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Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan di Daerah Pinggiran Sungai dengan Stunting pada Balita (Studi di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat Kabupaten Banjar) Akbar, Muhammad Rizqan Alfitri; Herawati, Herawati; Santi, Eka
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.67777

Latar belakang: Kondisi stunting menggambarkan hambatan perkembangan tubuh akibat asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi, dengan periode kritis sejak kandungan sampai anak berumur dua tahun. Persoalan kesehatan ini menjadi perhatian dunia yang mendesak, khususnya di Indonesia, dimana di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat, Kabupaten Banjar masih mencatat angka kejadian yang besar. Terdapat keterkaitan yang kuat antara masalah gizi dengan sanitasi lingkungan. Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan buruk pada daerah pinggiran sungai berpotensi mengakibatkan bermacam penyakit yang mengganggu tumbuh kembang balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan sanitasi lingkungan di daerah pinggiran sungai terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita dalam wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat Kabupaten Banjar.Metode: Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan observasional analitik melalui rancangan cross sectional, dengan keseluruhan responden berjumlah 43 orang yang ditetapkan menggunakan teknik total sampling dari populasi yang ada. Variabel dikaji dengan melakukan observasi melalui lembar observasi sanitasi lingkungan dan pengukuran antropometri melalui z-score (TB/U), variabel tersebut meliputi: sanitasi lingkungan di daerah pinggiran sungai dan stunting pada balita. Setelah data terkumpul, dilakukan tabulasi dan analisis menggunakan uji Rank Spearman.Hasil: Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang tidak sehat pada kebanyakan responden, sementara sebagian besar balita terdeteksi mengalami stunting. Melalui uji korelasi Spearman diperoleh hubungan bermakna (p-value 0,020) yang menghubungkan sanitasi lingkungan di daerah pinggiran sungai terhadap munculnya stunting pada balita dalam wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat, Kabupaten Banjar.Simpulan: Hasil akhir penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang terkait antara sanitasi lingkungan pada daerah pinggiran sungai dengan stunting pada balita yang berada di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat, Kabupaten Banjar. ABSTRACT Title: The Relationship between Environmental Sanitation in Riverbank Areas and Stunting in Toddlers (Study in the Working Area of UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat, Banjar Regency)Background: Stunting describes a developmental impediment due to insufficient nutritional intake, with a critical period from the womb until the child is two years old. This health issue is an urgent global concern, especially in Indonesia, where in the working area of the UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat, Banjar Regency still records a large incidence. There is a strong link between nutrition and environmental sanitation. Poor environmental sanitation conditions in riverside areas have the potential to cause various diseases that interfere with the growth and development of toddlers. This study aims to analyze the relationship of environmental sanitation in riverside areas to the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of the UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat, Banjar Regency.Method: This study applied an analytical observational approach through a cross sectional design, with a total of 43 respondents determined using total sampling technique from the existing population. Variables were studied by making observations through environmental sanitation observation sheets and anthropometric measurements through z-score (TB/U), these variables include: environmental sanitation in riverside areas and stunting in toddlers. After the data were collected, tabulation and analysis were conducted using the Spearman Rank test.Result: The research findings revealed unhealthy environmental sanitation conditions in most respondents, while most under-fives were detected to be stunted. Through the Spearman correlation test, a significant relationship (p-value 0.020) was obtained linking environmental sanitation in riverside areas to the occurrence of stunting in children under five years of age in the working area of the UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat, Banjar Regency.Conclusion: The final results showed that there is a correlation between environmental sanitation in riverside areas and stunting in children under five years of age in the working area of the UPTD Puskesmas Martapura Barat, Banjar Regency.

Analisis Spasial Dinamika Penularan Malaria di Wilayah Dataran Tinggi Kabupaten Muara Enim Sunarsih, Elvi; Hasyim, Hamzah; Purba, Imelda Gernauli; Trisnaini, Inoy; Rosyada, Amrina; Lewinsca, Maurend Yayank; Fakhriyatiningrum, Fakhriyatiningrum
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.68418

Latar belakang: Malaria menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan dunia karena vektor potensialnya dengan total kasus sebanyak 241 juta jiwa tahun 2020 yang tersebar di 85 negara endemis malaria dengan dinamika penularan yang berbeda. Kabupaten Muara Enim telah dinyatakan bebas malaria pada tahun 2024 namun masih perlu adanya penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis spasial dinamika penularan malaria di Kabupaten Muara Enim sehingga status bebas malaria dapat dipertahankan.Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode survei yang dirancang berdasarkan sistem informasi geografis dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Data sekunder adalah kasus malaria tahun 2021-2023 di 2 kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Lawang Kidul dan Kecamatan Tanjung Agung. Data diperolah dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Muara Enim, Puskesmas Tanjung Enim (Kecamatan Lawang Kidul), dan Puskesmas Tanjung Agung.Hasil: Analisis spasial menghasilkan data distribusi kasus malaria, galian tambang, area rawa, area kebun, area aliran sungai, dan vegetasi (semak belukar). Berdasarkan analisis spasial diatas bahwa wilayah dengan konsentrasi kasus malaria cenderung berada dekat dengan rawa-rawa dan sungai. Hal ini menunjukkan hubungan antara kondisi geografis tertentu (area basah dan berair) dengan peningkatan kasus malaria, karena tempat ini merupakan habitat potensial bagi nyamuk vektor malaria. Sebagian besar wilayah adalah kebun, diikuti oleh sawah, rawa-rawa, dan semak belukar. Kawasan vegetasi ini dapat berfungsi sebagai tempat berkembang biaknya nyamuk. Dari analisis univariat menggunakan spasial, dapat diketahui bahwa daerah dengan jumlah kasus tinggi umumnya berada di area dataran rendah atau yang memiliki akses ke sumber air seperti sungai dan rawa.Simpulan: Dinamika masalah utama kasus malaria di Kabupaten Muara Enim disebabkan karena kabupaten ini merupakan daerah wilayah dataran tinggi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa rawa dan sungai menjadi faktor risiko dinamika penyebaran malaria oleh karena perlu adanya antisipasi pemerintah untuk mempertahankan status eliminasi malaria. ABSTRACTTitle: Spatial Analysis of Malaria Transmission Dynamics in the Highland Areas of Muara Enim RegencyBackground: Malaria remains one of the world's major health problems due to its potential vectors, with a total of 241 million cases in 2020 spread across 85 malaria-endemic countries, each with varying transmission dynamics. Muara Enim Regency was declared malaria-free in 2024, but research is still needed to analyze the spatial dynamics of malaria transmission in the regency to ensure the malaria-free status is maintained.Methods: This study used a survey method designed based on a geographic information system (GIS) and employed secondary data. The secondary data consisted of malaria cases from 2021–2023 in two subdistricts: Lawang Kidul and Tanjung Agung. Data were obtained from the Muara Enim Health Office, Tanjung Enim Community Health Center (Lawang Kidul Subdistrict), and Tanjung Agung Community Health Center.Results: Spatial analysis provided data on the distribution of malaria cases, mining areas, swamp areas, plantation areas, river flow areas, and vegetation (bushland). Based on this spatial analysis, areas with a concentration of malaria cases tend to be near swamps and rivers. This indicates a relationship between specific geographical conditions (wet and water-rich areas) and increased malaria cases, as these locations serve as potential habitats for malaria vector mosquitoes. Most of the area comprises plantations, followed by rice fields, swamps, and bushland. These vegetative areas can serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. From univariate spatial analysis, it was observed that regions with high case numbers are generally in lowland areas or areas with access to water sources like rivers and swamps.Conclusion: The primary dynamics of malaria cases in Muara Enim Regency are influenced by its status as a highland area. The study concluded that swamps and rivers pose risk factors for malaria transmission dynamics, highlighting the need for government anticipation to maintain the malaria elimination status.

Uji In Vitro Efektivitas Ekstrak Biji Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Sebagai Larvasida Alami Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Culex sp. Instar III di Loka Labkesmas Pangandaran Anissah, Neli; Setiani, Onny; Darundiati, Yusniar Hanani
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.69516

Latar belakang: Indonesia beriklim tropis dengan curah hujan yang tinggi, yang memungkinkan nyamuk dapat dengan mudah hidup dan berkembang biak. Nyamuk Culex sp. berperan sebagai vektor untuk penyakit seperti Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile Virus dan Filariasis. Salah satu metode pengendalian alami yang bisa diterapkan adalah dengan memanfaatkan larvasida hayati, yaitu pestisida yang terbuat dari bahan nabati. Biji sirsak diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang dapat di manfaatkan sebagai insektisida alami.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan desain post-test only controlled group. Larva yang digunakan larva nyamuk Culex sp. instar III dengan 5 konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak (0%, 0,125%, 0,25%, 0,5% dan 1%, masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 25 larva dan pengulangan 5 kali. Pengamatan di lakukan setelah 24 jam dan yang di peroleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney dan uji Probit untuk menghitung nilai LC50.Hasil: Biji sirsak memiliki kandungan senyawa alkaloid, senyawa ini bersifat toksik bagi pernapasan dan sistem pencernaan larva. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak biji sirsak (Annona muricata L.) akan meningkatkan jumlah mortalitas (kematian) larva Culex sp. Nilai LC50 yang diperoleh sebesar 0,188%, yang berarti konsentrasi 0,188% dapat menyebabkan efek 50% kematian populasi larva Culex sp. dalam waktu 24 jam.Simpulan: Ekstrak biji sirsak efektif sebagai larvasida alami terhadap larva nyamuk Culex sp., dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 0,188%. Temuan ini, menunjukan bahwa ekstrak biji sirsak (Annona muricata L.) bisa menjadi alternatif untuk pengendalian vektor nyamuk yang aman, berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. ABSTRACT Title: Effectiveness Test of Soursop Seed Extract (Annona muricata Linn) as a Larvicide Against the Mortality of Culex sp. LarvaeBackground: Indonesia has a tropical climate with high rainfall, which provides favorable conditions for mosquitoes to live and breed easily. Culex species mosquitoes act as vectors for diseases such as Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus, and filariasis. One natural control method that can be applied is the use of biolarvicides, which are pesticides derived from plant-based materials. Soursop seeds are known to contain bioactive compounds that can be utilized as natural insecticides.Methods: This study was conducted experimentally using a post-test only controlled group design. The test subjects were third-instar Culex sp. mosquito larvae, exposed to five concentrations of soursop seed extract (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%). Each treatment group consisted of 25 larvae with five repetitions. Observations were made after 24 hours, and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney test, and Probit analysis to determine the LC₅₀ value.Result: Soursop seeds contain alkaloid compounds, which are toxic to the respiratory and digestive systems of mosquito larvae. The study showed that increasing the concentration of soursop seed extract (Annona muricata L.) led to a higher mortality rate of Culex sp. larvae. The LC₅₀ value obtained was 0.188%, indicating that this concentration caused 50% mortality of the larval population within 24 hours.Conclusion: Soursop seed extract is effective as a natural larvicide against Culex sp. mosquito larvae, with an LC₅₀ value of 0.188%. These findings suggest that soursop seed extract (Annona muricata L.) can serve as a safe, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative for mosquito vector control.

Analisis Hubungan Kadar Merkuri (Hg) dan Derajat Keasaman Saliva Terhadap Indeks DMF-T Pada Penambang Emas Skala Kecil di Desa Ramang Pulang Pisau Frethernety, Agnes; Jelita, Helena; Nugrahini, Shinta; Alexandra, Francisca Diana; Jakung, Benedikta Cemara Raninai
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 3 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.71923

Latar Belakang: Aktivitas penambangan emas skala kecil di sekitar Sungai Kahayan menyebabkan kontaminasi merkuri yang dapat masuk ke tubuh manusia melalui air atau makanan. Merkuri bersifat toksik dan dapat memengaruhi kondisi saliva, termasuk pH, yang turut berperan dalam proses terbentuknya karies gigi. Studi tentang hubungan langsung kadar merkuri dan keasaman saliva terhadap karies masih terbatas, khususnya pada kelompok penambang emas. Tujuan studi ini menganalisis hubungan kadar merkuri dan derajat keasaman saliva terhadap indeks DMF-T pada penambang emas skala kecil di Desa Ramang, Kecamatan Banama Tingang, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study dengan 30 Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2024. Sebanyak 30 responden penambang emas dipilih secara purposive sampling. Variabel kadar merkuri dalam saliva diukur menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), pH saliva menggunakan pH meter digital, dan indeks DMF-T diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan klinis gigi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil: Rerata kadar merkuri dalam saliva adalah 290,6 mg/L, yang tergolong sangat tinggi dibanding ambang batas aman dalam tubuh (20 mg/L). Rerata pH saliva sebesar 4,8 menunjukkan kondisi asam (pH < 5,5), dan indeks DMF-T sebesar 13,4 mengindikasikan tingkat kerusakan gigi yang sangat tinggi (DMF-T≥9,0). Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar merkuri dengan indeks DMF-T (p = 0,704) maupun antara pH saliva dengan indeks DMF-T (p = 0,403).Simpulan: Meskipun kadar merkuri dan pH saliva cukup bervariasi di antara responden, keduanya tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan indeks DMF-T. Keterbatasan penelitian ini tidak memasukan faktor lain seperti pola makan dan kebersihan gigi yang dapat memengaruhi kejadian karies gigi pada penambang emas skala kecil di Desa Ramang, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau. ABSTRACT Title: Correlation between Mercury (Hg) Levels and Salivary Acidity with DMF-T Index among Small-Scale Gold Miners in Ramang Village, Pulang Pisau RegencyBackground: Small-scale gold mining activities around the Kahayan River have led to mercury contamination, which can enter the human body through water or food. Mercury is toxic and can affect salivary conditions, including pH, which plays a role in the development of dental caries. Studies investigating the direct relationship between mercury levels and salivary acidity in relation to caries are still limited, particularly among gold miners. This study aims to analyze the relationship between mercury levels and salivary pH with the DMF-T index among small-scale gold miners in Ramang Village, Banama Tingang Subdistrict, Pulang Pisau Regency.Methods: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted in May 2024. A total of 30 small-scale gold miners were selected through purposive sampling. Mercury levels in saliva were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), salivary pH was assessed using a digital pH meter, and the DMF-T index was obtained through clinical dental examinations. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation test.Results: The average mercury level in saliva was 290.6 µg/L, which is considered very high compared to the safe threshold (20 µg/L). The mean salivary pH was 4.8, indicating an acidic condition (pH < 5.5), and the DMF-T index averaged 13.4, suggesting a very high level of dental caries (DMF-T ≥ 9.0). Spearman’s test showed no significant correlation between mercury levels and the DMF-T index (p = 0.704), nor between salivary pH and the DMF-T index (p = 0.403).Conclusion: Although mercury levels and salivary pH varied among respondents, neither showed a significant relationship with the DMF-T index. This study is limited by not accounting for other influencing factors such as dietary habits and oral hygiene, which may contribute to the occurrence of dental caries among small-scale gold miners in Ramang Village, Pulang Pisau Regency.

Evaluation of Food Waste in the Nutrition Installation at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta Hospital Yumna, A'ida Hana; Ulfa, Maria; Razalli, Nurul Huda; Rajikan, Roslee; Akca, Nesrin; Saygili, Meltem
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.71214

Judul: Evaluasi Limbah Makanan di Instalasi Gizi di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta, IndonesiaLatar Belakang: Limbah makanan rumah sakit berdampak signifikan pada biaya operasional, keberlanjutan lingkungan, dan kualitas perawatan pasien. Limbah makanan berkontribusi terhadap jejak ekologi global dan muncul dari berbagai faktor seperti kepuasan pasien terhadap makanan, keragaman menu, dan kontrol porsi. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi limbah makanan yang dihasilkan oleh pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta dan bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi limbah makanan untuk mengembangkan strategi pengurangan yang efektif.Metode: Dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian kuantitatif, penelitian ini difokuskan pada 50% sampel dari kapasitas tempat tidur rumah sakit, yang melibatkan 127 pasien. Data tentang limbah makanan pasien dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran langsung pada tiga interval: jumlah makanan yang disajikan, limbah yang dihasilkan di dapur, dan sisa makanan di piring pasien. Berat badan dicatat dengan cermat untuk pasien yang memenuhi syarat selama penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) untuk menentukan pola konsumsi dan mengukur total limbah makanan per makanan.Hasil: Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa sebagian besar limbah makanan terjadi selama makan malam (30.643 kg), melebihi limbah selama makan siang dan sarapan. Rata-rata, 84,23 kg makanan dibuang setiap hari, dengan 75% (n=227) pasien memilih untuk tidak mengonsumsi makanan mereka. Faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi meliputi ukuran porsi yang tidak tepat, pilihan menu yang tidak menarik, dan gangguan dalam aktivitas pasien yang memengaruhi waktu makan.Simpulan: Penelitian ini menyoroti volume sampah makanan yang signifikan di antara pasien rawat inap rumah sakit, yang terutama disebabkan oleh selera makan, variasi menu, dan kualitas makanan. Temuan tersebut menekankan perlunya ukuran porsi yang dioptimalkan, penawaran menu yang beragam, dan strategi distribusi makanan yang lebih baik dalam layanan gizi rumah sakit. Peningkatan di area ini diantisipasi akan menghasilkan pengurangan sampah makanan, biaya operasional yang lebih rendah, dan mendukung inisiatif keberlanjutan lingkungan. ABSTRACTBackground: Hospital food waste significantly impacts operational costs, environmental sustainability, and patient care quality. It contributes to the global ecological footprint and arises from multifaceted factors such as patient meal satisfaction, menu diversity, and portion control. This study evaluates food waste generated by inpatients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Yogyakarta Hospital and aims to identify factors influencing food waste to develop effective reduction strategies.Methods: Employing a quantitative research methodology, the study focused on a sample representing 50% of the hospital's bed capacity, involving 127 patients. Data on patient meal waste were collected through direct measurements across three intervals: the quantity of food served, waste generated in the kitchen, and food remaining on patient plates. Weights were meticulously recorded for eligible patients throughout the study. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine consumption patterns and quantify total food waste per meal.Results: Findings reveal that most of the food waste occurred during dinner (30.643 kg), surpassing waste during lunch and breakfast. On average, 84.23 kg of food was discarded daily, with 75% (n=227) of patients opting not to consume their meals. Contributing factors included inappropriate portion sizes, unappealing menu selections, and interruptions in patient activities affecting mealtime.Conclusion: This research highlights a significant volume of food waste among hospital inpatients, primarily driven by appetite, menu variety, and food quality. The findings emphasise the necessity for optimised portion sizes, diversified menu offerings, and improved meal distribution strategies within hospital nutritional services. Enhancements in these areas are anticipated to yield reductions in food waste, lower operational costs, and bolster environmental sustainability initiatives.

Pollution Level of the Downstream Area of Paguyaman River, Gorontalo, Indonesia: A Study Based on the Microalgae Distribution and Saprobic Index Habibie, Sitty Ainsyah; Kadim, Miftahul Khair; Sahami, Femy M.
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.68083

Judul : Level Kualitas Perairan Bagian Hilir Sungai Paguyaman, Gorontalo, Indonesia: Suatu Kajian Berdasarkan Distribusi Mikroalga dan Indeks SaprobikLatar Belakang: Sungai Paguyaman membentang sepanjang 136,25 km dan merupakan daerah aliran sungai terbesar kedua di Provinsi Gorontalo. Bagian hilir sungai ini bermuara di Teluk Tomini dan berada di perbatasan antara Desa Girisa Kecamatan Paguyaman Kabupaten Boalemo dan Desa Bilato Kecamatan Boliyohuto Kabupaten Gorontalo. Bagian hilir sungai ini menjadi sumber penghidupan bagi masyarakat di sekitarnya, namun kualitas perairannya terancam akibat pencemaran organik yang berasal dari aktivitas domestik dan pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis dan distribusi mikroalga, dan menilai kualitas perairan menggunakan indeks saprobik di wilayah hilir Sungai Paguyaman, Gorontalo.Metode: Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada empat stasiun dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan, dimulai dari stasiun 1 tepat di bibir muara sungai, kemudian disusul stasiun 2 hingga 4 dengan jarak antar stasiun 3-4 km. Mikroalga yang diamati mencakup mikroalga planktonik (fitoplankton) dan mikroalga yang melekat pada substrat batu (perifiton). Sementara parameter fisik perairan mencakup kedalaman air, suhu, kecepatan arus, kecerahan, dan substrat dasar, serta parameter kimia perairan mencakup pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), dan salinitas.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroalga yang ditemukan di wilayah hilir Sungai Paguyaman berasal dari 10 kelas yang terdiri dari 101 spesies dan 45 genus. Komposisi terbanyak berasal dari kelas Bacillariophyceae.Simpulan: Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H'), indeks dominansi dan indeks keseragaman mikroalga, perairan secara umum berada dalam kategori komunitas stabil dengan keberadaan atau kepadatan biota yang merata. Nilai indeks saprobik (SI) 1,64 dan nilai indeks keadaan trofik (TSI) 0,65 menunjukkan bahwa tingkat saprobitas wilayah hilir Sungai Paguyaman saat ini berada pada tingkat Oligo/b-mesosaprobik yaitu termasuk pada kategori tercemar ringan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa perairan di hilir sungai mengalami penurunan kualitas yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan ekosistem dan masyarakat. ABSTRACT Background: Paguyaman River stretches for 136.25 km and represents the second largest drainage basin in Gorontalo Province. Its downstream area of the river empties into Tomini Bay and is located on the border between Girisa Village, Paguyaman Subdistrict, Boalemo Regency, and Bilato Village, Boliyohuto Subdistrict, Gorontalo Regency. This regions constitutes a vital source of livelihood for the local community. However, organic pollution from domestic and agricultural activities threatens the quality of its waters. The objective of this study is to identify the types and distribution of microalgae and assess water quality using saprobic index in the downstream area of Paguyaman River, Gorontalo.Method: Sampling was conducted at four stations with three replications per station. The sampling began at station 1, located at the river mouth, and continued to stations 2 through 4, with a distance of 3-4 km between stations. Microalgae observed included planktonic microalgae (phytoplankton) and microalgae attached to rock substrates (periphyton). The physical parameters included water depth, temperature, current velocity, brightness, and bottom substrate, while the chemical parameters included pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and salinity.Result: The findings revealed that microalgae in the downstream area of the Paguyaman River came from 10 classes of 101 species and 45 genera. The most significant composition comes from the Bacillariophyceae class. Conclusion: According to the diversity index (H'), dominance index, and uniformity index of microalgae, the waters are generally classified as stable communities, characterized by the presence or density of biota that are evenly distributed. The Saprobic Index (SI) value of 1.64 and the Trophic Status Index (TSI) value of 0.65 indicate that the saprobity level of the downstream area of the Paguyaman River is currently at the Oligo/b-mesosaprobic level, which is included in the lightly polluted category. This finding indicates that the river downstream is experiencing degrading, potentially affecting the health of the ecosystem and the surround community.

Kadar Nitrat dan Nitrit Pada Air Minum Isi Ulang (AMIU) Widiyanto, Teguh; Nuryanto, Nuryanto; Suparmin, Suparmin
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.67995

Latar belakang:.Air Minum Isi Ulang (AMIU) berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan jika kualitasnya tidak memenuhi syarat. Nitrat dan nitrit merupakan parameter wajib bagi kualitas air minum. Kadar nitrat dan nitrit yang melebihi baku mutu berdampak pada efek hematologi dan neurologis. Berdasarkan laporan menunjukkan bahwa pengelola Depot belum rutin melakukan pemeriksaan kualtas AMIU secara fisik, kimia dan mikrobologi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pemodelan suhu, kekeruhan, TDS dan pH dengan kadar nitrat dan nitrit pada AMIU.Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional anaitik dengan design study crossectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah AMIU di 18 Depot. Sampel adalah sebagian AMIU yang diambil dari 18 Depot. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan pemeriksaan sampel meliputi suhu, kekeruhan, TDS, pH, nitrat dan nitrit pada AMIU. Data yang terkumpul, kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana dan berganda untuk memprediksi nilai suhu, kekeruhan, TDS dan pH dengan kadar nitrat dan nitrit.Hasil: Hasil pemeriksaan sampel AMIU menunjukkan bahwa suhu (Mean=24,828; Median=24,950; Min-Max=23,400-26,000 dan Standar Deviasi (SD)=0,765), kekeruhan (Mean=0,286; Median=0,200; Min-Max=0,070-0,840 dan SD=0,229%), TDS (Mean=94,222; Median=90,000; Min-Max=85,000-116,000 dan SD=9,143), pH (Mean=7,120; Median=7,205; Min-Max=5,900-7,930 dan SD=0,618), nitrat (Mean=0,698; Median=0,058; Min-Max=0,010-0,183 dan Standar Deviasi (SD)=0,051) dan nitrit (Mean=0,039; Median=0,029; Min-Max=0,010-0,133 dan SD=0,033). Hasil uji regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan kekeruhan dan TDS dengan kadar Nitrat dan nitrit. Persamaan model regresinya adalah nitrat=0,231+0,037*kekeruhan+0,003*TDS dan nitrit=-0,066+0,118*kekeruhan+0,001*TDS.Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan kekeruhan dan TDS terhadap kadar nitrat dan nitrit. Semakin meningkatnya kekeruhan dan TDS, diprediksi dapat meningkatkan kadar nitrat dan nitrit pada AMIU. ABSTRACTTitle: Nitrate and Nitrite Levels in Refillable Drinking WaterBackground:. Refillable drinking water has the potential to cause health problems if the quality does not meet the requirements. Nitrates and nitrites are mandatory parameters for the quality of drinking water. Nitrate and nitrite levels that exceed quality standards have an impact on hematological and neurological effects. Based on the report shows that Depot managers have not routinely checked the quality of refillable drinking water physically, chemically and microbiologically. The objective of the study was to analyze the modeling of temperature, turbidity, TDS and pH with nitrate and nitrite levels in refill drinking water.Methods: Type of anaitic observational study with cross-sectional design study. The population in this study was refillable drinking water in 18 depots. The sample was a portion of refillable drinking water taken from 18 depots.. Data collection techniques through interviews, observations and sample testing include temperature, turbidity, TDS, pH, nitrate and nitrite in refillable drinking water. The data collected, then processed and analyzed statistically using a simple linear regression test and multiple to predict the value of temperature, turbidity, TDS and pH with nitrate and nitrite levels.Results: : The results of the examination of the refill drinking water sample showed that the temperature (Mean=24.828; Median=24,950; Min-Max=23,400-26,000 and Standard Deviation (SD)=0.765), turbidity (Mean=0.286; Median=0.200; Min-Max=0.070-0.840 and SD=0.229%), TDS (Mean=94.222; Median=90,000; Min-Max=85,000-116,000 and SD=9,143), pH (Mean=7,120; Median=7,205; Min-Max=5,900-7,930 and SD=0.618), nitrate (Mean=0.698; Median=0.058; Min-Max=0.010-0.183 and Standard Deviation (SD)=0.051) and nitrite (Mean=0.039; Median=0.029; Min-Max=0.010-0.133 and SD=0.033). The results of a simple linear regression test showed that there was a relationship between turbidity and TDS with nitrate and nitrite levels. The regression model equation is nitrate=0.231+0.037*turbidity+0.003*TDS and nitrite=-0.066+0.118*turbidity +0.001*TDS.Conclusion: There is a relationship between turbidity and TDS on nitrate and nitrite rates. The increasing turbidity and TDS are predicted to increase nitrate and nitrite levels in refill drinking water.

Dampak Kualitas Udara Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Kejadian ISPA di Kecamatan Medan Denai, Kota Medan Nasution, Sri Lestari Ramadhani; Girsang, Ermi; Butar-Butar, Erika Fatrecia Marsaulina; Hafizah, Nandani Zakia; Manalu, Putranto
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 3 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.70451

Latar Belakang: Tingginya angka kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) di Kecamatan Medan Denai diduga kuat berkaitan dengan buruknya kualitas udara dalam ruangan, khususnya di kawasan padat penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara berbagai parameter kualitas udara dalam ruangan dengan kejadian ISPA di wilayah tersebut.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 300 responden dari rumah-rumah di area padat penduduk Kecamatan Medan Denai yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data mengenai parameter fisik dan kimia kualitas udara serta status ISPA dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran langsung, kuesioner, dan observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara kejadian ISPA dengan suhu udara, kelembapan, laju ventilasi, kadar SO2, NO2, CO, dan paparan asap rokok (p<0,05). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa laju ventilasi yang buruk meningkatkan risiko ISPA sebesar 26,4 kali (RR=26,430), kelembapan yang tidak sesuai standar meningkatkan risiko 43,8 kali (RR=43,84), dan paparan asap rokok meningkatkan risiko 5,5 kali (RR=5,550). Sementara itu, tingkat pencahayaan, kadar timbal (Pb), formaldehida (HCHO), dan volatile organic compounds (VOC) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan.Simpulan: Kualitas udara dalam ruangan yang tidak memenuhi standar, terutama laju ventilasi yang buruk, secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko kejadian ISPA di Kecamatan Medan Denai. Pemilik rumah direkomendasikan untuk secara aktif meningkatkan sirkulasi udara dengan cara membuka jendela dan pintu secara teratur untuk memastikan pertukaran udara yang memadai. Selain itu, penting untuk mengendalikan sumber polusi di dalam rumah, seperti tidak merokok di dalam ruangan, serta menjaga suhu dan kelembapan pada tingkat yang ideal untuk meminimalkan risiko penyakit pernapasan. Edukasi dan pemantauan berkala oleh pemerintah juga diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat. ABSTRACT Title: The Impact of Indoor Air Quality on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in Medan Denai Sub-district, Medan CityBackground: The high incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in the Medan Denai Sub-district is strongly suspected to be associated with poor indoor air quality, particularly in densely populated areas. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between various indoor air quality parameters and the incidence of ARIs in the region.Method: This research employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample comprised 300 respondents from households in densely populated areas of Medan Denai Sub-district, selected using purposive sampling. Data on physical and chemical air quality parameters and ARI status were collected through direct measurements, questionnaires, and observations. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Result: A significant relationship was found between the incidence of ARIs and air temperature, humidity, ventilation rate, levels of SO₂, NO₂, CO, and exposure to tobacco smoke (p < 0.05). The results indicate that poor ventilation increases the risk of ARIs by 26.4 times (RR = 26.43), non-standard humidity increases the risk by 43.8 times (RR = 43.84), and exposure to tobacco smoke increases the risk by 5.5 times (RR = 5.55). Conversely, lighting levels, lead (Pb), formaldehyde (HCHO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed no significant association.Conclusion: Substandard indoor air quality, especially poor ventilation, significantly increases the risk of ARIs in Medan Denai Sub-district. Homeowners are advised to actively improve air circulation by regularly opening windows and doors to ensure adequate air exchange. Furthermore, controlling indoor pollution sources, such as refraining from smoking indoors, and maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels are crucial to minimizing the risk of respiratory diseases. Public education and regular monitoring by government agencies are essential to raise awareness and promote healthier indoor environments.

Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan dan Perilaku Prolingkungan pada Keluarga Nelayan : Perbandingan Wilayah Kepulauan dengan Daratan Gusti, Aria; Iqbal, Wira
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.72861

Latar belakang: Penyakit berbasis lingkungan seperti ISPA, dermatitis, dan diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang signifikan di komunitas nelayan pesisir Indonesia. Penelitian di wilayah pesisir menunjukkan insidensi penyakit diare mencapai 58%, dermatitis kontak 20%, dan ISPA 5,5%. Perbedaan karakteristik geografis antara wilayah kepulauan dan daratan berpotensi memengaruhi perilaku pro-lingkungan dan tingkat kejadian penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kejadian penyakit berbasis lingkungan dan perilaku pro-lingkungan antara keluarga nelayan di wilayah kepulauan dan daratan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi komparatif dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2024. Populasi penelitian adalah keluarga nelayan di Kelurahan Muara Siberut (kepulauan) dan Pasie Nan Tigo (daratan). Sebanyak 198 responden dipilih dengan teknik stratified random sampling. Variabel penelitian adalah penyakit berbasis lingkungan dan perilaku prolingkungan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, kemudian dianalisis dengan uji chi-square untuk melihat perbedaan antar wilayah.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kejadian ISPA dan diare lebih tinggi pada keluarga nelayan di Muara Siberut (62,8% dan 54,7%) dibandingkan dengan Pasie Nan Tigo (37,2% dan 45,3%). Kejadian dermatitis lebih tinggi di Pasie Nan Tigo (68,9%) dibandingkan dengan Muara Siberut (31,1%). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kejadian ISPA (p=0,049) dan dermatitis (p=0,000), namun tidak pada diare (p=0,256). Dari sisi perilaku, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada metode pembuangan sampah, kebiasaan memakai alas kaki, dan menjaga kebersihan halaman rumah. Sebaliknya, perilaku membuka jendela dan keberadaan vektor tidak berbeda signifikan antara kedua wilayah.Simpulan: Perbedaan geografis memengaruhi perilaku pro-lingkungan dan kejadian penyakit berbasis lingkungan pada keluarga nelayan. Diperlukan kebijakan penguatan pengelolaan sanitasi berbasis masyarakat di wilayah kepulauan sebagai upaya preventif yang aplikatif dan berkelanjutan. ABSTRACT Title: Environmentally Based Diseases and Pro-Environmental Behavior in Fishermen's Families: Comparison of Island and Mainland AreasBackground: Environmentally-based diseases such as acute respiratory infections, dermatitis, and diarrhea remain significant health problems in Indonesia's coastal fishing communities. Research in coastal areas indicates that the incidence of diarrhea reaches 58%, contact dermatitis 20%, and acute respiratory infections (ARI) 5.5%. Differences in geographic characteristics between island and mainland areas can influence pro-environmental behavior and disease incidence rates. This study aims to analyze differences in the incidence of environment-based diseases and pro-environmental behavior between fishing families in island and mainland areas.Method: This study is a comparative study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted from May to July 2024. The study population was fishermen’s families in Muara Siberut Village (islands) and Pasie Nan Tigo (mainland). A total of 198 respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The research variables were environment-based diseases and pro-environmental behavior. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires, then analyzed using the chi-square test to see differences between regions..Result: The results of the study showed that the incidence of ARI and diarrhea was higher in fishing families in Muara Siberut (62.8% and 54.7%) compared to Pasie Nan Tigo (37.2% and 45.3%). The incidence of dermatitis was higher in Pasie Nan Tigo (68.9%) compared to Muara Siberut (31.1%). There were significant differences in the incidence of ARI (p=0.049) and dermatitis (p=0.000), but not in diarrhea (p=0.256). In terms of behavior, there were significant differences in waste disposal methods, footwear habits, and yard maintenance. In contrast, the behavior of opening windows and the presence of vectors did not differ significantly between the two regions.Conclusion: Geographical differences affect pro-environmental behavior and the incidence of environmentally based diseases in fishing families. A policy is needed to strengthen community-based sanitation management in the archipelago as an applicable and sustainable preventive effort.

Personal Hygiene dan Sanitasi Tempat Pengolahan Terhadap Kualitas Bakteriologis Makanan Jajanan di Pasar Cidu Kota Makassar Zaenab, Zaenab; Azizah, Nurfitriani
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.68340

Latar belakang: Makanan jajanan merupakan salah satu jenis pangan yang berisiko tinggi terhadap cemaran bakteriologis, jika pengolahan dan penyajiannya tidak memenuhi standar kebersihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui personal hygiene dan sanitasi tempat pengolahan terhadap kualitas bakteriologis makanan jajanan pasar di Pasar Cidu Kota Makassar.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah 171 pedagang. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling sebanyak 20 orang penjamah dan 20 sampel makanan jajanan yang disajikan. Jenis makanan yang diuji meliputi makanan berbahan dasar daging, telur dan susu. Analisis laboratorium terhadap parameter bakteriologis yaitu angka kuman, Escherichia coli, dan Salmonella sp. Analisa data menggunakan Uji Fisher's exact test dengan signifikansi p-value < 0,05 dinyatakan memiliki hubungan.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 19 responden (95%) dengan kategori personal hygiene buruk dan 1 responden (5%) dengan kategori baik, sanitasi tempat pengolahan makanan menunjukkan sebanyak 14 TPM (70%) dengan kategori buruk sedangkan sebanyak 6 TPM (30%) dengan kategori baik. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar makanan jajanan yang diuji mengandung cemaran bakteri, dengan angka kuman > 1.000 koloni/gr pada 17 (85%) sampel, Escherichia coli positif pada 3 (15%) sampel, dan Salmonella sp terdeteksi pada 1 (5%) sampel.Simpulan: Tidak ada hubungan personal hygiene terhadap kualitas bakteriologis pada makanan jajanan di Pasar Cidu Kota Makassar dengan p-value 0,150 > 0,05, p-value Salmonella sp. 1.000 > 0,05 dan p-value bakteri Escherichia coli 1.000 > 0,05 sedangkan ada hubungan kondisi sanitasi tempat pengolahan makanan dengan kualitas bakteriologis angka kuman dengan p value 0,018 < 0,05. ABSTRACT Title: Personal Hygiene of Food Handlers and Sanitation of Food Processing Facilities on the Bacteriological Quality of Street Food at Cidu Culinary Market Makassar CityBackground: Street food is considered high-risk for bacteriological contamination if its processing and serving do not meet hygiene standards. This study aims to assess the personal hygiene of food handlers and the sanitation of food processing areas in relation to the bacteriological quality of street food at Cidu Market, Makassar City.Method: This was an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 171 food vendors. A purposive sample of 20 food handlers and 20 street food samples commonly served by them was selected. The tested food samples included those made from meat, eggs, and milk. Laboratory analysis was conducted to examine bacteriological parameters total plate count, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test, with a significance level set at p-value < 0.05.Result: The study found that 19 respondents (95%) had poor personal hygiene, while only 1 (5%) was categorized as good. In terms of sanitation, 14 food processing sites (70%) were in poor condition, and 6 (30%) were in good condition. Laboratory tests showed that most street food samples were contaminated: 17 samples (85%) had total plate counts > 1,000 CFU/gram, E. coli was found in 3 samples (15%), and Salmonella sp. was detected in 1 sample (5%).Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between personal hygiene and the bacteriological quality of street food p-values total plate count 0.150 < 0,05, E. coli 1.000 , 0,05 and Salmonella sp. 1.000 < 0,05. However, a significant relationship was found between the sanitation condition of food processing areas and total plate counts p-value 0.018 < 0,05.

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Nurjazuli

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Editorial Address
Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA

Abstract

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Nurjazuli

Contact Email nurjazulifkmundip@gmail.com

Phone +6282133023107

Journal Mail Official jkli@live.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275

Location Kota semarang, Jawa tengah INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
Nurjazuli

Contact Email
nurjazulifkmundip@gmail.com

Phone
+6282133023107

Journal Mail Official
jkli@live.undip.ac.id

Editorial Address
Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275

Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA