extract in developing natural and efficacious anti-perspirant products.
Synthesis of Asymmetric Curcumin Analogue (2,6)-2-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzylidine)-6-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidine)cyclohexanone with a Base Catalyst Nafillah, Khoirotun; Ekawati, Linda; Purwanto, Purwanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-kho

Abstract

Curcumin analogs are phenolic secondary metabolites that are more stable than curcumin because they do not contain active methylene groups. Generally, these compounds have a symmetric structure, while asymmetric curcumin analogs with higher frequency and potency are rarely synthesized. This study aimed to synthesize asymmetric curcumin analogs from 2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone and bromoanisaldehyde. The synthesis was conducted using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation method with a base catalyst in ethanol at 25 °C for 12 hours. The intermediate compound available in the laboratory was characterized using GC-MS, showing a molecular ion (M⁺) at m/z 246. Meanwhile, bromoanisaldehyde was characterized by GC-MS and FT-IR, yielding a molecular ion at m/z 215 and a C–Br stretching vibration peak at 812 cm⁻¹. The study yielded a yellow solid weighing 0.13 g (yield percentage: 2.93%) with a melting point of 143-147 °C. UV-Vis, FT-IR, and HR-MS analysis confirmed the successful synthesis and characterization of the asymmetric curcumin analog, as evidenced by the molecular ion (M⁺) at m/z 443.06274 in the HR-MS spectrum. However, further analysis, such as ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR, is needed to confirm the structure of the compound. Furthermore, research related to bioactivity testing is crucial for obtaining more stable and effective drug candidates.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Extracts from Sambal Orange Peel (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) on Erythrocyte Membrane Stabilization Sukandiarsyah, Fadli; Hayati, Defi Nurul; Sari, Vina Purnama; Riska, Bella
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-fad

Abstract

Inflammation is the body's defense response to various stimuli. Sambal orange (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) belongs to the Rutaceae family and is widely cultivated in West Kalimantan. This study uses the erythrocyte membrane stabilization method to test the secondary metabolite content, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extracts of sambal orange peel. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through erythrocyte membrane stabilization. The results showed that the extract had an antioxidant IC50 value of 17.90 ppm, which is very strong. Membrane stability at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm showed increases of 32.20%, 38.39%, 47.37%, 55.18%, and 65.52%, respectively. The % stability values of sodium diclofenac at the same concentrations were 50.10%, 58.40%, 66.69%, 78.59%, and 87.70%, respectively. The one-way ANOVA test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between treatments. The Tukey post-hoc test showed no significant difference between the 250 ppm extract concentration and the 150 ppm sodium diclofenac concentration. The IC50 value for the extract's anti-inflammatory activity was 163.55 ppm (moderate activity), while sodium diclofenac exhibited stronger activity with an IC50 value of 54.09 ppm.

Page 30 of 32 | Total Record : 314

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