Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal)
MORFAI This journal will publish research articles or studies that are multidisciplinary in nature, including: education, law, health, agriculture, engineering, energy, technology, and social science. This journal is dedicated to explore and socialize many creative and innovative thought who focus in: Humanities: Art, History, Languages, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Religion, Theater, etc. Social Science: Geography, Sociology, Education, Political Science, Law, Policy, Social Review, Arts, History, Philosophy, Anthropology Management: Commerce, Economics, Finance, Accounting, Corporate Governance, Human Resources Management, Marketing Management, Quality Management Training and Development Engineering: Information Technology, Computer Application, Civil Engineering, Machanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Physics Medical Science: Medicine, Health, Nursing, Clinical Research, Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry Biology: Botany, Bioscience, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Clinical Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environment and Ecology, Food Science, Nutrition, Plant Science, Entomology, Zoology, Fisheries Physical Education: Sports, Yoga, Physiotherapy, Physiology, Exercise, Health
Articles
1,804 Documents
<![CDATA[LEGAL REVIEW OF ODONTOGRAM MEDICAL RECORDS AS AN IDENTIFICATION TOOL IN LEGAL EVIDENCE IN COURT ]]>
<![CDATA[Erdi Effendi Nasution]]>;
<![CDATA[Marice Simarmata]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Arif Sahlepi]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Odontogram medical records play a role in documenting dental and oral conditions as a basis for establishing a diagnosis, treatment planning, and legal evidence in medical disputes. This study aims to analyze the legal regulations regarding odontogram medical records as part of medical documents according to Indonesian law, the evidentiary power of odontogram medical records as a means of identification in the judicial process, and the legal responsibility of medical personnel for the validity of odontogram medical records in legal evidence in court. This study uses a normative juridical study type. This study is descriptive and analytical using various types of secondary data and is analyzed deductively qualitatively. The study findings indicate that the legal regulations for odontogram medical records in Indonesia are regulated in Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health along with Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 and Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022 concerning Electronic Medical Records emphasizes the aspects of completeness, accuracy, security, and data integration. The evidentiary power of odontogram medical records as an identification tool in the judicial process to provide objective, specific, and verified scientific information regarding a person's identity through the condition of the teeth and oral cavity.]]>
<![CDATA[RESOLUTION OF LAND OWNERSHIP DISPUTES BETWEEN OWNERS OF OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATES AND OWNERS OF COMPENSATION DECLARATIONS (Study Decision Number: 78/Pdt.G/2023/PN Mdn) ]]>
<![CDATA[Doly Amanda NST]]>;
<![CDATA[Henry Aspan]]>;
<![CDATA[Dina Andiza]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Land ownership disputes remain a frequent issue in Indonesia, particularly between owners of Land Ownership Certificates and those who control the land based on compensation letters. These differences in the basis of ownership and evidence of land ownership often give rise to legal conflicts that end up in court. This study aims to review a general overview of agrarian law in Indonesia, analyze the factors causing land ownership disputes between owners of Land Ownership Certificates and owners of compensation letters, and analyze the resolution of these disputes based on Medan District Court Decision Number 78/Pdt.G/2023/PN Mdn. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and case-based approach. Data sources used are primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that land ownership disputes are influenced by disorderly land administration, low public legal awareness, overlapping land ownership, and differences in understanding between customary law and positive law. Medan District Court Decision Number 78/Pdt.G/2023/PN Mdn affirms that a Land Ownership Certificate is a strong and primary piece of evidence as long as it is issued in accordance with legal procedures and there is no evidence of administrative flaws. Therefore, land registration is a crucial instrument for ensuring legal certainty and protection of land rights.]]>
<![CDATA[EVALUATION OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE IN SUPPORTING THE WATERFRONT CITY CONCEPT IN PARAPAT ]]>
<![CDATA[Tony Sirait]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdi Sugiarto]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruri Prihatini Lubis]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study evaluates the readiness of tourism infrastructure in Parapat as a supporting area for the optimization of the Waterfront City concept in the Lake Toba region. Parapat plays a strategic role as the main gateway and tourism transit hub for visitors accessing waterfront development in Samosir Island. A mixed-methods approach was employed, emphasizing descriptive quantitative analysis supported by qualitative SWOT analysis. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to tourists, field observations, and documentation of existing conditions, while secondary data were obtained from official publications and tourism planning documents. The evaluation focused on the availability of supporting facilities and the quality of area services as key indicators of infrastructure readiness. The results indicate that Parapat’s tourism infrastructure is at a moderately adequate level, characterized by the presence of lakeside public spaces, pedestrian paths, and basic supporting facilities. However, several aspects, including area legibility, service consistency, public facility accessibility, and cleanliness management, still require improvement. The SWOT analysis reveals that Parapat has strong potential to function as an effective supporting area for the Waterfront City development, provided that service quality enhancement and integrated area management are strengthened. This study highlights the importance of supporting areas in ensuring sustainable and coherent tourism experiences within priority destinations.]]>
<![CDATA[LEGAL PROTECTION BY HOSPITALS AGAINST VIOLENCE EXPERIENCED BY DOCTORS ]]>
<![CDATA[Sulyaprilawati Battri Siahaan]]>;
<![CDATA[Henry Aspan]]>;
<![CDATA[Marice Simarmata]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[This normative legal study aims to examine legal protection for doctors who are victims of violence in hospitals in Indonesia. Using a normative legal approach based on an analysis of legislation, legal doctrine, and academic literature, this study identifies a discrepancy between the normative legal protection provisions and their implementation in hospital institutional practice. The research findings indicate that acts of violence against doctors, whether verbal, psychological, or physical, are structural problems and correlate with the suboptimal legal protection system at the hospital level. Although Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health explicitly recognizes doctors' right to legal protection in carrying out their profession, in practice, hospitals still tend to limit this protection to administrative aspects and have not yet established a comprehensive legal protection mechanism. Effective legal protection has been shown to contribute directly to increasing doctors' sense of security, maintaining professional independence, and improving the quality of health services. Thus, strengthening institutional legal protection for doctors is a fundamental prerequisite for the realization of safe, quality, and equitable health services.]]>
<![CDATA[IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL SERVICE AT THE AVALOKITESVARA VIHARA AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF HEALTH SERVICES IN THE ASPECT OF HEALTH LAW ]]>
<![CDATA[Riska Febria Afrila]]>;
<![CDATA[Henry Aspan]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Arif Sahlepi]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Health services are one of the efforts undertaken to improve public welfare and constitutional rights guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and regulated in Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health. Health social services organized by religious institutions such as the Avalokitesvara Temple have strategic potential as an instrument for assessing the quality of health worker services, but the legal aspects and quality assessment mechanisms have not been comprehensively studied. This study aims to analyze the implementation of social services at the Avalokitesvara Temple as an instrument for assessing the quality of health worker services from a health law perspective, including legal regulations, service quality standards, functions as an assessment instrument, and legal protection for health workers. The study uses an empirical juridical approach with primary data from observations and in-depth interviews with health workers, managers, and beneficiaries, as well as secondary data in the form of laws and academic literature analyzed descriptively and qualitatively with data triangulation. Social services at the Avalokitesvara Temple have a strong legal basis and apply the principle of non-discrimination by involving a competent multidisciplinary medical team. This activity has the potential to evaluate the professional competence, ethics, and communication of healthcare workers, but faces obstacles such as limited medical equipment, unintegrated documentation, and the absence of specific SOPs and standardized assessment instruments. Legal protection for healthcare workers is guaranteed through Article 83 of the 2023 Health Law and liability insurance. The study recommends the development of specific SOPs, standardized assessment instruments, improvements to technology-based documentation systems, and strengthening cross-sector collaboration to ensure legal certainty and improve the quality of community-based services.]]>
<![CDATA[WITCHCRAFT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ARTICLE 252 PARAGRAPH (1) OF THE 2023 CRIMINAL CODE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LEGAL CERTAINTY ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Iqbal Rifai]]>;
<![CDATA[Chairuni Nasution]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumarno]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[The regulation of witchcraft under Article 252 paragraph (1) of the 2023 Criminal Code represents a criminal law response to a social phenomenon that continues to exist within Indonesian society. Witchcraft is often associated with supernatural practices that may generate fear, social conflict, and potential violence; therefore, the state considers it necessary to establish legal norms to regulate such practices. This study aims to analyze the juridical basis of the article, the elements of the criminal offense as formulated, and its implications for legal certainty and law enforcement practices. The method employed is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches through a literature review. The results indicate that the criminalization of witchcraft in the new Criminal Code does not focus on proving the existence of supernatural powers, but rather on the act of a person who declares or offers services by claiming supernatural abilities that may cause suffering, illness, or death. This formulation categorizes Article 252 as a formal offense, thereby directing proof toward the perpetrator’s observable actions. This regulation is intended to protect society from fraud, psychological manipulation, and social conflict. However, the norm still has the potential to create multiple interpretations if not accompanied by clear interpretative guidelines, particularly in distinguishing between personal beliefs and criminal acts.]]>
<![CDATA[LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF BUYBACK GUARANTEES TO SUPPORT DEVELOPER BUSINESS CAPITALIZATION AND MARKETING ]]>
<![CDATA[Juli Purwanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Henry Aspan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitri Rafianti]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Developer capital and marketing of their houses greatly affect the Indonesian economy, many developers need capital injections from banks, in addition to capital injections, developers can also obtain convenience in marketing completed houses through mortgages from banks that provide working capital loans. To facilitate mortgage approval for consumers, developers include a repurchase clause or better known as a Buyback Guarantee, a Buyback guarantee is a repurchase guarantee contained in a working capital cooperation agreement between banks and developers born from the principle of freedom of contract and the principle of Prudent in banking. This study aims to find out and explore how this credit agreement can be implemented and how this Buyback Guarantee clause is included in a banking credit agreement so that it can support capital and marketing of the developer's business. This study uses a Descriptive Juridical-Normative approach method. The formulation of the problem in this paper is How are the regulations and legality of the Buy Back Guarantee agreement clause as a form of repurchase guarantee between banks and developers and How the Buyback Guarantee Clause can support the Capital and Sales of the Developer's business. The results of this study demonstrate that the legality of credit agreements incorporating a buyback guarantee clause between banks and developers is based on the principles of freedom of contract and prudential banking principles.]]>
<![CDATA[TELEMEDICINE SERVICES IN PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION (LEGAL REVIEW) ]]>
<![CDATA[Harianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Marice Simarmata]]>;
<![CDATA[Irsyam Risdawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[The development of digital technology has driven significant transformation in healthcare services, one of which is through the implementation of telemedicine between healthcare facilities. Telemedicine provides easy access to medical services, especially in remote areas, by utilizing information technology for consultation, diagnosis, and clinical data exchange. This study aims to analyze and examine legal regulations regarding personal data protection and the responsibility of telemedicine providers in protecting patients' personal data. The research method used is a normative legal research method, also known as doctrinal legal research or dogmatic legal research. This study focuses on written regulations, so it is closely related to a literature study. The results of the study confirm that to ensure that personal data is managed very carefully and cautiously by telemedicine service providers, more serious sanctions can be considered in this case, namely criminal liability for telemedicine service providers as controllers of personal data in the event that personal data is distributed illegally from management activities carried out using Hans Kelsen's legal liability theory, which states "Failure to exercise the care required by law is called negligence, and negligence is usually considered.]]>
<![CDATA[IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW NO. 17 OF 2023 IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL SERVICE AT THE AVALOKITESVARA VIHARA, STABAT ]]>
<![CDATA[Lenny]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Arif Sahlepi]]>;
<![CDATA[Irsyam Risdawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[Health services are a fundamental right of every citizen as guaranteed by Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health. However, disparities in access to health services still persist, particularly in remote areas and among low-income populations. Religious institutions such as Vihara Avalokitesvara Stabat play an important role in expanding access to healthcare through social health service activities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Law Number 17 of 2023 in the conduct of social health services at Vihara Avalokitesvara Stabat, particularly in terms of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and informed consent. The research employs a normative juridical approach using secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are analyzed through qualitative descriptive methods. The results indicate that the implementation of social health services has a strong legal basis in Article 14 and Article 35 paragraph (1) of Law Number 17 of 2023. The implementation of SOPs and informed consent at Vihara Avalokitesvara Stabat shows substantial compliance with healthcare service standards, with the SOP structure covering eight comprehensive components and the informed consent form containing the essential elements of medical ethics. The social service activity conducted on October 26, 2025 served 50 participants from various regions. The challenges encountered include limited understanding of regulations, resource constraints, and coordination issues. The recommendations include the development of technical guidelines, regular training programs, strengthened coordination, and the development of an online reporting system to improve the quality of community-based healthcare services.]]>
<![CDATA[LEGAL REVIEW OF COMBAT MEDIC SERVICES IN HANDLING GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF BRIMOB PERSONNEL IN OPERATIONAL DUTIES IN PAPUA ]]>
<![CDATA[His Majesty Zulfikar]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Arif Sahlepi]]>;
<![CDATA[Marice Simamarta]]>
<![CDATA[ Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[RADJA PUBLIKA ]]>
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<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze combat medic services in handling gunshot wounds sustained by Brimob personnel during operations in Papua, with a focus on the legal basis, operational effectiveness, and challenges encountered. The research employs a normative juridical method with a document study approach and analysis of legislation, including Law No. 17 of 2023, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024, Police Chief Regulations (Perkap), Police Regulations (Perpol), as well as the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) protocols implemented in Brimob units. The results indicate that combat medic services have a strong legal foundation and clear technical standards; however, their effectiveness is influenced by multidimensional obstacles such as geographical conditions, logistical limitations, personnel competency, and the absence of comprehensive regulations regarding tactical medical authority. This study recommends improving internal regulations, enhancing tactical-medical training capacity, strengthening logistics, and conducting regular legal evaluations to ensure patient rights are fulfilled, service effectiveness is increased, and legal risks for personnel are minimized.]]>
