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Indonesian Journal of Medicine

theijmed
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Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : - EISSN : 25490265 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Indonesian Journal of Medicine (IJM) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, focusing on the intersection of biomedical science, clinical medicine, and community medicine. The journal began its publication on August 20, 2015, and is published online three times yearly. It is academically designed for all physicians, health researchers, and health care professionals, regardless of their medical specialties, or type of employment.

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Articles 407 Documents

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Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil Administration to Increase HDL, Decrease LDL and IL-6 in Hypercholesterol Male Wistar Rats Maulidia, Meli; Wibowo, Joko Wahyu; Sumarawati, Titiek
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Hypercholesterol is a change in blood lipid profile levels, from rising cholesterol levels that can be triggered by frequent consumption of fatty foods. Hypercholesterol causes adipose tissue and macrophages to release inflammatory cytokines, then adipose cells release IL-6 and spur the formation of CRP. This study aimed to determine the effect of Virgin coconut oil (VCO) on changes in HDL, LDL, and IL-6 levels in hyper cholesterol mice.Subjects and Method: This randomized controlled trial was carried out at the PSPG UGM Nutrition Laboratory in August 2021. The total number of samples used was 20 tails and 4 spare tails, namely 24 male Wistar strain rats. Sampling using simple random sampling. The independent variables in this study were the dose of VCO 0.9 ml/200g BW/day, and 0.45 ml/200g BW/day. The dependent variables in this study were HDL, LDL, and IL-6 cholesterol levels in male Wistar rats. The data in the analysis used a normality test with the Shapiro-Wilk test and a data homogeneity test with the Levane test. HDL dan LDL levels were measured using a lysis reagent, while IL-6 was measured using the ELISA method.Results: Average LDL and HDL levels are highest in the P1 group compared to the P2, K0, and K1 groups. The One Way Anova test on HDL levels showed a significant difference between groups with p<0.001. One Way Anova test results on LDL and IL-6 levels showed significant differences between the groups (p<0.001) and (p= 0.004).Conclusion: Administering VCO at a dose of 0.9 mL/ 200 g BB/day 0.45 mL/200 g BB/day, and 86.4 mg/200 g can increase HDL and IL-6 levels in male rats Wistar strain with hyper cholesterol and lowered LDL levels by the same dose in male mice with hyper cholesterol.Keywords: hyper cholesterol, HDL, LDL, IL-6Correspondence: Meli Maulidia, Magister Ilmu Biomedik, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Jl. Raya Kaligawe Km.04 Semarang 50112, Central Jawa, Indonesia. Email: maulidia.dr@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285740003464.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 471-478https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.12

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Telemonitoring on Blood Sugar Levels and Quality of Life in Diabetes Patients Sholihah, Anisa Asri; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Prasetya, Hanung
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic disease, requires continuous monitoring and treatment to have a better quality of life. Telemonitoring is a medium that may help in monitoring patients with type 2 DM. This study aimed to analyze the effect of using telemonitoring on blood sugar levels and quality of life of patients with type 2 DM with a meta-analysis study.Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted with PRISMA flow diagram. The articles were collected through journal databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest, published in 2000-2021. The keywords used were ("telemedicine" OR "tele-monitoring" OR "tele-monitoring") AND ("diabetes" OR "diabetes mellitus" OR "diabetes mellitus type 2") AND ("glucose level") AND ("quality of life"). The searching of articles used the PICO model. Population: people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Intervention: telemonitoring, Comparison: not using telemonitoring, Outcome: blood sugar level and quality of life. Inclusion criteria were full-text articles with Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study design, published in English, with the effect measure of Mean SD. Eligible articles were analyzed using Revman 5.3.Results: A meta-analysis of 11 primary studies on the use of telemonitoring of blood sugar level showed a decrease in blood sugar (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes by 0.20 times compared to not using telemonitoring (SMD= -0.20; 95% CI= -0.39 to -0.01; p= 0.040). A meta-analysis of 6 primary studies on the use of telemonitoring on quality of life showed an increase in quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients by 0.16 times compared to not using telemonitoring (SMD= -0.16; 95% CI= -0.29 to -0.03; p= 0.020).Conclusion: Telemonitoring can improve blood sugar levels and the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes.Keywords: telemonitoring, type 2 diabetes mellitus, quality of life, meta-analysisCorrespondence: Anisa Asri Sholihah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: anisaasri92@gmail.com. Mobile: 085740972908.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(03): 246-257https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.03.02

The Effect of High Knowledge on Diabetes Type 2 and Strong Belief in Medicine with Non-Adherence of Anti Diabetic Medication: A Meta-Analysis Iswahyuni, Sri; Herbasuki, Herbasuki; Sunaryanti, Sri Sayekti Heni; Atmojo, Joko Tri; Rejo, Rejo; Widiyanto, Aris
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: By 2045, the number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) was expected to increase from 424.9 million in 2017. Healthcare professionals have had a difficult time managing diabetes because of nonadherence to therapy. Additionally, the efforts made to clarify and enhance patient adherence to their medication are not always successful. This study investigated the factors such as high knowledge on diabetes type 2 and strong belief in medicine that lead to medication non-adherence in adults.Subjects and Method: This article was a systematic review and meta-analysis study conducted by searching for articles from online databases such as EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed. Populations: adults with diabetes mellitus; Intervention: a strong belief in anti-diabetic medication and high knowledge of diabetes mellitus; Comparison: a weak belief or none in anti-diabetic medication and little knowledge of diabetes mellitus; Outcome: non-adherence of anti-diabetic medication. The independen variables is strong belief and high knowledge, the dependen variable is non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication. The inclusion criteria for this study were full articles using a cross-sectional study, with the publication year until 2022. We conduct the analysis using RevMan 5.3 software.Results: A total of 6 articles reviewed in the meta-analysis (consisted 4 articles in each variables), from countries: Ethiopia, Australia, Uganda, Iran, Palestine and China, showed that respondents with strong belief in anti-diabetic medicines (aOR= 0.66; 95% CI= 0.48 to 0.90; p= 0.008) and high knowledge of diabetes mellitus (aOR= 0.85; 95% CI= 0.79 to 0.93; p= 0.0005) had lower level of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication.Conclusion: A strong belief in anti-diabetic medicines and high knowledge of diabetes mellitus can lower non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication.Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 2, medication adherence, predictorsCorrespondence: Sri Iswahyuni. Study Program of Nursing, School of Health Sciences Mamba’ul ‘Ulum Surakarta. Jl. Ring Road 03, Surakarta 57127, Jawa Tengah. Email: iswahyunisri@yahoo.co.id. Mobile: +62 815-6720-715.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(02): 150-160https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.02.04

Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Quality of Life in the Elderly Qomariyah, Qomariyah; Rahman, Farid
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: The aging process occurs so fast, therefore the quality of life of the elderly needs to be very concerned. Cardiorespiratory fitness is one of the predictor factors to improve the quality of life in the elderly. The study aims to find out whether there is a relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and the quality of life of the elderly.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Dukuh Pepe, Kwarasan, Juwiring, Klaten, Central Java. A sample of 31 elderly (aged 50-70 years) was selected using the purposive sampling method. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variable was cardiorespiratory fitness. Quality of life was measured by Ina's whoqol-breff questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a six-minute walking test. The data were analyzed with the spearman correlation test and the simple linear regression test.Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness improved the quality of life in the elderly in the physical health domain (OR= 44.55; 95% CI= 20.49 to 68.62), psychological domain (OR= 51. 14; 95% CI= 26.10 to 76.19), personal relationship domain, (OR= 76.94; 95% CI= 52.57 to 101.30), environmental domain (OR= 78.92; 95% CI= 49.51 to 108.33) although it was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: There was no relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas in the aspects of the physical health domain, the psychological domain, the personal relationship domain, and the environmental domain.Keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, elderly, six-minute walking test, whoqol-breff.Correspondence: Farid Rahman. Physiotherapy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jl. Ahmad Yani, Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta, Central Java 57162, Indonesia. Email: Fr280@ums.ac.id. Mobile: 085223333141.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 371-378https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.02

Meta Analysis the Effect of Cadmium Exposure on Chronic Renal Filure in Adults Zahra, Fathia Mutiara; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Heavy metals, such as cadmium, are heavy metals that are hazardous to health. Chronic exposure to cadmium is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased risk of chronic renal failure. This study was conducted to determine how much influence cadmium exposure has on the incidence of chronic kidney failure in adults. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of cadmium exposure on the incidence of chronic kidney failure in adults.Subject and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA flowchart with PICO as follows, Population: Adults. Intervention: Exposure to Cadmium. Comparison: No Cadmium Exposure. Outcome: Chronic Renal Failure. Search articles using several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct with the search keywords “adults” AND “cadmium exposure” AND “chronic kidney failure”. The articles submitted ranged from 2013 to 2021. Analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 as a statistical program.Results: There are 11 articles, originating from the continents of Asia and Europe. The results of the meta-analysis showed that exposure to cadmium increased the risk of developing chronic renal failure in adults by 2.81 times compared with adults who were not exposed to cadmium and was statistically significant (aOR = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.74 to 4.51; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Cadmium exposure may increase the risk of chronic kidney failure in adults.Keywords: cadmium, chronic renal failure, adultsCorrespondence: Fathia Mutiara Zahra. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: efemzahra31@student.uns.ac.id. Mobile: +62 815-6798-7661.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 61-72https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.07

Bilateral Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation in Female Patient Based on Computed Tomography Imaging: A Rare Case Report Sutrisno, Sony
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) is an extremely rare vascular anomaly due to a direct connection between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein, potentially causing irreversible damages to the systemic circulation. This condition requires a prompt diagnostic approach to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.Case Report: A 53-year-old Indonesian female was referred to our department with unexplained dyspnoea and cyanosis. Physical examination revealed low oxygen saturation and remarkable finding on pulmonary auscultation. Further investigation revealed the findings suggesting PAVM based on contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) scan, with multiple nidus on bilateral lungs with feeder arteries from the pulmonary artery and draining veins in the pulmonary vein. Hence, this case emphasizes the rare finding of a female PAVMs patient with bilateral PAVMs.Conclusion: CT scan is a reliable and effective imaging approach to establish the diagnosis of PAVMs. This modality should be first considered to visualize PAVMs lesions, particularly in adult patients with unexplained dyspnoea and cyanosis.Keywords: arteriovenous malformations, CT scan, rare case, embolizationCorrespondence: Sony Sutrisno. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia. Email: sonysutrisnodr@gmail.com. Mobile: +62-8128-9290-414. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(04): 393-398https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.04.05

Correlation of Brixia Score Changes with Length of Stay in Patient with COVID-19 Sutedjo, Verawati; Soewondo, Widiastuti; Erawati, Dini Rachma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 7 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: The increase in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia as well as the hospital length of stay is unpredictable. The degree of lung damage in Covid-19 largely determines the severity of the disease, a serial chest X-ray using Brixia score can be used to assess changes in pulmonary parenchymal damage and could predict the length of hospitalization. This study aims to analyze the correlation of Brixia score with the length of hospitalization in Covid-19 patients.Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sumber Waras Hospital from November 2021 until January 2022. The samples are Covid-19 confirmed patients who were treated at Sumber Waras hospital. Independent variable is Brixia score and dependent variable is length of hospitalization. Brixia's score assessment from two serial chest X-rays was divided into 4 categories: low to low, low to high, high to low, and high to high. All the categories were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis method then continued with Mann-Whitney U test. The multivariate variable was analyzed using linear regression.Results: There are 190 samples, the median score of Brixia at the beginning of treatment is 4 (range 0-18), and the median score of Brixia on serial examination is 6 (range 0-18). Patients in low to low category had median 10 days length of hospitalization, low to high category and high to low category had median 11 days, and high to high category had median 8 days. There was no statistically significant correlation between Brixia score and length of hospitalization (p= 0.377).Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the median Brixia score changes with the length of hospitalization of covid-19 patients.Keywords: Covid-19, hospitalized, Brixia score changes, length of stayCorrespondence: Widiastuti Soewondo. Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Mobile: +6282134368592. Email: widiastuti.sprad56@staff.uns.ac.id.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(03): 262-268https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.03.02

Effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn for Obesity Treatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Anggraini, Suci; Kartinah, Neng Tine
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (H. sabdariffa), commonly known as Rosella plants in Indonesia, has had various uses in the food and beverage industry and traditional medicines for hundreds of years. The main compounds of H. sabdariffa have been stated to have anti-obesity effects through its biologically active compounds. This review systematically evaluates the evidence from human randomized clinical trials on the effects of H. sabdariffa extract in obesity, including decreased bodyweight, normalizing the blood lipid profile, and modulating appetite-related biomarkers.Subjects and Method: This review is based on the patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) procedure, with the patient is people with obesity, the intervention is the administration of H. sabdariffa extract compared to control that given placebo, and the outcomes are reduced body weight and fat accumulation, normalize blood lipid profiles, and regulate biomarkers related to appetite. Articles used are limited to the publication year between 2013 and 2021. Search is done through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the keywords “hibiscus sabdariffa and obesity”, “hibiscus sabdariffa and lipogenesis”, “hibiscus sabdariffa and energy metabolism”, and “hibiscus sabdariffa and appetite”.Results: The search resulted in 10 studies involving 453 subjects. We proved several significant effects of H. sabdariffa extract on obese subjects. Administration of H. sabdariffa extract for several doses and several days can improve anthropometry measurement, fat accumulation, increased satiety sensation, while the appetite sensation mainly for fatty, sweet, and salty foods was decreased.Conclusion: This review suggests that the benefit of H. sabdariffa to people with obesity are associated with body weight and blood lipid profile-lowering effect; however, more high-quality clinical trials are needed.Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa, obesity, appetiteCorrespondence: Suci Anggraini, Masters Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. Jl. Salemba Raya 4, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta 10430. Email: suci.angraini@ui.ac.id . Mobile: 081363397973.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(04): 439-451https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.04.10

“TRISNA” Conceptual Model and Spiritual Approach to Build Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Quality of Life in Cervical Cancer Patients at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia Adriani, Rita Benya; Handayani, Siti; Prabowo, Tri
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: The problems of cervical cancer patient’s psychological response to advanced cancer are acute crisis, struggle, anxiety, and sadness, which will interfere with their life, especially sexual relations with their partners. Sexual relations in the Javanese view are a noble, sacred bond and have the function to maintain harmony. The spiritual approach and "TRISNA" which contains the principles of Javanese teachings about sincerity should be applied by cervical cancer patients and their sexual partners. This study aimed to determine the effect of palliative sexuality treatment with a "TRISNA" and spiritual approach to body image, self-esteem, and quality of life in cervical cancer patients at Moewardi Hospital Surakarta.Subjects and Method: This study was a quasi-experimental design using 138 samples divided into three groups, namely the TRISNA, Spiritual, and control groups with a pre-test-post-test control group design conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Central Java, in May to August 2019. The dependent variable in this study is the body image scale, self-esteem, and quality of life. The independent variables in this study are the TRISNA and spiritual approaches. The instruments used are the body image scale, self-esteem scale, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOQ-CX24. Statistical analysis using t-test with SPSS 13 application software.Results: The results showed that sexuality with the TRISNA and spiritual approaches can improve body image (F= 137.67), self-esteem (F= 241.05), and quality of life (F= 76.95) of cervical cancer patients with a significant value for each group (p≤0.001).Conclusion: Sexuality with TRISNA's approach is the most influential in body image, self-esteem, and quality of life in cervical cancer patients in cervical patients Moewardi Hospital Surakarta.Keywords: body image scale, self-esteem, quality of life, sexuality, spiritualCorrespondence: Rita Benya Adriani, Ministry of Health of Surakarta, Health Polytechnics Surakarta, Letjend Sutoyo Street, Mojosongo, Surakarta 57127, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: benyaadriani@gmail.com. Mobile +628122617033.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(01): 37-46https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.01.04

The Agreement of Immunoglobulin Gamma Release Assay (IGRA)/ T-SPOT Tuberculosis and Tuberculin Skin Test to Detect Latent TB Infection in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Reviono, Reviono; Sutanto, Yusup Subagio; Harsini, Harsini; Saptawati, Leli; Marwoto, Marwoto; Suryawati, Betty; Redhono, Dhani; Sebayang, Pribadi M
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: WHO identifies diabetes mellitus (DM) as a neglected risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Currently, there is no gold standard test for latent TB infection (LTBI). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends using Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Immunoglobulin Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) to diagnose LTBI. TST is an LTBI classic diagnostic tool that has low sensitivity and specificity. But it is still preferred in diagnosing LTBI due to its lower price, and more health facilities can perform the examination compared to IGRA (T-SPOT.TB). The study aimed to measure the agreement of TST and T-SPOT.TB testing in detecting LBTI in DM and the correlation of HbA1c with TST and T-SPOT.TB.Subjects and Method: Subjects were DM patients who underwent TST and T-SPOT.TB testing. If the results of TST and T-SPOT.TB was positive, the test would be continued with Xpert MTB/RIF microbiological testing. TST used PPD RT23 2TU. T-SPOT.TB was performed toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The degree of agreement between TST and T-SPOT.TB testing was calculated using the Test of Agreement (Kappa Cohen). The degree of correlation between the two variables was calculated by using Pearson correlation.Results: The selected 30 study subjects with DM undergoing antidiabetic therapy showed 6 (20%) detected LTBI and 24 (80%) without LTBI using TST and T-SPOT.TB test. There was a substantial agreement level between TST and T-SPOT.TB testing in detecting LTBI among diabetes mellitus patients undergoing anti-diabetic therapy with kappa value= 0.62 (p<0.001). HbA1c increased T-SPOT (r= 0.07; p= 0.716) and TST (r= 0.11; p= 0.956).Conclusion: TST testing may substitute T-SPOT.TB to detect LTBI among diabetes patients undergoing antidiabetic therapy.Keywords: latent tuberculosis infection, diabetes mellitus, TST, Immunoglobulin Gamma Release Assay (IGRA), T-SPOT.TBCorrespondence: Reviono. Department of Pulmonology and Medical Respiratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret/ Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: reviono@staff.uns.ac.id.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(03): 298-306https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.03.07

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