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SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS)

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Published by Universitas Negeri Padang

ISSN : 23382392 EISSN : 26203308 DOI : -

Core Subject : Education,

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SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar (PLS) memuat artikel-artikel hasil penelitian dan atau kajian analitis-kritis di bidang pendidikan luar sekolah secara khusus pada pembangunan pendidikan orang dewasa, pendidikan masyarakat, pelatihan dan pengembangan sumber manusia, penyuluhan, dan pengembangan masyarakat. Spesifikasi kajian ditujukan untuk pengalaman, pengembangan, dan menjelaskan tentang sejarah, filosofi, prinsip-prinsip, kebijakan, desain, dan teknologi yang digunakan dan dikembangkan dalam layanan pendidikan di luar sistem persekolahan.

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Articles 642 Documents

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Training Program for Injection Motorcycle Service in Improving Trainees' Hardskills at the Jember Job Training Center Syachriar, Agiel; Purnamawati, Frimha; Sintiawati, Nani; Kuriawan, Didik
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 1 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing Februari 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i1.132896

The training program is an activity that serves to enhance the hard skills of participants, including those who are physically fit and those with disabilities. The improvement in hard skills among training participants is intended as preparation for entering the workforce. The hard skill enhancement provided to participants with disabilities in this training program focuses on servicing fuel-injected motorcycles, including managing tools, replacing drive chains, assembling and disassembling body covers, and maintaining electrical instruments (signals and lighting). Many participants with disabilities aspire to open their own workshops after participating in this fuel-injected motorcycle servicing training. This has led the researcher to investigate further the relationship between the fuel-injected motorcycle servicing training program and the improvement of hard skills among participants in the automotive department at the Jember Vocational Training Center, specifically in the two-wheeled automotive field. This study is correlational research with a quantitative approach, using a purposive area selection at the Jember Vocational Training Center. Data collection methods included questionnaires and documentation, with a total population sampling technique resulting in 15 respondents. Data were analyzed using rank-order correlation techniques. The results of this study, calculated using SPSS v25, show that the calculated correlation coefficient is greater than the table value, indicating a strong relationship between the fuel-injected motorcycle servicing training program and the improvement of hard skills in the two-wheeled automotive field. The conclusion of this study is that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, and the null hypothesis is rejected, as the correlation test between the two variables indicates a relationship. The researcher suggests that future studies should further explore relationships beyond the two-wheeled automotive field to enhance the connections that can be gained in two-wheeled automotive training.Keywords: Training program, hard skill improvement, people with disabilities.

Family Economic Strategies through Digital Marketing: A Qualitative Study of Home-Based Businesses Az Zahra, Puti; Purnomo, Purnomo; Saepudin, Asep; Shantini, Yanti; Rosmia, Ade Romi
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135286

This study examines family economic strategies through digital marketing implementation in home-based businesses within community-based empowerment frameworks. Using a qualitative case study approach in Ibun District, Bandung Regency, West Java, this research involved 11 home-based business operators from the Local Hero women's community, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection employed triangulated methods including in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation analysis of digital marketing activities. Findings reveal that home-based businesses have evolved from supplementary income sources to primary economic pillars for family sustainability. Digital marketing strategies demonstrate sophisticated adaptation utilizing integrated platforms (WhatsApp Business, Facebook, and Shopee) with systematic approaches including visual content optimization, strategic promotional timing, and sustained customer engagement of 2-4 interactions weekly. Family involvement transcends labor distribution, creating collaborative entrepreneurial ecosystems that reinforce social cohesion and intergenerational knowledge transfer. The Local Hero community functions as a critical enabler, providing structured learning frameworks, peer experience sharing, and digital marketing networks that strengthen family economic positioning. This research contributes to theoretical understanding of community-mediated digital transformation in family economies and offers practical frameworks for scaling technology-based economic empowerment initiatives in similar socio-economic contexts. Keywords: Digital Economy, Community Empowerment, Home-Based Enterprises, Family Economic Strategy, Digital Marketing

Development of Instagram Media Message Design for Promotion and Sales of Cocopeat and Cocofiber MSMEs Askia, Fazhira; Novrianti, Novrianti; Zen, Zelhendri; Pratiwi, Rahmi
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135157

The development of Instagram message design media is motivated by promotional challenges faced by MSME actors, namely the absence of appropriate and attractive promotional media on digital platforms. Until now, the MSMEs have not utilized digital promotional media. This condition has led to low effectiveness in communication and marketing of Cocopeat and Cocofiber products. To address this issue, an Instagram message design was developed to be visual, informative, and persuasive. This study aims to develop an Instagram message design that is valid and practical to be used as an attractive promotional medium.This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Four-D (4D) development model, which includes the stages of: (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Develop, and (4) Disseminate. Data collection instruments used in this study included validation sheets and customer response questionnaires. Product validity was tested by two media experts. The practicality test was aimed at customers of the Cocopeat and Cocofiber MSMEs.The development of the Instagram message design was carried out through the stages of the Four-D development procedure. This process resulted in a promotional media product in the form of Instagram visual message designs that are informative, attractive, and aligned with the characteristics of MSMEs. The product underwent validation by Curriculum and Educational Technology lecturers. The validation results from Media Expert I were categorized as “Very Valid” with an average score of 4.60, and Media Expert II also categorized the product as “Very Valid” with an average score of 4.80. Message Design Expert I assessed it as “Very Valid” with an average of 4.70, and Message Design Expert II gave a score of 4.80. The practicality test results showed an average score of 4.55, categorized as “Very Practical.” Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Instagram message design using the Linktree application for the Cocopeat and Cocofiber MSMEs is considered very valid and very practical.Keywords: Development, Message Design, 4D

The Relationship Between Office Administration Training Participant Satisfaction and Interest in Working at the Padang Pariaman Vocational Training Center Adella, Nadia; Rozi, Muhamad Fahrur
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135642

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya minat bekerja peserta pelatihan administrasi perkantoran di BLK Padang Pariaman. Hal ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh kepuasan peserta pelatihan administrasi perkantoran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (1) gambaran kepuasan peserta pelatihan administrasi perkantoran di BLK Padang Pariaman (2) gambaran minat bekerja peserta pelatihan administrasi perkantoran di BLK Padang Pariaman, serta (3) hubungan antara kepuasan peserta pelatihan administrasi perkantoran dengan minat bekerja di BLK Padang Pariaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis korelasional, bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dua variabel. Populasi pada penelitian ini berjumlah 32 orang. Sampel penelitian diambil menggunakan metode simple random sampling sebanyak 24 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa angket yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, Serta teknik analisis data dilakukan menggunakan rumus persentase dan uji korelasi Spearman Rho.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) tingkat kepuasan peserta pelatihan administrasi perkantoran di BLK Padang Pariaman dikategorikan rendah, (2) Minat bekerja peserta pelatihan administrasi perkantoran di BLK Padang Pariaman juga dikategorikan rendah, dan (3) Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kepuasan peserta pelatihan administrasi perkantoran dengan minat bekerja di BLK Padang Pariaman. Saran pada penelitian ini adalah diharapkan pelatihan yang diselenggarakan oleh lembaga lebih ditingkatkan lagi dalam memenuhi kepuasan peserta pelatihan, karena salah satu kunci tumbuhnya minat bekerja peserta ialah kepuasan peserta selama mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan.

The Relationship Between Peer Interaction and Early Childhood Social Behavior in Jorong Kuranji Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota Erawati, Silfia; Ismaniar, Ismaniar
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135637

The background of this study is based on the low social behavior of early childhood children found in Jorong Kuranji, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The low social behavior of early childhood children is thought to be related to the lack of interaction between children and their peers. This study aims to: 1) describe the social interaction with peers of early childhood children in Jorong Kuranji, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, 2) describe the social behavior of early childhood children in Jorong Kuranji, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, 3) see the relationship between peer interaction and social behavior of early childhood children in Jorong Kuranji, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. This study uses a correlational approach with a correlational type. The population in this study consisted of 63 mothers who have children aged 4-5 years with a total sample of 44. The sample in this study used a simple random sampling technique. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire, while data analysis used percentage calculations and product moment methods to measure the relationship between variables. The results of the study show that: 1) Social interaction with peers of early childhood children in Jorong Kuranji, Lima Puluh Kota Regency is still low; 2) the social behavior of early childhood aged 4-5 years in Jorong Kuranji, Lima Puluh Kota Regency is still low; and 3) there is a significant relationship between peer interaction and the social behavior of early childhood aged 4-5 years in Jorong Kuranji, Lima Puluh Kota Regency.

Development of Vocabulary Cards as Learning Media to Improve the English Vocabulary of Fourth Grade Elementary School Students Andriani, Cesilia; Novrianti, Novrianti; Pertiwi, rahmi; Masnur, Alkadri
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135176

The purpose of this research was to develop vocabulary card learning media to improve the English vocabulary mastery of fourth-grade elementary school students. This study was motivated by the limited availability of engaging visual learning media in elementary schools, accompanied by students’ low English vocabulary mastery. This development aimed to describe and present an overview of vocabulary card learning media as an alternative instructional tool, as well as to determine the validity and practicality levels of the developed product.This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model, which consists of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The development stage served as the benchmark for the success of the media, as it involved expert assessments through validity tests and product trials for practicality testing. The validity tests consisted of two phases: the media and linguistic validity tests conducted by media and language experts, and the content validity test conducted by the fourth-grade homeroom teacher of SD IT Baitul Hamdi. After the validity tests, a practicality test was conducted with the fourth-grade students of SD IT Baitul Hamdi.The vocabulary card learning media, covering the topics It’s Seven O’Clock, Daily Activities, and This Is My Bicycle, obtained a “very valid” rating in the first media and linguistic validity test with an average score of 4.57 from two validators and was declared feasible with revisions. In the second validity test, the media achieved an overall “very valid” score of 4.97 and was deemed suitable for field testing without revisions. The content validity test achieved a “very valid” result with an average score of 4.89, while the practicality test yielded a “very practical” result with an overall average of 4.55. Based on the validity and practicality results, it can be concluded that the vocabulary card learning media is ready to be implemented and is practical for use in the teaching and learning process. The disseminate stage was carried out by distributing the product to the Teacher Working Group (KKG) of Cluster 6, which consists of representatives from nine elementary schools in the research area through a representative teacher from SD IT Baitul Hamdi, with the handover proven by an official handover letter.

The Relationship Between Tutor Interpersonal Communication and Learning Outcomes in Mathematics Package C at the Sepakat Bersama Community Learning Center (PKBM) in Padang Tamara, Adila; 'Aini, Wirdatul
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135641

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of mathematics subjects of package C learners atPKBM Sepakat Bersama, Padang City. The objectives of this study are to describe: (1) tutor interpersonalcommunication, (2) mathematics learning outcomes, and (3) the relationship between tutor interpersonalcommunication and learning outcomes of package C mathematics subjects at PKBM Sepakat Bersama, PadangCity. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlational type. The population in this study werelearners who took package C equivalency education at PKBM Sepakat Bersama, Padang City, totaling 45people. Meanwhile, the research sample was taken using a stratified random sampling technique so that thenumber of samples obtained for this study was 70% of the total population, namely 33 people. Questionnairesthat had passed validity and reliability tests were used to collect data, then analyzed using percentage analysisand Product Moment correlation techniques. The research findings show that (1) Tutor interpersonalcommunication is considered less good, (2) The learning outcomes of package C learners in mathematics arelow, and (3) There is a significant relationship between tutor interpersonal communication and learningoutcomes of package C mathematics subjects at PKBM Sepakat Bersama, Padang City.Keywords: Tutor Interpersonal Communication, Learning Outcomes, Community Service Program (PKBM)

The Relationship Between Family Support and Social Concern of Adolescents in Jorong Pondok, Sasak Ranah Pasisie sub-district, West Pasaman Regency Wahyuni, Nira; Natsir, MHD
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135633

This study originates from the phenomenon of low levels of social concern among adolescents in Jorong Pondok, Sasak Ranah Pasisie District, West Pasaman Regency. The lack of social concern is presumed to be influenced by family support. The purpose of this research is to identify whether there is a correlation between family support and adolescents’ social concern in the area. The study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population consisted of all adolescents aged 12–20 years residing in Jorong Pondok, totaling 102 individuals. The sample was determined using stratified random sampling, comprising 50% of the population, namely 51 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using percentages and the product-moment correlation test. The findings revealed that: (1) the level of family support received by adolescents in Jorong Pondok was relatively low; (2) the level of social concern among adolescents in the area was also low; and (3) there was a significant relationship between family support and adolescents’ social concern in Jorong Pondok, Sasak Ranah Pasisie District, West Pasaman Regency.

The Relationship Between Family Interaction and the Social-Emotional Development of 4-5 Year Old Children in Jorong Rajo Dani, Tanah Datar Regency Khairiyah, Annisa; Setiawati, Setiawati
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135653

This research is motivated by the low socio-emotional development in children aged 4-5 years. The family plays a crucial role in this process, especially through interactions between children and parents. The purpose of this study is to analyze interactions within the family and to analyze the socio-emotional development of children aged 4-5 years in Jorong Rajo Dani, Tanah Datar Regency. In addition, to identify the relationship between interactions within the family and the socio- emotional development of children aged 4-5 years in Jorong Rajo Dani, Tanah Datar Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population that became the object of the study was 40 people. The sample was taken through a simple random sampling technique, resulting in 30 samples. The instrument used was a questionnaire, and data analysis used the product moment correlation formula and percentage formula. The findings of this study indicate a significant relationship between interactions within the family and the socio-emotional development of children aged 4-5 years in Jorong Rajo Dani, Tanah Datar Regency.

The Relationship Between Parental Care and Social Skills of 5-6 Year Old Children in Nagari Batu Kalang Utara Padang Pariaman Fatimah, Fatimah; Sunarti, Vevi
SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) Vol 13, No 3 (2025): SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS): Publishing August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/spektrumpls.v13i3.135640

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan sosial anak usia 5-6 tahun di Nagari Batu Kalang Utara, Padang Pariaman. Kondisi ini diduga akibat pola asuh yang diberikan orang tua kepada anak masih belum optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran pola asuh orang tua; (2) untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran keterampilan sosial anak usia 5–6 tahun; dan (3) untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan keterampilan sosial anak usia 5–6 tahun di Nagari Batu Kalang Utara, Padang Pariaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian korelasional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 38 orang tua yang memiliki anak usia 5–6 tahun, dan sampel penelitian sebanyak 28 orang tua. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode area random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang berbentuk survei. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus persentase dan korelasi rank order. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pola asuh orang tua di Nagari Batu Kalang Utara masih dinilai kurang efektif; (2) keterampilan sosial anak usia 5–6 tahun di Nagari Batu Kalang Utara dikategorikan kurang berkembang; dan (3) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh dan keterampilan sosial anak usia 5–6 tahun di Nagari Batu Kalang Utara. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) orang tua sebaiknya mengoptimalkan pola asuh terhadap anak-anaknya; dan (2) penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi bagi peneliti lain, serta untuk mengeksplorasi fenomena tambahan terkait keterampilan sosial anak dengan menggunakan variabel yang berbeda. Keywords: Parenting, Social Skills, Early Childhood

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Alim Harun Pamungkas

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