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Unit Redaksi IJPE, Gedung FOK, Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Olahraga dan Kesehatan Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Jln. Jenderal Sudirman No. 06, Kota Tengah, Kota Gorontalo, 96128, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Surat Elektronik : redaksiijpe@ung.ac.id Telf/Fax : 0435-821698 / 0435-821698 Phone (Whatshaap) : +6281547458537
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27753670     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.37311/ijpe
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology
ndonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (IJPE) adalah junal resmi yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo yang bekerja sama dengan IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia) Provinsi Gorontalo. Artikel pada jurnal ini dapat diakses dan unduh secara online oleh publik (open access journal). Jurnal ini adalah jurnal peer-review nasional, yang terbit tiga kali dalam setahun tentang topik-topik keunggulan hasil penelitian di bidang pelayanan dan praktek kefarmasian, pengobatan masyarakat, teknologi kefarmasian serta disiplin ilmu kesehatan yang terkait erat. Jurnal ini menerima naskah berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris. Berikut merupakan area-area yang difokuskan oleh jurnal ini Farmasi Klinis Farmasi Komunitas Farmasetika Kimia Farmasi Farmakognosi Fitokimia Naskah yang terpilih untuk dipublikasikan di Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education akan dikirim ke reviewer yang pakar dibidangnya, yang tidak berafiliasi dengan lembaga yang sama dengan penulis dan dipilih berdasarkan pertimbangan tim editor. Naskah yang diterima untuk publikasi adalah salinan yang diedit untuk tata bahasa, tanda baca, gaya cetak, dan format. Seluruh proses pengajuan naskah hingga keputusan akhir untuk penerbitan dilakukan secara online.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 142 Documents
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Clay Mask Formulation with Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract and Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus Dewi, Nila Audri Risdiana; Rahmawati, Ismi; Purnamasari, Nur Aini Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 1 (2025): January–April 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i1.26870

Abstract

Moringa leaves contain tannins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and steroids as antibacterials. One of the causes of acne is Staphylococcus aureus infection. Cosmetic clay mask that can be used for acne skin care. Variations in kaolin concentration can affect the drying time of clay mask preparations. This research aims to determine the clay mask formula for Moringa leaf extract with a variety of kaolin which has physical quality, good stability and antibacterial activity against S. aureus. This research uses 10% Moringa leaf active ingredient which is extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol. The clay mask formula consists of kaolin, bentonite, glycerin, DMDM hydantoin, xanthan gum, rose oil and distilled water. The clay mask formula made has varying kaolin concentrations of 30% (F1), 35% (F2) and 40% (F3). The results of formulations F1, F2, and F3 were tested for physical quality and stability and tested for antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923. The statistical test for the activity of clay masks F1, F2, and F3 was not significantly different (Sig0.05), but F2 had the highest inhibitory power.  The statistical results of the stability of F1, F2, and F3 are not significantly different (Sig0.05). The results of research on Moringa leaf extract clay masks with variations in kaolin concentration. F1 did not meet the adhesion and viscosity test requirements, while F2 and F3 have physical quality and stability tests that meet the requirements. Moringa leaf extract clay mask has strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus in all three formulas. F1, F2 and F3 with a diameter resistance of 17.44 respectively; 18.56 and 17.67 mm. F2 is the best Moringa leaf extract clay mask formula based on physical quality, stability and antibacterial activity against S. aureus.
The Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Sleep Quality in Patients At Tengku Rafi'an Siak Hospital Amelia, Ami; Wanita, Deinike; Faisal, Faisal; Ristiani, Neni; Aulia, Risca; Sagita, Efan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 1 (2025): January–April 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i1.30114

Abstract

Sleep quality is a risk factor for hypertension. Chronic short sleep can cause hypertension due to an increase in the sympathetic nervous system and increased salt retention. This factors lead to structural adaptations in the cardiovascular system, causing high blood pressure. Blood pressure plays a critical role ini maintaining circulatiory system within the bloodstream. Blood pressure changes will have an impact on the body's homeostasis. Blood pressure is always needed to stimulate blood flow in the venous system, capillaries, arterioles, and arterie, thereby forming a continuous blood flow. Poor sleep patterns will result in poor blood pressure, which can lead to hypertension. Known as the silent killer, hypertension continues to be a global health concern. To analyze the relationship between blood pressure and sleep quality in Kabupaten Siak hypertensive patients. This research is analytical and observational, using a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was 774 polyclinic patients from January to November 2023 at the Tengku Rafi'an Regional General Hospital, Siak Regency. Meanwhile, the sample was 265 people taken using the Accidental Sampling technique. Data was taken using a questionnaire and then analyzed univariately and bivariately. The results p-value 0.018 0.05, so Ha is accepted, and H0 is rejected, which means there is a relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Meanwhile, the r value shows a result of 0.145, which means that the better the sleep quality of hypertensive patients, the more blood pressure will return to normal. There is a relationship between blood pressure and sleep quality in Kabupaten Siak hypertensive patients. The more restful sleep you get, the faster your blood pressure will return to normal.
In Silico Analysis of the Interaction Between Stevia Compounds and the MGAM Receptor as Potential Antidiabetic Agents Januarto, Januarto
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 2 (2025): May–August 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i2.31057

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by hyperglycaemia. Current treatments include pharmacological therapy, lifestyle modifications, and patient education. This study aimed to analyse the interaction of stevioside, a major compound from Stevia rebaudiana, with the MGAM receptor using Molegro Virtual Docker, compare its binding affinity and interaction pattern with those of acarbose and metformin, and identify its potential as an MGAM inhibitor. The methodology included protein and ligand preparation, physicochemical and toxicity prediction, and molecular docking simulations. Method validation was performed through redocking of the native ligand (acarbose), yielding a Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of 1.75 Å, indicating high accuracy of the docking protocol. Docking results showed that the control ligand GLC-GLC-AC1(B) had the strongest binding affinity to MGAM (MolDock Score: –97.922), followed by metformin (MolDock Score: 89.506), while stevioside exhibited the weakest interaction (MolDock Score: 336.153). Despite some overlapping interactions with metformin, stevioside demonstrated a distinct binding mode and lower affinity, suggesting an alternative mechanism of action. Further experimental validation is necessary to confirm these computational findings and to explore the potential of stevioside as an antidiabetic agent.
Effectiveness of Anticoagulants in Reducing D-Dimer Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study Winduhani Astuti, Lelly; Fajriah, Shofiatul; Rilawati, Fentyana; Istiqomah, Nurul
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 1 (2025): January–April 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i1.30233

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 infection is often associated with blood clotting disorders, both at the microvascular and macrovascular levels due to hypercoagulability. Changes in blood clotting status are indicated by high levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three anticoagulant therapies in reducing D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients. The research employed an observational analytical method with a retrospective cross-sectional study design. The results showed significant differences in D-dimer reduction among the treatment groups. The mean reductions in D-dimer levels for patients receiving anticoagulant therapy with heparin, enoxaparin, and fondaparinux were 1.397 µg/L, 2.607 µg/L, and 2.855 µg/L, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference among the groups (P 0.05). It can be concluded that fondaparinux demonstrated a greater reduction in D-dimer levels compared to heparin and enoxaparin.
Formulation and Evaluation of Red Rice Bran (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) Sleeping Mask with HPMC Variation Sole, Teresa Ayustin Getrisya; Rejeki, Endang Sri; Purnamasari, Nur Aini Dewi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 2 (2025): May–August 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i2.30886

Abstract

Red rice bran (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is rich in natural antioxidants, including flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanins, which offer potential benefits for topical skin care. This study aimed to formulate a sleeping mask containing red rice bran extract using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent and to evaluate its physical characteristics and antioxidant activity. Three formulations were prepared with HPMC concentrations of 5%, 7%, and 9%, in addition to positive and negative controls. The extract was obtained by maceration using 40% acetone. Each formulation was evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity, and stability, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the ABTS assay. Results showed that the 5% HPMC formula demonstrated optimal physical qualities (pH 6.02 ± 0.03, viscosity 25,253 ± 122.20 cP, spreadability 4.59 ± 0.12 cm, adhesiveness 2.89 ± 0.28 s), remained stable during storage, and exhibited 32% antioxidant inhibition at 60 ppm. This suggests that the red rice bran sleeping mask with 5% HPMC is a promising formulation for further development as a natural antioxidant-based skincare product.
Antibacterial Efficacy of AgNO₃ Combined with Cymbopogon citratus Extract and Chitosan Nanocomposite Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azrianty, Annisa; Komariah, Komariah; Ranggaini, Monica Dewi; Anggraeni, Rezky; Halim, Johni; Nugroho, Didi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 2 (2025): May–August 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i2.30641

Abstract

Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa present significant challenges in clinical practice, particularly due to rising resistance to conventional antibiotics. The development of environmentally friendly, nanotechnology-based antibacterial agents is considered a promising alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a nanocomposite comprising silver nitrate (AgNO₃), Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract, and chitosan against P. aeruginosa. The nanocomposite was synthesized using a green synthesis method, with plant extract serving as a natural reducing agent and chitosan as a nanoparticle stabilizer. Antibacterial activity was assessed via disk diffusion against five concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 15, 25, and 50 mg/mL), and compared to positive (chlorhexidine) and negative (acetic acid) controls. The results showed that the 6.25 mg/mL concentration produced the largest inhibition zone (average 11 mm), although it did not surpass the effectiveness of chlorhexidine. The inhibition zones remained stable for up to 72 hours, indicating sustained antibacterial activity. A decline in efficacy at 50 mg/mL was observed, likely due to nanoparticle aggregation and biological saturation. These findings support the potential of AgNO₃–C. citratus–chitosan nanocomposite as a natural-based alternative antibacterial agent. Further studies are recommended to characterize its physicochemical properties, elucidate its mechanism of action, and evaluate its toxicity and applicability in pharmaceutical and biomedical contexts.
Effect of Carrier Materials in Foam-Mat Drying on the Flow Properties of Kombucha Tea Powder Martihandini, Nooryza; Handayani, Nuri
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 2 (2025): May–August 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i2.29492

Abstract

The high water content in kombucha tea drinks will trigger decomposition through chemical reactions and microbial contamination. The formulation of beverages into powders can reduce the water content in the preparation so as to extend the product's   shelf life. Foam matt drying is one of the techniques to produce powder from kombucha tea. The choice of carrier material in the encapsulation process will affect the physical characteristics of the product. This study aims to formulate and evaluate the flow properties of kombucha powder made through the foam mat drying method with variations of maltodextrin, inulin and gom arabic carrier materials. The powder was formulated with 6 variations of carrier materials namely maltodextrin (F1), inulin (F2),  gom arabic (F3), maltodextrin:inulin (1:1) (F4), maltodextrin-gom arabic (1:1) (F5) and inulin-gom arabic (1:1) (F6). The powders were evaluated for their characteristics including percent compressibility, Hausner ratio, flow velocity, angle of repose and moisture content.  The results showed that F3 powder had the smallest percent compressibility and Hausner's ratio so that it had the best flow properties. The flow properties of all formulas are relatively poor due to the composition of hygroscopic carrier materials. The moisture content of kombucha powder is in the range of 0.85-3.26% with the best formula is F1.
Detection and Quantification of Rhodamine B in Loose Powder and Blush Cosmetic Products Munthe, Herlina; Sartika Daulay, Anny; Ridwanto, Ridwanto; Munandar Nasution, Haris
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 2 (2025): May–August 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i2.30832

Abstract

The use of decorative cosmetics such as loose powder and blush is increasingly widespread, raising concerns regarding the safety of the coloring agents used, particularly Rhodamine B. This study aimed to identify the presence and determine the levels of Rhodamine B in loose powder and blush cosmetic products using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for qualitative analysis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative analysis. The HPLC method applied in this study was validated and showed good linearity, precision, and sensitivity in accordance with ICH guidelines. A total of 16 cosmetic samples were analyzed, and 3 samples were confirmed to contain Rhodamine B. The highest Rhodamine B level was found in sample X at 66.54 µg/g, followed by sample Z at 21.03 µg/g, and sample Y at 0.83 µg/g. These findings indicate that the presence of Rhodamine B in cosmetic products remains a concern. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulatory supervision and increase public awareness to select safe cosmetic products that are officially registered by BPOM.
Challenges and Barriers in Patient Reporting of Adverse Effects from Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs: A Narrative Review Utami, Fella Arifatul Wahyu; Gunawan A Sumule, Joshua; Suryani Pangaribuan, Ika
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 3 (2025): September–December 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i3.30374

Abstract

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are commonly used for self-medication because of their availability and perceived safety. However, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with OTC drugs are frequently underreported, posing significant risks to public health. This narrative review aims to identify the main challenges and barriers that prevent patients from reporting adverse effects of OTC drug use. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and national journals, focusing on publications from 2019 to 2024. The review reveals three major barriers: (1) limited knowledge and misconceptions about OTC drug safety, (2) socio-cultural influences such as stigma and reliance on traditional medicine, and (3) systemic obstacles including complicated reporting procedures and insufficient involvement of healthcare providers. Collectively, these barriers reduce the effectiveness of pharmacovigilance systems. This review underscores the urgent need for patient education, stronger pharmacist engagement, and the integration of digital pharmacovigilance platforms to ensure safe and responsible use of OTC drugs.
Carbon Monoxide as a Toxic Agent in Charcoal Briquette-Related Deaths: A Systematic Literature Review Aliifah, Khansa; Marisa, Hilma; Lestari, Indah; Septiani, Jelita; Putri Kusumawardhani, Khalyssa; Larasati Setyaningrum, Dwi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol 5, No 3 (2025): September–December 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/ijpe.v5i3.32643

Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless toxic gas that poses a substantial health hazard, particularly in enclosed environments. Combustion of charcoal briquettes is a frequently overlooked source of CO exposure, linked to both accidental and intentional fatalities. This review synthesizes current evidence on the toxicological role of CO in charcoal briquette-related deaths and identifies preventive strategies. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed articles published between January 2020 and April 2025. Studies in English or Indonesian reporting fatal CO poisoning cases associated with charcoal briquette combustion were included, provided they contained data on carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels, clinical presentation, and environmental risk factors. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Most fatal cases occurred in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces, with COHb levels exceeding 30%, a threshold strongly associated with mortality. Common clinical manifestations included headache, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, and respiratory distress. Autopsy findings frequently revealed cherry-red discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Both accidental and intentional exposures were reported, with men disproportionately affected. Charcoal briquette combustion in confined environments remains a significant and preventable cause of CO-related mortality. Public awareness campaigns, mandatory installation of CO detectors, and ventilation standards are critical to reducing the incidence of such deaths.

Page 14 of 15 | Total Record : 142

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