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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Medicine
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490265     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.
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Articles 407 Documents
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Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Using Antiplatelet Drugs Uptake in Decreasing Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Nurhayati, Happy; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Viscoelastic coagulation testing in COVID-19 patients often found elevated concentrations of D-dimer and fibrinogen. Thrombotic complications can be in the form of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), where this thrombotic disease is one of the factors associated with increased mortality of COVID-19 patients. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of antiplatelet drugs in reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients.Subjects and Method: This is a meta-analysis study using PRISMA flowchart guidelines. The article search process was carried out between 2020-2021 using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The article search was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined in the PICO model. Population= COVID-19 patients, Intervention= using antiplatelet drugs, Comparison= not using anticoagulant drugs, Outcome= mortality. The keywords used were "antiplatelet" AND "mortality" AND "COVID-19". The inclusion criteria used were English full-text cohort papers and the relationship measure used as the adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Based on the database, 9 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.3 software.Results: The meta-analysis was carried out on 9 articles from the UK, Spain, Germany, Poland, America, Israel, and China. The results of data processing showed that COVID-19 patients who received antiplatelet drugs had a 0.70 times risk of dying than those without antiplatelet drugs, and it was not statistically significant (aOR= 0.70; CI 95%= 0.46 to 1.07; p= 0.100).Conclusion: The use of anticoagulant drugs reduces the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients, but it is not statistically significant.Keywords: antiplatelet, mortality, COVID-19Correspondence: Happy Nurhayati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: happyajja3@gmail.com. Phone: +62 81226160538.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(03): 315-324https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.03.09
Probiotics and Its Effects on the Cognitive Development in Children: A Meta-Analysis Ambarsari, Anggraini; Murti, Bhisma; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Due to its high morbidity and mortality rate, diarrhea is still a major health problem among children, particularly toddlers, in developing countries. One of the causes of diarrhea in children is the side effect of antibiotics or known as antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Evidences of studies conducted in several countries indicated the high use of antibiotics among children that put the group at a high risk of enduring AAD. Probiotics has shown efficacy in preventing and curing various medical conditions, especially those involving digestive tract in children.Subject and Method: It was a systematic review and meta- analisis study. Data collection was conducted by obtaining from databases, namely: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct. The study was analyzed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Inclusion criteria used were full paper in English with Randomized controlled trial design during the period of 2000-2022. Keywords used were “Probiotic” AND “Antibiotic Associated Antibiotic” AND “Child” AND “Randomized Controlled Trial”.Results: Meta-analisis was conducted to 9 primary studies from several countries such as Poland, Italy, Korea, Iran, and Australia. Mata-analysis concludes that there were effects of probiotics toward antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Children who were given probiotics had one-third time risk of diarrhea episodes compared to those who were not given probiotics (RR= 0.32; 95% CI= 0.23 to 0.44; p<0.001). Heterogeneity of between-study effect estimates of the meta-analysis data was (I2= 0%; p= 0.096) therefore, calculation of effect estimates was written by using fixed effect approach. Funnel plot did not identify the occurrence of publication bias out of the meta-analysis. Therefore, the funnel plot did not identify the occurrence of publication bias.Conclusion: Probiotics have effects in reducing antibiotics-associated diarrhea incidences in children.Keywords: probiotics, diarrhea, antibiotics.Correspondence:Anggraini Ambarsari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University. Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: Aanggraini.ambarsari29@gmail.com. Mobile: 085600184363Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(02): 232-241https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.02.11
Differences in the Effect of the Combination of Home-Based Walking Exercise and Pursed Lip Breathing with Pranayama Exercise on Increasing Lung Capacity in COPD Conditions Haritsah, Nurul Fithriati; Windiastoni, Yoga Handita; Noerdjannah, Noerdjannah
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.871 KB) | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2022.7.4.590

Abstract

Background:  Data from the pulmonary disease polyclinic at Bangil Hospital showed an increase in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patient visits. In 2018 the number of COPD patients who visited the pulmonary disease clinic for the last 3 months was 219 COPD patients. COPD patients experience deficits in caring for themselves due to various symptoms that manifest as a manifestation of the development of COPD disease. This study aimed to determine the differences in the effect of the combination of home-based walking exercise and pursed lip breathing with pranayama exercise on increasing lung capacity in COPD conditions.Subjects and Method:  The design of this study is a two-group pre and post-test design. As many as 8 respondents to the pursed lip breathing intervention and home-based walking exercise and 8 respondents to the pranayama exercise according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study compared the effect of walking exercises combined with pursed lip breathing and pranayama exercise on increasing lung vital capacity in COPD patients. The independent variable is lung capacity. The dependent variable is home-based walking exercise and pursed lip breathing This research was conducted once a week for 12 weeks in May-August 2021 at Dungus Madiun Lung Hospital. All categories were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney run on SPSS.Results:  The results before being given the combination of pursed lip breathing and home-based exercises (Mean= 95.39; SD= 0.70) compared to after being given the combination of pursed lip breathing and home-based exercises (Mean= 98.08; SD= 1.23) and statistically significant p<0.001 increases lung capacity in COPD conditions. The results before being given pranayama exercises (Mean= 95.83; SD= 0.71), after being given pranayama exercises (Mean= 97.54; SD= 0.81) and statistically significant p<0.001 increased lung capacity in COPD conditions. score in the elderly was 32.57 (Mean= 32.57; SD= 4.49).Conclusion:  There is an effect of giving a combination of home-based walking exercises and pursed lip breathing in increasing the lung capacity of COPD patients. There is an effect of providing pranayama exercise in increasing the lung capacity of COPD patients.Keywords: home-based walking exercise, pranayama exercise, pursed lip breathing, lung capacityCorrespondence:  Nurul Fithriati Haritsah. Department of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnic Surakarta, Ministry of Health. Jl. Letjend Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta 57127, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nurulfithriati_haritsa@yahoo.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 439-448https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.09 
Role of Copeptin in predicting of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) during Hospitalization on Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Wasyanto, Trisulo; Raynantha, I Putu; Yasa, Ahmad
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Copeptin has been considered as a potential biomarker for AMI which also give information regarding the prognostic of the Acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study is to understand the role of copeptin as a predictor of major adverse cardio­vascular events (MACE) during hospitalization in AMI patients.Subjects and Method: This was a cohort analytical study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from March to May 2021. The dependent variable was MACE. The inde­pendent variable was the copeptin level. We observe the MACE during hospitalization and analyze the cut-off point value for optimal copeptin levels to predict the occurrence of MACE using the receiver operating characteris­tic (ROC) curve. Linear multiple regression was conducted to predict determinants of MACE in hospitalization patients.Results: 52 patients recruited in this research (44 males, 8 females). During hospitalization, MACE occurred in 52% of these subjects, with the respective proportions for acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmias, cardio­pulmonary resuscitation, and mortality of 28%, 10%, 8%, 4%, and 2%. The ROC curve showed that the cut-off point of copeptin was 2,141.50 pg/mL and area under curve (AUC) value of 0.710 with sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 68.80% and accuracy of 71.15%. Hence, the AUC values and accuracy present fair results for predicting MACE during hospitalization in AMI patients.Conclusion: Copeptin has a role as a predict­tor of MACE during hospitalization in AMI patients.Keywords: copeptin, mayor adverse cardio­vascular events, acute myocardial infarctionCorrespondence: Trisulo Wasyanto. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ Dr. Moewardi Hos­pital. Jl. Kol. Sutarto 132, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: trisulo.wasyanto@gmail.­com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(02): 230-238https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.02.12. 
Reduction of Fructosamine Levels after Ramadan Fasting in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Faizi, Muhammad; Rochmah, Nur; Marcos, Imella; Endaryanto, Anang; Soetjipto, Soetjipto
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Ramadan fasting is one religious challenge for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) which required specific management and strict monitoring. Fructosamine, which reflects glycemic control within 2-3 weeks, is an ideal parameter of glycemic control in Ramadan fasting. This study aimed to analyzed the effect of Ramadan fasting on fructosamine level of children with T1DM.Subjects and Method: This prospective cohort study included children aged under 18 years old diagnosed wit T1DM for >6 months at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in Ramadan 1438 H (May-June 2017). The independent variable from this study was Ramadhan fasting and the depen­dent variables were fructosamine and HbA1c. The sampling technique was total sampling. Forty-two children were included and devided into 27 children in the fasting and 15 children in the non-fasting group. Fructosamine and HbA1c levels were measured before, mid- and after Ramadan and the comparison between groups were analyzed using the independent T-test.Results: The mean age of all the subjects was 8.95 (SD=3.2) years old, 47.6% were males. The mean (SD) HbA1c level of all the subjects was 10.42 (1.16) %. There was a mild reduction of mean fructosamine level after Ramadan in the fasting group. There was no significat differece I fructsamie level before (Mean= 556.8; SD= 180.39; p= 0.620), mid (Mean= 568.07; SD= 175.37; p= 0.520), and after Ramadhan between groups (Mean= 539.41; SD= 173.04; p= 0.410) respectively. The average fructosamine levels after Ramadan was positively and strongly related to HbA1c (r=0.69; p<0.001). There was no case of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in both groups.Conclusion: There is a reduction of mean fructosamine level after Ramadan fasting in children with T1DM although it isn’t statistically significant.Keywords: type 1 diabetes, children, fasting, Ramadan, fructosamineCorrespondence: Nur Rochmah. Department of Child Health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Mayjend Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60286. Number: +6281703501118. Email: drnurrochmah@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(02): 131-137https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.02.02
Meta-Analysis Predictors of Sufficient Pain Management among Children at Pre-hospital Medical Service Jadmiko, Arief Wahyudi; Adyani, Sang Ayu Made
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.039 KB) | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2022.7.4.566

Abstract

Background: Safely treating pain in children is a critical but challenging task for emergency medical teams. Few studies have focused on pain management guidelines at the hospital or department level. This study aimed to examine predictors of good pain management in children in prehospital health services.Subject and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis study using PRISMA diagrams. The article search was conducted based on the PICO Model eligibility criteria. P: children with pre-hospital acute Pain. I: analgesic administration and male. C: no analgesic administration, and female. O: pain reduction. The articles used were from 5 databases: EBSCO, Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Science Direct. The search keywords for articles were as follows “pain management” OR “pain reduction” AND “predictors” AND “pre-hospital care” AND “children”. The inclusion criteria in this study include full-text articles with observational study designs, full-text available articles, the relationship size used is the adjusted Odds Ratio, articles published in the 2010-2022 range, and the research outcome is sufficient pain management or efficient pain reduction. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: There are 8 articles in this study, 2 from Australia, 1 from the United States, 1 from Switzerland, and 4 articles from the United Kingdom. The article was analyzed using the PRISMA flow diagram. The study results show that analgesic administration has increased the odds of 3.36 times greater for pain reduction than without analgesic administration. This result was statistically significant (aOR= 3.36; 95% CI = 1.94 to 5.82; p<0.001). However, no significant results from the gender that showed there is no different between male and female patients for pain reduction (aOR= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.98 to 1.27; p= 0.100).Conclusion: Analgesic administration is sufficient pain management for children with acute Pain in pre-hospital medical care.Keywords: children, pre-hospital care, pain management, predictorsCorrespondence: Arief Wahyudi Jadmiko. Nursing Department, Faculty of Health, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. Jl. Raya Limo Depok 16515 West Java, Indonesia. Email: ariefwjadmiko@gmail.com. Mobile: 085647213628.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 360-370https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.01 
Effect of Zingiber officinale Rhizome Powder on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Meta-Analysis Novianto, Fajar; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is the most common type of diabetes caused by insulin resistance and relative deficiency of insulin secretion. Several studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effect of Zingiber officinale powder in patients with type 2 DM. As a result of these inconsistencies, researchers are compelled to prove the effect of Zingiber officinale powder on fasting blood sugar (GDP) and HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients through a meta-analysis study.Subject and Method: This study is a meta-analysis of a number of randomized controlled trials. The articles were obtained from the PubMed, Science Direct, Springerlink and Google Scholar databases published in 2012-2022. The search articles were carried out by considering the feasibility of the criteria determined using the PICO model. Population: type 2 DM patients, Intervention: Zingiber officinale rhizome powder, Comparison: placebo, Outcome: GDP and HbA1c levels. The keywords used are “Zingiber officinale” OR “Zingiber” OR “Z. officinale” OR “Ginger” AND “Fasting blood glucose” AND “HbA1c” OR “A1c” OR “Glicemic” OR “Glucose” OR “Diabetes Mellitus” OR “type 2 diabetes mellitus” AND “Randomized Controlled Trial”. Article selection with PRISMA flow diagram. Analysis of articles using the Revman 5.3 application.Results: A total of 11 articles were reviewed in this study. Analysis of 11 articles showed that administration of Zingiber officinale rhizome powder could significantly reduce GDP levels in type 2 DM patients (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)= -0.79; 95% CI= -1.32 to -0.26; p= 0.004). Analysis of 10 articles showed that administration of Zingiber officinale rhizome powder could significantly reduce HbA1c levels (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI= -0.55 to -0.22; p<0.001).Conclusion: Zingiber officinale rhizome powder can significantly reduce GDP and HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients.Keywords: Zingiber officinale, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, GDP, HbA1cCorrespondence: Fajar Novianto. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir.Sutami No.36, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: dr.fajarnovianto@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 39-50https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.05
Effect of Health Education with Spinal Anesthesia Video to Lower Pre-Anesthesia Anxiety in Genteng General Hospital, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia Katmini, Katmini; Suryanto, Suryanto; Puspitasari, Yenny
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Spinal anesthesia is an anesthetic method by injecting local analgesic drugs into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of health education with spinal anesthesia videos on anxiety in pre-anesthesia in the operating room of the Genteng Regional General Hospital Banyuwangi.Subjects and Method: A quasi experiment study was conducted in Genteng General Hospital, Banyuwangi, East Java, in August 2022. A sample of 15 patients who underwent surgery under spinal anesthesia was selected by incidental sampling. The dependent variable is anxiety. The independent variables were video educational intervention. Anxiety was measured by Anxiety Analog Scale (AAS). Other variables were collected by questionnaire. The difference test in the paired group was examined using paired t-test.Results: Anxiety level after intervention (Mean= 180; SD= 80.84) was lower than before (Mean= 305; SD= 75.12) with p<0.001.Conclusion: Video of spinal anesthesia intervention lower anxiety in pre anesthesia surgery.Keywords: anxiety, spinal video, pre anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, health educationCorrespondence: Katmini. STRADA Indonesian Institute of Health Sciences. Jl. Manila No. 37, Kediri, East Java 64123, Indonesia. Email: katminitini@gmail.com. Mobile: 0823-3466-2921.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(03): 306-312https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.03.07  
Meta-Analysis the Efficacy of Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) in Reducing Pain in Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis Ardiyanto, Danang; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint has the highest prevalence among all types of rheumatic diseases. The most common symptom of knee OA is pain around the joint. Patients with OA require long treatment, especially using analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Turmeric is efficacious as a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica) on pain in patients with knee OA compared to placebo and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), based on the results of a number of previous similar studies.Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: patients with knee OA. Intervention: turmeric extract. Comparison: placebo and NSAIDs. Outcome: pain reduction. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles: “Knee Osteoarthritis” OR “Knee OA” AND “Curcuma longa” OR “Curcuma domestica” OR “Turmeric extract” AND “Placebo” OR “NSAID” AND “pain” OR “visual analogue scale” OR “ VASE". The articles included are full-text with RCT study designs from 2011 to 2021. The selection of articles is carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.Results: A total of 15 RCT studies were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Data collected from 10 studies showed that patients with knee OA who received turmeric extract experienced 1.60 units lower joint pain than placebo (SMD= -1.60; 95% CI= -2.23 to -0.97; p<0.001). Data from 5 studies showed that patients with knee OA who received turmeric extract experienced 0.06 units higher joint pain than NSAIDs. The comparison between the turmeric extract group and the NSAID group did not show any significant difference (SMD= 0.06; 95% CI= -0.10 to -0.22; p= 0.490).Conclusion: Administration of turmeric extract was more effective than placebo and not inferior to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in reducing pain in patients with knee OA.Keywords: osteoarthritis, turmeric, painCorrespondence: Danang Ardiyanto. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: drdanank@gmail.com. Mobile: 08122762579.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(04): 364-376https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.04.02
Effects of Virtual Reality Therapy and Range of Motion Exercise on Range of Motion in Stroke Patients: Meta-Analysis Nugroho, Septyan Dwi; Tamtomo, Didik; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.265 KB) | DOI: 10.26911/theijmed.2023.8.1.606

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a disease caused by interference with blood flow in the brain which is still a global problem today. Post-stroke care needs to be done to prevent the worsening of the condition. One of the right interventions that can be done is virtual reality therapy and range of motion exercise. This study aims to examine, analyze and estimate changes in the range of motion of stroke patients with virtual reality therapy and range of motion exercise.Subjects and Method: Metaanalysis was carried out according to the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model (Population: stroke patients, Intervention: virtual reality therapy and range of motion exercise, Comparison: not performed virtual reality therapy and range of motion exercise Outcome: range of motion). The databases used are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The keywords used (“virtual reality” OR VR) AND (stroke OR CVD) AND (“range of motion exercise” OR ROM OR “motor exercise”) AND (stroke OR CVD) AND “Randomized Control Trial”. The inclusion criteria were full-text articles with RCT studies published in 2012-2022, articles in English, and bivariate and multivariate analysis. Analysis was performed using ReVman 5.3.Results: There were 20 articles with a randomized control trial design originating from Iran, Turkey, China, Egypt, Myanmar, South Korea, Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, and Canada involving 799 people. A meta-analysis of 10 RCT studies concluded that virtual reality therapy increased the range of motion of stroke patients by 2.77 units (SMD= 2.77; 95% CI = 1.29 to 4.24; p<0.001) compared to no virtual reality therapy. In addition, the range of motion exercise intervention can also increase the stroke patient's range of motion by 0.84 units (SMD= 0.84; 95% CI= 0.35 to 1.33; p<0.001) compared to not being given range of motion exercise.Conclusion: Virtual Reality Therapy and Range of Motion exercises can increase the range of motion of stroke patients.Keywords: virtual reality therapy, range of motion exercise, stroke, range of motion, meta-analysis.Correspondence: Septyan Dwi Nugroho. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: septyandwin@gmail.com. Mobile: 081804418933.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(01): 23-36https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.01.03

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